Name: isolation and flow cytometric characterization of murine small intestinal lymphocytes
Uploaded: 2016-05-08T15:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Isolation and Flow Cytometric Characterization of Murine Small Intestinal Lymphocytes at JoVE.com

NKS is supported by NIH award K08 AI108690.

모든 연구는 실험 동물 과학을위한 미국 협회 (AALAS)에 의해 설정된 수의 기준을 충족 하버드 의과 대학에서 기관 동물 관리 및 사용위원회 (IACUC)에 따라 엄격한 검토 및 지침에 따라 실시 하였다. 공동 주택을 통해 박테리아의 1 수평 전송 (옵션) <ol><li> 식품 모두 멸균 된 물을 사용하여 멸균 일회용 케이지를 조립하는 동안 (무균 마우스를 사용하는 경우 특히) 외인성 오염을 최소화하기 위...

<ol>
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W., Brandtzaeg, P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Tissue+distribution+of+lymphocytes+and+plasma+cells+and+the+role+of+the+gut.">Tissue distribution of lymphocytes and plasma cells and the role of the gut.</a> Trends Immunol. 29 (5), 206-208 (2008).</li><li>Surana, N. K., Kasper, D. L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+yin+yang+of+bacterial+polysaccharides:+lessons+learned+from+B.+fragilis+PSA.">The yin yang of bacterial polysaccharides: lessons learned from B. fragilis PSA.</a> Immunol Rev. 245 (1), 13-26 (2012).</li><li>Surana, N. K., Kasper, D. 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J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Gut-residing+segmented+filamentous+bacteria+drive+autoimmune+arthritis+via+T+helper+17+cells.">Gut-residing segmented filamentous bacteria drive autoimmune arthritis via T helper 17 cells.</a> Immunity. 32 (6), 815-827 (2010).</li><li>Goodyear, A. W., Kumar, A., Dow, S., Ryan, E. P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Optimization+of+murine+small+intestine+leukocyte+isolation+for+global+immune+phenotype+analysis.">Optimization of murine small intestine leukocyte isolation for global immune phenotype analysis.</a> J Immunol Methods. 405, 97-108 (2014).</li><li>Chung, H., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Gut+immune+maturation+depends+on+colonization+with+a+host-specific+microbiota.">Gut immune maturation depends on colonization with a host-specific microbiota.</a> Cell. 149 (7), 1578-1593 (2012).</li><li>Resendiz-Albor, A. 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우리는 분리를위한 프로토콜을 제시하고 보호 프로파일의 LPLS, IELs 및 림프구를 포함한 작은 장 림프구의 세포 계측 특성 흐름. 미생물의 변화가 작은 창자의 면역 체계에 미치는 영향을 평가에 관심있는 경우, 우리는 세부 사항 다른 microbiotas을 품고 마우스와 생물의 수평 전송에 관련된 간단한 단계. 이 프로토콜은 소장에 초점을 맞추고 있지만, 순서는 오직 차이가없는 프로파일 제거되지한다 (...

