Name: characterization and application of passive samplers for monitoring of pesticides in water
Uploaded: 2016-08-03T09:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Characterization and Application of Passive Samplers for Monitoring of Pesticides in Water at JoVE.com

The Swedish EPA (Naturv&#229;rdsverket) (agreement 2208-13-001) and Centre for Chemical Pesticides (CKB) are gratefully acknowledged for funding this project. We thank M&#228;rit Peterson, Henrik Jernstedt, Emma Gurnell and Elin Paulsson at the OMK-lab, SLU, for skillful assistance with analytical support and supply of pesticide standards.

1. Passif Sampler Conception et préparation <ol><li> Des feuilles de caoutchouc de silicone <ol><li> Découper les feuilles de caoutchouc de silicone (600 mm x 600 mm, 0,5 mm d&#39;épaisseur) en bandes de 2,5 mm x 600 mm et 2,5 mm x 314 mm en utilisant un outil de coupe en acier inoxydable et les relier au moyen d&#39;un rivet aveugle en acier inoxydable (3,2 mm x 10 mm ) avec un pistolet à rivet pour obtenir une taille totale échantillonneur de bande de 2,5 mm x 914 mm (surface = 457 cm 2,</...

<ol>
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Pour le contrôle de la qualité, comme procédure standard, blancs de laboratoire, les limites de détection (LOD), les recouvrements et la répétabilité ont été examinées 23. Quelques pesticides ont été détectés dans les échantillons témoins à des concentrations faibles. LOD ont été définies comme la valeur du point le plus bas sur la courbe d&#39;étalonnage qui répond aux critères d&#39;un rapport signal sur bruit 3. Les LODs moyennes étaient de 8,0 pg absolue injecté sur la colonne pou...

Les pesticides sont introduits en continu dans le milieu aquatique et peuvent présenter un risque pour les organismes aquatiques 1. La surveillance des pesticides dans l&#39;environnement aqueux est généralement réalisée en utilisant l&#39; échantillonnage ponctuel, cependant, cette technique d&#39;échantillonnage n&#39;a pas pleinement compte des variations temporelles des concentrations dues aux fluctuations des entrées de débit ou épisodiques (par exemple, les précipitations, les débordements d&#39;égouts unitaires, lagune d&#39; eaux usées libération) 2 , 3. Ainsi, les méthodes de surveillance doivent être améliorées pour une meilleure estimation des risques environnementaux associés aux pesticides. L&#39; échantillonnage passif permet une surveillance continue sur une longue période de temps avec un minimum d&#39; infrastructures et de faibles concentrations de contaminants 4,5. Les échantillonneurs passifs se sont révélés être un outil précieux pour la surveillance dans les eaux souterraines 6, l&#39; eau douce 7-10, les eaux usées et les eaux marines 11 12. Outre des fins de surveillance <sup&gt; 13,14, échantillonneurs passifs ont également été utilisés pour l&#39; analyse non-cible 15, tests de toxicologie 16,17, et comme une alternative à la biosurveillance dans les sédiments et 18. Les échantillonneurs passifs accumulent les produits chimiques en continu de l&#39; eau et fournissent le temps moyen pondéré (TWA) concentrations 14. L&#39;absorption du contaminant dépend de la fréquence d&#39;échantillonnage (R S) et coefficient de partage échantillonneur-eau passive (K PW), qui dépend de la conception passive de l&#39; échantillonneur, le matériel d&#39;échantillonnage, les propriétés physico - chimiques du contaminant, et les conditions environnementales (par exemple, l&#39; eau turbulence, température) 13,14,19,20. La vidéo détaillée vise à montrer comment calibrer et appliquer des échantillonneurs passifs pour les pesticides dans l&#39;eau. Les objectifs spécifiques inclus i) pour effectuer la préparation, l&#39; extraction et l&#39; analyse instrumentale pour 124 pesticides individuels en utilisant cinq types de sampl passive différentsteurs, y compris le caoutchouc de silicone, polaire organique intégrative chimique échantillonneur (POCIS) -A, POCIS-B, SDB-RPS et C 18 disque, ii) d&#39;évaluer R S et K PW pour les pesticides dans une étude en laboratoire d&#39;absorption, et iii) pour montrer comment sélectionner l&#39;échantillonneur passif appropriée du composé d&#39;intérêt et de la façon de calculer les concentrations TWA pour l&#39;échantillonneur passif respective cible. Normes de référence et dispositifs échantillonneurs passifs Les composés cibles comprenaient 124 l&#39; héritage et les pesticides actuellement utilisés , y compris les herbicides, les insecticides et les fongicides (tableau 1). Mélange standard interne (IS mélange) inclus fénoprop (2,4,5-TP), la clothianidine-D 3, éthion et terbuthylazine-D 5. D&#39;autres produits chimiques utilisés comprennent le méthanol (MeOH), l&#39;acétonitrile (ACN), l&#39;acétone (ACE), le dichlorométhane (DCM), le cyclohexane (CH), l&#39;acétate d&#39;éthyle (EA), le pétrole etelle (PE), le 2-propanol, une solution d&#39;ammoniaque à 25%, d&#39;acide acétique (HAc) et d&#39;acide formique (FA). Cinq dispositifs différents d&#39;échantillonnage passif ont été caractérisés, y compris le caoutchouc de silicone, POCIS-A et POCIS-B, SDB-RPS, et C 18 disque 1,21. Tableau 1. Taux d&#39;échantillonnage de l&#39; échantillonneur passif (R &#39;S, L jour -1), les coefficients de partage échantillonneur-eau (K&#39; PW, L kg -1) et les équations (Eq.) Utilisés pour le calcul des concentrations dans les échantillons de terrain pour particuliers les pesticides a. (Reproduit de Journal of Chromatography A, 1405, Lutz Ahrens, atlasi Daneshvar, Anna E. Lau, Jenny Kreuger, Caractérisation des cinq dispositifs d&#39;échantillonnage passif pour la surveillance des pesticides dans l&#39;eau, 1-11, Copyright (2015), avec la permission d&#39;Elsevier .) 22 <a href="https://www.jove.com/files/ftp_upload/54053/Table_1.xlsx" target="_blank">S&#39;il vous plaît cliquer ici pour télécharger ce fichier.</a>

