Name: hkust-1 as a heterogeneous catalyst for the synthesis of vanillin
Uploaded: 2016-07-23T14:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about HKUST-1 as a Heterogeneous Catalyst for the Synthesis of Vanillin at JoVE.com

The authors thank Dr. A. Tejeda-Cruz (X-ray; IIM-UNAM). R.Y. thanks CINVESTAV, Mexico for technical support. M.S.S acknowledges the financial support by Spanish Government, MINECO (MAT2012-31127). I.A.I thanks CONACyT (212318) and PAPIIT UNAM (IN100415), Mexico for financial support. E.G-Z. thanks CONACyT (156801 and 236879), Mexico for financial support. Thanks to U. Winnberg (ITAM and ITESM) for scientific discussions.

주의 :이 촉매 적 절차에서 사용되는 화학 물질의 독성 및 비 - 발암 성이 비교적 낮다. 이러한 안전 안경, 장갑, 실험실 코트, 전체 길이 바지와 폐쇄 발가락 신발로이 실험 절차를 수행 할 때 모든 적절한 안전 예방 조치를 사용하십시오. 다음 절차 중 한 부분은 표준 공기가없는 처리 기술을 포함한다. 카탈리스트 1. 활성화 (HKUST-1) <ol><li> 카탈리스트의 결정의 특성 참고 HKUST-1 시판되?...

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Biotechnol. 44 (3), 335-353 (2006).</li><li>Yepez, R., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Catalytic+activity+of+HKUST-1+in+the+oxidation+of+trans-ferulic+acid+to+vanillin.">Catalytic activity of HKUST-1 in the oxidation of trans-ferulic acid to vanillin.</a> New. J. Chem. 39 (7), 5112-5115 (2015).</li></ol>

바닐린 트랜스 -ferulic 산의 촉매 변환을위한 기본적인 공정은 촉매 (HKUST-1)의 활성화이었다. 촉매 (진공하에 100 ℃에서) 반응계에서 활성화되지 않은 경우, 바닐린 트랜스 -ferulic 산의 일부만 변환 (44)이 관찰되었다. 즉, 금속 부위를 열 접근성 촉매 사이클 44 중요하고,이 다공질 코디 폴리머 내의 구리 (II)의 금속 사이트로 조정 된 물을 제거함으로써 달성 될 수...