소장의 주요 작업은 종종 영양 (1)의 분해 흡수가되는 것으로 간주된다. 대사 기능이 명확 필수적이지만, 소장의 루멘 내에있는 환경이 항원의 연속 사격으로부터 숙주를 보호 동등하게 중요한 역할을한다. 장내 외부 세계를 분리 (예., 내강 항원) 단일 전지 층 두께 상피 층 호스트의 내부 환경에서. 이와 같이, 작은 창자의 면역 시스템은 침입 병원균에 대한 강력한 대응을 설치하는 동안 최소한의와 점막을 입력식이 요법과 공생 미생물에서 외국 항원을 수있는 경우, 면역 반응을 반응성에 대한 임계 값을 균형의 강력한 작업이 다른 &quot;유해한&quot;항원. 이러한 항원에 대한 과도하거나 부적절한 면역 반응은 (병리학 적 질환으로 이어질 수 있습니다 예를 들어,., inflamma토리 장 질환, I 형 당뇨병, 다발성 경화증)과 3-6을 피해야한다. 전반적으로, 위장관 모든 항체 - 분비 세포 (7)의 70 % 이상 함유, 신체에서 가장 큰 면역 기관을 나타낼 것으로 생각된다. 고유 판 (LP)에서, 상피내 층 및 파이어 패치 (PPS) - - 작은 장 면역 체계는 3 개 주요 구획으로 구성되어 각각이 림프구의 독특한 그룹을 포함하는 것이다. LP에서 림프구 (LPLS)은 ~ 20 %의 B 세포 주로 TCRαβ + T 세포이고; 상피내 림프구 (IELs)는 TCRαβ + T 세포보다 TCRγδ + T 세포와 B 극소수의 셀을 포함하고; 그리고 작은 창자 벽에 내장 된 차 림프 기관이다 보호 프로파일은 ~ 8​​0 %의 B 세포가 포함되어 있습니다. 이러한 해부학 적 영역의 각이 약간 별개의 기능과 존재 론적 기반을 가지고 있지만, 그들은에서 작동 아armonized 패션 병원성 모욕에서 호스트를 보호 할 수 있습니다. 또한, 미생물은 특정 미생물, 특히 세포 계통 8,9의 개체 발생의 동족 관계의 인식이 증가함에 따라 장 면역계의 개발을위한 중요한 결정이라고 성장 하락이있다. 또한, 장 면역계의 교육 해부학 먼 부위에 대한 면역 반응에 영향을 미치는 것으로 특정 (예., 관절염, 다발성 경화증, 폐렴), 그 이전에 10 인식보다는 장 면역계의 개발은 더욱 질병 과정에 중요한 것으로 명백 해졌다 -12. 이와 같이 정량적으로 장내 면역 체계를 평가에 대한 관심이 지금 호스트 공생 상호 작용과 많은 전신 질환의 발병도를 포함하는 호스트 병원체 상호 작용 이상으로 확장했다. 현재 방법의 가변성을 감안장내 림프구 분리, 필요한 시간 밸런싱 점점 중요하면서 수율 가능성 및 일관성을 최적화하는 방법. 퍼콜 구배를 포함 프로토콜, 시간과 노동 집약적과 인간의 오류 가능성이 더 많은 경향이 변수 수율로 이어지는 13을 생존. 여기서, 우리는 3 작은 창자의 면역 구획에서 림프구의 분리 및 특성에 최적화 된 프로토콜을 제공합니다. 또한, 점막 면역 체계에서 미생물에 의한 변화에 주어진 관심이 높아지고, 우리는 이러한 변화가 정량적으로 장내 면역 체계에 미치는 영향을 평가하기 위해 마우스와 미생물의 수평 전송을 허용하는 데 사용할 수있는 단계를 포함한다.

<table>
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>Sterile Gloves</td>
			<td>Kimberly-Clark</td>
			<td>555092</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>sterile mouse cage</td>
			<td>Innovive</td>
			<td>MS2-AD</td>
			<td>contains lid, cage bottom, and alpha-dri bedding</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>metal feeder</td>
			<td>Innovive</td>
			<td>M-FEED</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>water bottle</td>
			<td>Innovive</td>
			<td>M-WB-300</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>card holder</td>
			<td>Innovive</td>
			<td>CRD-HLD-H</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>autoclavable rodent chow (NIH-31M)</td>
			<td>Zeigler</td>
			<td>4131207530</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>RPMI medium 1640</td>
			<td>Gibco</td>
			<td>11875-119</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>dithiothreitol (DTT)</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>D5545-5G</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>0.5 M EDTA (pH 8.0)</td>
			<td>Ambion</td>
			<td>AM9262</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>fetal bovine serum (FBS)</td>
			<td>GemBio</td>
			<td>100-510</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>dispase II</td>
			<td>Invitrogen</td>
			<td>17105-041</td>
			<td>the concentration in the protocol is based on an activity level of 1.878 U/mg</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>collagenase, type II&#160;</td>
			<td>Invitrogen</td>
			<td>17101-015</td>
			<td>the concentration in the protocol is based on an activity level of 245 U/mg</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>dissecting scissors</td>
			<td>Roboz</td>
			<td>RS-5882</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>feeding needle (18 G, 2&#34; length)</td>
			<td>Roboz</td>
			<td>FN-7905</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>10 ml syringe</td>
			<td>BD</td>
			<td>305482</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>PBS</td>
			<td>Gibco</td>
			<td>14190-250</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Disposable Scalpel (15 blade)</td>
			<td>Miltex</td>
			<td>4-415</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>curved forceps</td>
			<td>Roboz</td>
			<td>RS-5211</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>straight forceps</td>
			<td>Roboz</td>
			<td>RS-5132</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>multi-purpose cups, 120 ml</td>
			<td>VWR</td>
			<td>89009-662</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>stir bar</td>
			<td>VWR</td>
			<td>58949-062</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>multi-position stir plate, 9-position</td>
			<td>VWR</td>
			<td>12621-048</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>stainless steel conical strainer, 3 inch&#160;</td>
			<td>RSVP</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>1.5 ml tube</td>
			<td>Eppendorf</td>
			<td>0030 125.150</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>100 &#956;m cell strainer</td>
			<td>Falcon</td>
			<td>08-771-19</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>40 &#956;m cell strainer</td>
			<td>Falcon</td>
			<td>08-771-1</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>50 mL conical tube</td>
			<td>Falcon</td>
			<td>352098</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>1 ml syringe</td>
			<td>BD</td>
			<td>309659</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>96-well plate, round-bottom</td>
			<td>Corning</td>
			<td>3799</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>anti-mouse CD16/32 (Fc block)</td>
			<td>Biolegend</td>
			<td>101320</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>(optional) fixable viability dye eFluor 780</td>
			<td>eBiosciences</td>
			<td>65-0865-18</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>10% formalin, neutral buffered</td>
			<td>Thermo Scientific</td>
			<td>5725</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