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="1047">
	<tbody>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:492px;">Methanol</td>
			<td style="width:164px;">Merck Millipore</td>
			<td style="width:163px;">1.06035.2500</td>
			<td style="width:228px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Acetonitrile</td>
			<td>Merck Millipore</td>
			<td>1.00029.2500&#160;</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:22px;width:492px;">Acetone</td>
			<td>Merck Millipore</td>
			<td style="width:163px;">1.00012.2500</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">2-propanol</td>
			<td>Merck Millipore</td>
			<td>1.00272.2500</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Dichloromethane</td>
			<td>Merck Millipore</td>
			<td>1.06054.2500</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Ammoniak</td>
			<td>Merck Millipore</td>
			<td>1.05428.1000</td>
			<td>Purity 25%</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Formic acid</td>
			<td style="width:164px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>94318-50ML-F</td>
			<td>Purity ~98%</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:22px;">Ethyl acetate&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:164px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>31063-2.5L</td>
			<td>for pesticide residue analysis</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:22px;">Petroleum ether&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:164px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>34491-4X2.5L</td>
			<td>for pesticide residue analysis</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Acetic acid&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:164px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>320099-500ML</td>
			<td>Purity &#8805;99.7%</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Cyclohexane&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:164px;">Fisher Chemicals</td>
			<td>C/8933/17</td>
			<td>for residue analysis</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Empty polypropylene SPE Tube with PE frits, 20 &#956;m porosity, volume 6&#160;mL</td>
			<td style="width:164px;">Supelco</td>
			<td>57026</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:492px;">Empore SPE Disks, C18, diam. 47&#160;mm</td>
			<td>Supelco</td>
			<td style="width:163px;">66883-U</td>
			<td>Passive sampler</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:492px;">Empore SPE Disks, SDB-RPS (Reversed-Phase Sulfonate), diam. 47&#160;mm</td>
			<td>Supelco</td>
			<td style="width:163px;">66886-U&#160;</td>
			<td>Passive sampler</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:492px;">POCIS-A&#160;</td>
			<td>EST</td>
			<td style="width:163px;">POCIS-HLB</td>
			<td>Passive sampler</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:492px;">POCIS-B</td>
			<td>EST</td>
			<td style="width:163px;">POCIS-Pesticide&#160;</td>
			<td>Passive sampler</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:492px;">Polyethersulfone (PES) membranes</td>
			<td>EST</td>
			<td style="width:163px;">PES</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:492px;">Silicone rubber sheet</td>
			<td style="width:164px;">Altec</td>
			<td style="width:163px;">03-65-4516</td>
			<td>Passive sampler</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:492px;">Agilent 5975C</td>
			<td style="width:164px;">Agilent Technologies</td>
			<td style="width:163px;">5975C</td>
			<td>GC-MS</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="23">
			<td height="23" style="height:23px;width:492px;">HP-5MS UI</td>
			<td style="width:164px;">J&#38;W Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:163px;">HP-5MS</td>
			<td>Analytical column for GC-MS</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:492px;">Agilent 6460</td>
			<td style="width:164px;">Agilent Technologies</td>
			<td style="width:163px;">6460</td>
			<td>HPLC-MS/MS</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:492px;">Strata C18&#8211;E, 20 x 2 mm id and 20&#8211;25 &#956;m particle size</td>
			<td style="width:164px;">Phenomenex</td>
			<td style="width:163px;">Strata C18&#8211;E</td>
			<td style="width:228px;">Online SPE column for LC-MS/MS</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:492px;">Strata X, 20 x 2 mm id and 20&#8211;25 &#956;m particle size</td>
			<td style="width:164px;">Phenomenex</td>
			<td style="width:163px;">Strata X</td>
			<td style="width:228px;">Online SPE column for LC-MS/MS</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:492px;">Zorbax Eclipse Plus C18</td>
			<td style="width:164px;">Agilent Technologies</td>
			<td style="width:163px;">Zorbax Eclipse Plus C18</td>
			<td>Analytical column for LC-MS/MS</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:492px;">Isolute phase separator, 25 mL</td>
			<td style="width:164px;">Biotage</td>
			<td style="width:163px;">120-1907-E</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:492px;">Stainless steel blind rivet, 3.2x10 mm</td>
			<td style="width:164px;">Ejot &#38; Avdel</td>
			<td style="width:163px;">951222</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