불균일 촉매 1-4 다공성 배위 고분자 (의 PCP)를 사용하는 비교적 새로운 연구 분야이다. 의 PCP가 보여 매우 흥미로운 특성, 예를 들면, 다공성 규칙, 높은 표면적과 금속 접속으로 인해, 그들은 이종 촉매 5-6에 대한 새로운 대안을 제공 할 수 있습니다. 촉매 활성의 PCP의 생성은 여러 연구 그룹 7-10의 주요 초점이되어왔다. 다공성 배위 중합체 따라서 금속 이온 및 유기 결합제에 의해 구성되며, 이들 재료의 촉매 활성이 부품에 의해 제공된다. 일부의 PCP는 화학 반응 (11)을 촉매 할 수 불포화 (활성) 금속이 포함되어 있습니다. 그러나, 배위 중합체 내에 불포화 금속 자리 (개방 금속 자리)의 발생이 사소한 작업이 아니며은 요약 될 수있는 합성 도전 나타내고 : (I)의 불안정한 리간드 7-11 제거하여 빈 배위 생성하는 단계;(II) 유기 리간드 (이전 합성) 8,12-13를 통합하여 바이메탈의 PCP의 발생; (III) 금속 이온의 PCP의 세공 내에 9,14-15 또는 유기 리간드 (10), 16-17의 합성 후 변형. 방법론 (i)는 이와 같이 단순한이기 때문에 자주 사용이다. 일반적으로, 개방 된 금속 부위의 발생을 H 2 18-19 향해의 PCP의 친 화성을 ​​향상시킬뿐만 아니라, 활성 이종 촉매 20-27 설계에 사용되었다. 양호한 촉매 특성을 달성하기 위해, 추가의 PCP가 열려 금속 사이트, 반응 조건, 촉매의 실험 후에 결정 성의 유지, 상대적으로 높은 열적 안정성 및 화학적 안정성의 접근성에 표시 할 필요가있다. HKUST-1 (구리 3 (BTC) 2 (H 2 O) 3, BTC = 1,3,5- 벤젠 트리 카르 복실 레이트) (7)이카르 복실 리간드와 배위 물 구리 (II) 양이온으로 구성된 잘 조사 다공성 배위 중합체. 흥미롭게도,이 물 분자 (가열)을 제거하고,이 하드 루이스 산의 특성 (11)을 나타내는 구리 이온 주변의 정사각형 평면 조정을 제공 할 수있다. 보르디가와 협력자 (28)이 H 2 O 분자의 제거가 결정 성 (규칙 성 유지율) 및 금속 이온의 산화 상태 (구리 (II))의 영향을받지 한 영향을 미치지 않았 음을 보여 주었다. 촉매로서 HKUST-1의 사용은 광범위하고 특히 29-33 (본 연구에 매우 중요한) 방향족 분자 (34)의 과산화수소 산화 반응을 조사 하였다. 바닐라는 화장품, 의약품 및 식품 산업에서 가장 널리 사용되는 향미 제의 하나이다. 이것은 런 바닐라 planifolia, Vani의 경화 콩으로부터 추출LLA의 tahitiensis와 바닐라 퐁퐁. 이 초콜릿 맛 35-37을 개선하기 때문에 마야와 아즈텍 문명 (콜럼버스 명) 먼저 향미 제로서 바닐라의 엄청난 잠재력을 실현. 바닐라 제 1858 38 단리하며 바닐린의 화학 구조가 마침내 결정되었다 1874 39까지 없었다. (난초 바닐라 planifolia, 바닐라 tahitiensis와 바닐라 퐁퐁에서) 바닐린의 자연 추출은 전 세계 생산량의 1 %를 나타내며,이 과정이 비싸고 (40) 매우 긴이기 때문에, 바닐린의 나머지 (40)를 합성된다. 많은 생물 공학적 접근 그러나, 이러한 방법은 이들 방법은 강한 산화제 독성 용매 41-43를 사용하기 때문에 환경을 해치지 단점이 등 리그닌 페놀 스틸 벤, 이소 유게 놀, 유게 놀, guaicol에서 바닐린의 합성에 사용될 수있다. 여기서, 우리는 r에촉매 HKUST-1을 사용하여 트랜스 -ferulic 산의 산화에 의해 바닐린의 제조 합성 전략 eport.