isolation and flow cytometric characterization of murine small intestinal lymphocytes

창자 - 신체의 모든 장기의 면역 세포의 최대 개수를 포함 - 끊임없이 외래 항원, 미생물 및식이 모두 노출된다. 소장은 전신 질환의 숫자에 중요한 내에서 이러한 내강 항원이 면역 반응과 면역 세포의 교육을 형성하는 데 도움 것을 증가 이해 감안할 때, 장내 면역 체계의 특성에 대한 관심이 증가하고있다. 그러나, 많은 문서 프로토콜 힘들고 시간 소모적이다. 우리는 빠른 재현하고 힘든 퍼콜 구배를 필요로하지 않는 소형 장내 점막 고유 층, 상피내 층 및 파이어 패치에서 림프구 분리 여기 간단한 프로토콜을 제시한다. 프로토콜 소장에 초점을 맞추고 있지만, 또한 결장의 분석에 적합하다. 또한, 우리는 특정 과학 QUES에 따라 추가 최적화를해야 할 몇 가지 측면을 강조기. 이 방법은이어서 유세포 분석 또는 특성화의 대체 수단을 사용할 수 림프구 가능한 다수의 분리가 발생.

비장 (도 1a 및도 1b)와 같은 유사한 순방향 및 측면 산란 특성을 갖는 세포 분리 집단을 수득한다 작은 창자 림프구의 단일 세포 현탁액의 세포 계측 분석을 흐른다. 조직은 분리의 초기 단계에서 4 ℃로 유지되지 않은 경우, 림프구는 하부 전방 산란을 갖는 다른 상피 죽은 세포로부터 분리하기 어렵 인 림프구 집단에서 얻어진 다이 시작할 수있다 (도 1C)...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Isolation and Flow Cytometric Characterization of Murine Small Intestinal Lymphocytes at JoVE.com

Isolation and Flow Cytometric Characterization of Murine Small Intestinal Lymphocytes

There is growing interest in the quantitative characterization of intestinal lymphocytes owing to increasing recognition that these cells play a critical role in a variety of intestinal and systemic diseases. In this protocol, we describe how to isolate single cell populations from different small-intestinal compartments for subsequent flow cytometric characterization.

쥐 소장 림프구의 분리 및 유세포 특성

The intestines &#8212; which contain the largest number of immune cells of any organ in the body &#8212; are constantly exposed to foreign antigens, both ...