characterization and application of passive samplers for monitoring of pesticides in water

Cinq échantillonneurs passifs d&#39;eau différents ont été étalonnés dans des conditions de laboratoire pour la mesure de 124 héritage et les pesticides utilisés en cours. Cette étude fournit un protocole pour la préparation de l&#39;échantillonneur passif, étalonnage, méthode d&#39;extraction et d&#39;analyse instrumentale. Taux d&#39;échantillonnage (R S) et passifs des coefficients de partage échantillonneur-eau (K PW) ont été calculées pour le caoutchouc de silicone, polaire organique intégrative chimique sampler POCIS-A, POCIS-B, SDB-RPS et C 18 disque. L&#39;absorption des composés sélectionnés dépendait de leurs propriétés physico - chimiques, à savoir, le caoutchouc de silicone a montré une meilleure absorption des composés plus hydrophobes (log coefficient de partage octanol-eau (K OW)&gt; 5.3), alors que POCIS-A, POCIS-B et SDB- RPS disque était plus approprié pour les composés hydrophiles (log K OW &lt;0,70).

Cinq techniques de l&#39; échantillonneur passif différentes ont été comparés pour l&#39;absorption de 124 héritage et les pesticides utilisés en cours , y compris le caoutchouc de silicone (Figure 1), et POCIS A, B POCIS, SDB-RPS et C 18 disque (Figure 2). La performance du procédé d&#39;extraction et d&#39;analyse instrumentale a été optimisée. Les résultats des expériences d&#39;absorption de laboratoire peut être utilisé po...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Characterization and Application of Passive Samplers for Monitoring of Pesticides in Water at JoVE.com

Characterization and Application of Passive Samplers for Monitoring of Pesticides in Water

A protocol about the characterization and application of five different passive sampling devices is presented.

Caractérisation et Application des échantillonneurs passifs pour la surveillance des pesticides dans l&#39;eau

Five different water passive samplers were calibrated under laboratory conditions for measurement of 124 legacy and current used pesticides. This study ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Environment

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Eaux usées dérivées électroactifs microbiennes biofilms: croissance, l&#39;entretien et la caractérisation de base

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