<table border="1" fo:keep-together.within-page="1" fo:keep-with-next.within-page="always">
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>HKUST-1</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>MFCD10567003</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Ferulic Acid (trans-4-Hydroxy-3-methoxycinnamic acid)</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>537-98-4</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Ethanol</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>64-17-5</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Hydrogen peroxide solution</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>&#160;7722-84-1</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Acetonitrile</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>75-05-8</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Ethyl acetate</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>141-78-6</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Ammonium chloride</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>12125-02-9</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Sodium sulfate anhydrous</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>7757-82-6</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Ethyl acetate</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>141-78-6</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>n-Hexane</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>110-54-3</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Silica Gel</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>112926-00-8</td>
			<td>&#160;Size 70/230</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>250 mL two-neck round-bottom flask</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>Z516872-1EA</td>
			<td>250 mL capacity</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Magnetic stirring bar</td>
			<td>Bel-Art products</td>
			<td>371100002</td>
			<td>Teflon, octagon</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Condenser</td>
			<td>Cole-Parmer</td>
			<td>JZ-34706-00</td>
			<td>200 mm Jacket length</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Vacuum pump (Approx. 10X-2 bar)</td>
			<td>Cole-Parmer</td>
			<td>JZ-78162-00</td>
			<td>Vacuum/Pressure Diaphragm Pump</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Stopcock</td>
			<td>Cole-Parmer</td>
			<td>EW-30600-00</td>
			<td>with a male luer slip</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Hose</td>
			<td>Cole-Parmer</td>
			<td>JZ-06602-04</td>
			<td>16.0 mm ID and 23.2 mm ED</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Rubber septums</td>
			<td>Cole-Parmer</td>
			<td>JZ-08918-34</td>
			<td>Silicone with PTFE coating</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Hot plate</td>
			<td>Cole-Parmer</td>
			<td>JZ-04660-15</td>
			<td>10.2 cm x 10.2 cm, 5 to 540 &#176;C</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Sand bath&#160;</td>
			<td>Cole-Parmer</td>
			<td>GH-01184-00</td>
			<td>Fluidized Sand Bath SBS-4, 50 to 600 &#176;C</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>N2 gas</td>
			<td>INFRA</td>
			<td>Cod. 103</td>
			<td>Cylinder 9m &#179;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Ballons (filled with N2 gas)</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>Z154989-100EA</td>
			<td>Thick-wall, natural latex rubber</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Syringes with removable needles</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>Z116912-100EA</td>
			<td>10 mL capacity</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Filter paper</td>
			<td>Cole-Parmer</td>
			<td>JZ-81050-24</td>
			<td>Grade No. 235 qualitative filter paper (90 mm diameter disc)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Buchner funnel</td>
			<td>Cole-Parmer</td>
			<td>JZ-17815-04</td>
			<td>320 mL capacity which accept standard paper filter sizes&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Buchner flask</td>
			<td>Cole-Parmer</td>
			<td>JZ-34557-02</td>
			<td>250 mL capacity</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Rotary Evaporator</td>
			<td>Cole-Parmer</td>
			<td>JZ-28710-02</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Beakers</td>
			<td>Cole-Parmer</td>
			<td>JZ-34502-(02,04,05)</td>
			<td>Pyrex Brand 1000 Griffin; 20, 50 and 100 mL</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Separation funnel&#160;</td>
			<td>Cole-Parmer</td>
			<td>JZ-34505-44</td>
			<td>Capacity for 125 mL with steam lenght of 60 mm</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Glass column for chromatography</td>
			<td>Cole-Parmer</td>
			<td>JZ-34695-42</td>
			<td>Column with fritted disk, 10.5 mm ID x 250 mm L</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>PXRD diffractometer</td>
			<td>Bruker</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>AXS D8 Advance XRD</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>FTIR spectrophotometer</td>
			<td>Thermo scientific</td>
			<td>FT-IR (JZ-83008-02); ATR (JZ-83008-26)</td>
			<td>Nicolet iS5 FT-IR Spectrometer, with KBr Windows and iD5 Diamond ATR</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

hkust-1 as a heterogeneous catalyst for the synthesis of vanillin

바닐린 (4- 하이드 록시 -3- 메 톡시)는 바닐라 콩 추출물의 주요 성분이다. 천연 바닐라 향기 바닐린 이외에 약 200 취제 다른 화합물의 혼합물이다. (난초 바닐라 planifolia, 바닐라 tahitiensis와 바닐라 퐁퐁에서) 바닐린의 자연 추출은 전 세계 생산량의 1 %를 나타내며,이 과정은 비용이 매우 긴이기 때문에, 바닐린 생산의 나머지 부분은 합성된다. 많은 생물 공학적 방법이 프로세스가 강한 산화제 독성 용매를 사용하기 때문에 환경을 해치지 단점과, 리그닌 등의 페놀 스틸 벤, 이소 유게 놀, 유게 놀, guaicol에서 바닐린의 합성에 사용될 수있다. 따라서, 바닐린 생산에 환경 친화적 인 대안은 현재 조사에서 매우 바람직하므로 있습니다. 다공성 배위 고분자 (의 PCP)는 그 녹화 높은 결정 성 물질의 새로운 클래스입니다고한다면 촉매에 사용되어왔다. HKUST-1 (구리 3 (BTC) 2 (H 2 O) 3, BTC = 1,3,5- 벤젠 트리 카르 복실 레이트)을 광범위 불균일 촉매로서 검토되고있다 매우 잘 알려진 PCP이다. 여기서는 촉매 HKUST-1을 사용하여 트랜스 -ferulic 산의 산화에 의해 바닐린의 제조 합성 전략을보고한다.