The overall goal of this procedure is to isolate single cell populations from different small intestinal compartments that can subsequently be used for flow cytometric analysis or an alternate means of characterization. This method can help answer key questions in mucosal immunology such as how the microbiota impacts the development of the intestinal immune system. The main advantages of this technique are that they are rapid, reproducible and don't require laborious percoll gradients.To begin this procedure, place the mouse dorsal side down and spray the abdomen with 70 percent ethanol, perform a laparotomy by sequentially cutting the skin and then peritoneal fascia along the ventral midline from the pubic symphysis to the xiphoid process, thus exposing the peritoneal cavity. Next, separate the small intestine from the stomach by transecting the pyloric sphincter. Gently remove the small intestine from the peritoneum and tease away the mesenteric fat.To fully remove the small intestine, make a second cut at the ileocecal junction. Place the isolated small intestine into four degree Celsius RPMI medium containing 10 percent FBS to maximize the cell viability. Gently remove large pieces of fat using curved forceps and use caution to avoid tearing the intestinal tissue itself during the process.To remove the intestinal contents, cannulate the proximal end of the small intestine with an 18 gauge feeding needle affixed to a syringe and gently flush the intestine with 15 to 20 milliliters of cold PBS. Use scissors to excise Peyer's Patches which are located on the antimesenteric side of the small intestine and appear as a multilobulated white mass. Then, place them into cold RPMI medium containing five percent FBS.Next, cut the small intestine into three to four inch segments, remove the residual fat by rolling each small intestinal segment on a paper towel moistened with RPMI and use a dull scalpel to tease the fat away from the tissue. Paying strict attention to the complete removal of mesenteric fat is critical to ensuring the viability of lymphocytes as even minute pieces of fat can cause cells to die. After that, turn the tissue inside out by cannulating the intestinal segments with curved forceps and grasping the distal end of the tissue, then use a pair of straight forceps to gently remove the tissue segment from the proximal end, resulting in the tissue being inverted.Place the tissue segments in a cup containing 30 milliliters of extraction media and a stir bar. Secure the lid on the cap and stir for 15 minutes at 37 degrees Celsius. Stirring should be vigorous, but not turbulent.After 15 minutes, use a steel strainer to separate the tissue pieces from the epithelium containing supernatant which should appear cloudy. Manually agitate the tissue pieces in RPMI medium to wash away the residual extraction media. Then, place the tissue on a dry paper towel, and flip it several times to facilitate the removal of residual mucous that was not liberated by the extraction medium.Subsequently, place the tissue fragments in a one point five milliliter tube with 600 microliters of digestion medium. Mince the tissue until the pieces no longer stick to the scissors and the solution appears homogenous. This step is critical to ensure complete enzymatic digestion of the tissue.Mincing the tissue until the pieces no longer stick to the scissors and the solution appears homogeneous are critical to ensuring cellular yield as well as ensuring reproducibility of results. Add the minced small intestine to a cup containing 25 milliliters of digestion media and stir for 30 minutes at 37 degrees Celsius. Halfway through the digestion, pipe it up and down with a serological pipette to help break down any large chunks of tissue.Next, filter the digestive tissue through a 100 micrometer cell strainer into a 15 milliliter tube. Rinse the strainer with 20 milliliters of RPMI medium containing 10 percent FBS. Afterward, centrifuge the filtered solution for 10 minutes at four degrees Celsius.Carefully decant the supernatant and re-suspend the pellet in one milliliter of RPMI medium containing 10 percent FBS. Filter the re-suspended cells through a 40 micrometer cell strainer into a 15 milliliter tube. Rinse the strainer with 20 milliliters of RPMI containing 10 percent FBS.Subsequently, centrifuge the filtered solution for 10 minutes at four degrees Celsius. Carefully decant the supernatant and re-suspend the pellet in one milliliter of RPMI medium, containing two percent FBS. In this procedure, transfer the excised Peyer's Patches to a cup with 25 milliliters of digestion media and a stir bar.Secure the lid and spin for 10 minutes at 37 degrees Celsius. Afterward, filter the digested Peyer's Patches through a 40 micrometer cell strainer into a 15 milliliter tube. If any clumps remain, press them through the strainer using the flat end of the plunger from a one milliliter syringe.Then, rinse the strainer with 10 milliliters of RPMI medium, containing 10 percent FBS. Centrifuge the filtered solution for 10 minutes at four degrees Celsius. Then, carefully decant the supernatant and re-suspend the pellet in one milliliter of RPMI medium containing two percent FBS.Flow cytometric analysis of single cell suspensions of small intestinal lymphocytes, should yield a discreet population of cells that have similar forward and side scatter characteristics as splenocytes. The lymphocytes may began to die if the tissue is not maintained at four degrees Celsius during the initial stages of the isolation, resulting in the lymphocyte population having a lower forward scatter and being more difficult to separate from other epithelial and dead cells. Moreover, if the mesenteric fat is not completely removed from the small intestinal tissue, there will be a virtually complete loss of lymphocytes.Typically, an 80 percent viability for small intestinal LP lymphocytes is obtained. Once mastered, one can process four mice and have single cell suspensions ready for staining in less than four hours. During this procedure, it's important to completely remove all mesenteric fat and to mince the tissue well to ensure complete digestion.Following this procedure, single cell suspensions can be used for purposes other than flow cytometry, such as en vitro experiments, gene expression analysis or adoptive transfer to further characterize the function of these cells. After its development, this technique paved the way for researchers in mucosal immunology to explore the ontogeny and functional implications of the intestinal immune system in mice. After watching this video, you should have a good understanding of how to isolate single cell suspensions from different small intestinal compartments, by cleaning the mesenteric fat, extracting the epithelial layer, and digesting the tissue with collagenase.

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