오븐에서 1 시간 동안 100 ℃에서 활성화 된 비 - 활성화는 (공기에 노출), 1 100 ℃에서 진공 (10-2 바)하에 활성화 : HKUST-1 세 대표적인 샘플을 적외선 분광법으로 분석 하였다 시간. 따라서, 푸리에 변환 적외선 (FTIR) 스펙트럼은 하나의 반사 다이아몬드 ATR 액세서리 (그림 1)와 분광계를 사용하여 기록 하였다 변환. 모든 스펙트럼의 경우, 4000 ~ 400 cm -1</...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about HKUST-1 as a Heterogeneous Catalyst for the Synthesis of Vanillin at JoVE.com

HKUST-1 as a Heterogeneous Catalyst for the Synthesis of Vanillin

The conversion of trans-ferulic acid to vanillin was achieved by heterogeneous catalysis. HKUST-1 was employed in this synthesis and the essential step in the catalytic process was the generation of unsaturated metal sites. Thus, when the catalyst was activated under vacuum, full vanillin conversion (yield of 95%) was obtained.

HKUST 바닐린-1의 합성에 대해 불균일 촉매로서

Vanillin (4-hydoxy-3-methoxybenzaldehyde) is the main component of the extract of vanilla bean. The natural vanilla scent is a mixture of approximately ...

The overall goal of this methodology is the conversion of trans ferulic acid to vanillin by heterogeneous catalysis using the porous coordination polymer HKUST-1. The essential step in the catalytic process is the generation of unsaturated metal sites in HKUST-1. These methods can help us answer key questions in the heterogeneous catalysis field, such as in the production of vanillin, which is one of the most widely employed flavoring agents in the world.The main advantage of this technique is that we provide an experimental protocol to catalytically convert ferulic acid to vanillin under mild oxidation conditions. The implications of this technique extend toward the use of porous coordination polymers as catalysts. Generally, individuals new to this method will struggle, because activation of the HKUST-1 material is fundamental.Demonstrating the procedure will be Rebeca Yepez, a graduate student from my laboratory. To characterize the crystallinity of the catalyst, collect the powder x-ray diffraction pattern of a 0.1 gram sample of HKUST-1, as described in the text protocol. Record a powder x-ray diffraction pattern from five degrees to 60 degrees in 0.02 degree steps, and one second counting time.Then, perform dissolvation of HKUST-1 by first weighing 0.05 grams of the catalyst. Next, prepare the activation system by clamping a 250 milliliter two neck round bottom flask to a stand and inserting a magnetic stirring bar into the round bottom flask. Attach a condenser to the round bottom flask.Use some vacuum grease or Teflon tape between the joints of the flask and condenser to generate a perfect seal. Connect the condenser from the top to a vacuum pump. Make sure that the vacuum generated by the pump is approximately 0.1 bar.Place the catalyst inside the 250 milliliter two neck round bottom flask. Insert a rubber septum in the second neck of the round bottom flask, and make sure that it seals properly. Carefully place the activation system into a sand bath.Start the vacuum pump and carefully turn the stopcock until it is fully opened. With a hot plate, heat the activation system up to 100 degrees Celsius for one hour. Stir at the lowest speed, the hot plate to homogeneously distribute the catalyst at the bottom of the round bottom flask.When the catalyst is activated, a color change must be clearly observed. This is an indication of the removal of coordinated water molecules, and therefore the generation of coordinately unsaturated copper to metal sites within the catalyst. A color change from turquoise to dark blue upon activation is observed.Turn off the heat after one hour of heating and let the activation system cool to room temperature. Once the activation system is cooled down to room temperature, turn the stopcock off, and turn the pump off. Connect a balloon filled with nitrogen though the septum to the two neck round bottom flask, and wait a few seconds to reach the equilibrium pressure.After the activation of the catalyst, leave it under an inert atmosphere, since the access to the uncoordinated metal sites is the key to obtaining an active catalyst. Remove the balloon filled with nitrogen when the equilibrium pressure has been achieved. De-gas approximately 70 milliliters of ethanol by bubbling nitrogen for five minutes.To prepare the catalytic reaction, add 10 milliliters of de-gassed ethanol to the two neck round bottom flask and gently stir the suspension on a hot plate. Then, add five milliliters of hydrogen peroxide followed by 25 milliliters of acetonitrile to the suspension. Weigh 0.5 grams of ferulic acid and dissolve it in 20 milliliters of de-gassed ethanol in a beaker.Add the dissolved ferulic acid to the suspension, then wash the beaker with 20 milliliters of de-gassed ethanol and add it to the suspension. For oxidation of trans ferulic acid to vanillin, first unplug the hose that connects the condenser to the vacuum pump. Turn on the tap water, or preferably, the water pump that goes though the condenser.Heat the suspension up to 100 degrees Celsius and reflux for one hour. After turning off the heat and stirring, carefully lift the two neck round bottom flask attached to the condenser and let it cool to room temperature. Next, filter off the reaction mixture using a Buchner funnel and flask.Recover the catalyst and wash it with 200 milliliters of ethyl acetate. Concentrate the combined organic phases under vacuum with a rotary evaporator and re-dissolve it with 100 milliliters of ethyl acetate. Wash the organic phases in a separation funnel with a 30 milliliter saturated solution of ammonium chloride.Then, recover the organic phases and mix them with 30 grams of anhydrous sodium sulfate. After letting the suspension stand for 15 minutes, filter the suspension off, and recover the filtrate. Then, concentrate the filtrate to approximately 20 milliliters under vacuum with a rotary evaporator.Purify the residue by flash column chromatography. The stationary phase is silica gel, and the mobile phase is a solvent mixture of ethyl acetate and hexane. Pack the glass column for chromatography with a silica gel.Then, saturate the column with the ethyl acetate hexane solvent mixture. Carefully pour the concentrated filtrate on top of the glass column. Slowly add the solvent mixture to the glass column and collect all of the fractions until 1, 200 milliliters are collected.Concentrate the 1, 200 milliliters of the organic fractions with a rotary evaporator until dry. Recover the final solid powder that is the purified vanillin. Shown here are fourier transform infrared spectra of the HKUST-1 catalyst at 25 degrees Celsius.The spectrum of the non-activated catalyst is shown in green. The spectrum of the activated catalyst in a conventional oven is shown in purple, and the spectrum of the activated catalyst under vacuum is shown in orange. Shown here is a proton NMR spectra of vanillin after column chromatography purification on silica gel when the catalyst was activated under vacuum and 100 degrees Celsius for one hour.Once mastered, this technique can be done in four hours, if it is performed properly. Though this method can provide insight into the mechanism for the oxidation of trans ferulic acid, it can also be applied to other systems, such as oxidation of other alpha beta unsaturated carboxylic acid. While attempting this procedure, it's important to remember to emphasize on the correct purification of vanillin by column chromatography.Following this procedure, other methods like the oxidation of other alpha beta unsaturated carboxylic acid can be performed in order to answer additional questions, like oxidation mechanisms. After its development, this technique paved way for researchers in the field of porous coordination polymers to explore these materials as heterogeneous catalyst to synthesize molecules of high chemical relevance. After watching this video, you should have a good understanding of how to carry out the oxidation of ferulic acid to vanillin.Don't forget that working with a high volatility solvents under reflexive conditions can be extremely hazardous, and precautions such as wearing a lab coat, safety glasses, and working in a fume hood, should always be taken while performing this procedure.

Research

JoVE Journal

Chemistry

Synthesis and Purification of Iodoaziridines Involving Quantitative Selection of the Optimal Stationary Phase for Chromatography

합성 및 크로마토 그래피에 대한 최적의 고정상의 양이 선택의 참여 Iodoaziridines의 정화

The highly diastereoselective preparation of cis-N-Ts-iodoaziridines through reaction of diiodomethyllithium with N-Ts aldimines is described. ...

연구

화학

Amide Coupling Reaction for the Synthesis of Bispyridine-based Ligands and Their Complexation to Platinum as Dinuclear Anticancer Agents

이핵 항암제로 플래티넘 비스 피리딘 계 리간드와 이들 착물의 합성 아미드 커플 링 반응

Amide coupling reactions can be used to synthesize bispyridine-based ligands for use as bridging linkers in multinuclear platinum anticancer drugs. ...

Synthesis of Protein Bioconjugates via Cysteine-maleimide Chemistry

Synthesis of Protein Bioconjugates via Cysteine-maleimide Chemistry

The chemical linking or bioconjugation of proteins to fluorescent dyes, drugs, polymers and other proteins has a broad range of applications, such as the ...

Facile Synthesis of Worm-like Micelles by Visible Light Mediated Dispersion Polymerization Using Photoredox Catalyst

Photoredox 촉매를 사용하여 가시 광선 중재 분산 중합에 의해 웜 형상 미셀 손쉬운 합성

Presented herein is a protocol for the facile synthesis of worm-like micelles by visible light mediated dispersion polymerization. This approach begins ...

Synthesis of a Water-soluble Metal&#8211;Organic Complex Array

수용성 유기 금속 복합 어레이의 합성

We demonstrate a method for the synthesis of a water-soluble multimetallic peptidic array containing a predetermined sequence of metal centers such as ...

NMR Spectroscopy as a Robust Tool for the Rapid Evaluation of the Lipid Profile of Fish Oil Supplements

생선 기름 보충제의 지질 프로필의 신속한 평가를위한 강력한 도구로 NMR 분광학

The western diet is poor in n-3 fatty acids, therefore the consumption of fish oil supplements is recommended to increase the intake of these essential ...

Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy as a Tool for Electrochemical Rate Constant Estimation

전기 화학 임피던스 분 광 전기 화학 속도 상수 추정을 위한 도구로

Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) was used for advanced characterization of organic electroactive compounds along with cyclic voltammetry (CV). ...

Synthesis and Performance Characterizations of Transition Metal Single Atom Catalyst for Electrochemical CO2 Reduction

Synthesis and Performance Characterizations of Transition Metal Single Atom Catalyst for Electrochemical CO2 Reduction

합성 및 전기 화학적 CO2 감소를 위한 전이 금속 단일 원자 촉매의 성능 Characterizations

This protocol presents both the synthesis method of the Ni single atom catalyst, and the electrochemical testing of its catalytic activity and selectivity ...

Synthesis of a Thiol Building Block for the Crystallization of a Semiconducting Gyroidal Metal-sulfur Framework

반도체 Gyroidal 금속-황 프레임 워크의 결정 화에 대 한 Thiol 빌딩 블록의 합성

We present a method for preparing thioester molecules as the masked form of the thiol linkers and their utilization for accessing a semiconducting and ...

Heterogeneous Removal of Water-Soluble Ruthenium Olefin Metathesis Catalyst from Aqueous Media Via Host-Guest Interaction

호스트-게스트 상호 작용을 통해 수성 매체에서 수용 성 루 테 늄 올레 Metathesis 촉매의 다른 유형의 제거

A highly efficient transition metal catalyst removal method is developed. The water-soluble catalyst contains a newly-designed NHC ligand for the catalyst ...