Name: isolation and flow cytometric characterization of murine small intestinal lymphocytes
Uploaded: 2016-05-08T15:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Isolation and Flow Cytometric Characterization of Murine Small Intestinal Lymphocytes at JoVE.com

NKS is supported by NIH award K08 AI108690.

Se llevaron a cabo todos los estudios que se examina y las directrices estrictas de acuerdo con el Comité Institucional de Cuidado de Animales y el empleo (IACUC) de la Facultad de Medicina de Harvard, que cumple con los estándares veterinarios establecidos por la American Association for Laboratory Animal Science (AALAS). 1. Horizontal transmisión de bacterias a través de co-vivienda (Opcional) <ol><li> Para minimizar la contaminación exógena (sobre todo si el uso de ratones gnotobióticos), practicar u...

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W., Brandtzaeg, P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Tissue+distribution+of+lymphocytes+and+plasma+cells+and+the+role+of+the+gut.">Tissue distribution of lymphocytes and plasma cells and the role of the gut.</a> Trends Immunol. 29 (5), 206-208 (2008).</li><li>Surana, N. K., Kasper, D. L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+yin+yang+of+bacterial+polysaccharides:+lessons+learned+from+B.+fragilis+PSA.">The yin yang of bacterial polysaccharides: lessons learned from B. fragilis PSA.</a> Immunol Rev. 245 (1), 13-26 (2012).</li><li>Surana, N. K., Kasper, D. L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Deciphering+the+tete-a-tete+between+the+microbiota+and+the+immune+system.">Deciphering the tete-a-tete between the microbiota and the immune system.</a> J Clin Invest. 124 (10), 4197-4203 (2014).</li><li>Gauguet, S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Intestinal+microbiota+of+mice+influences+resistance+to+Staphylococcus+aureus+pneumonia.">Intestinal microbiota of mice influences resistance to Staphylococcus aureus pneumonia.</a> Infect Immun. , (2015).</li><li>Ochoa-Reparaz, J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+polysaccharide+from+the+human+commensal+Bacteroides+fragilis+protects+against+CNS+demyelinating+disease.">A polysaccharide from the human commensal Bacteroides fragilis protects against CNS demyelinating disease.</a> Mucosal Immunol. 3 (5), 487-495 (2010).</li><li>Wu, H. J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Gut-residing+segmented+filamentous+bacteria+drive+autoimmune+arthritis+via+T+helper+17+cells.">Gut-residing segmented filamentous bacteria drive autoimmune arthritis via T helper 17 cells.</a> Immunity. 32 (6), 815-827 (2010).</li><li>Goodyear, A. W., Kumar, A., Dow, S., Ryan, E. P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Optimization+of+murine+small+intestine+leukocyte+isolation+for+global+immune+phenotype+analysis.">Optimization of murine small intestine leukocyte isolation for global immune phenotype analysis.</a> J Immunol Methods. 405, 97-108 (2014).</li><li>Chung, H., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Gut+immune+maturation+depends+on+colonization+with+a+host-specific+microbiota.">Gut immune maturation depends on colonization with a host-specific microbiota.</a> Cell. 149 (7), 1578-1593 (2012).</li><li>Resendiz-Albor, A. A., Esquivel, R., Lopez-Revilla, R., Verdin, L., Moreno-Fierros, L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Striking+phenotypic+and+functional+differences+in+lamina+propria+lymphocytes+from+the+large+and+small+intestine+of+mice.">Striking phenotypic and functional differences in lamina propria lymphocytes from the large and small intestine of mice.</a> Life Sci. 76 (24), 2783-2803 (2005).</li><li>Carrasco, A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Comparison+of+lymphocyte+isolation+methods+for+endoscopic+biopsy+specimens+from+the+colonic+mucosa.">Comparison of lymphocyte isolation methods for endoscopic biopsy specimens from the colonic mucosa.</a> J Immunol Methods. 389 (1-2), 29-37 (2013).</li><li>Van Damme, N., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Chemical+agents+and+enzymes+used+for+the+extraction+of+gut+lymphocytes+influence+flow+cytometric+detection+of+T+cell+surface+markers.">Chemical agents and enzymes used for the extraction of gut lymphocytes influence flow cytometric detection of T cell surface markers.</a> J Immunol Methods. 236 (1-2), 27-35 (2000).</li></ol>

Se presenta un protocolo para el aislamiento y caracterización de citometría de los linfocitos del intestino delgado, incluyendo la LPL va a componer, y linfocitos en el PP de flujo. Para los interesados ​​en la evaluación de cómo los cambios en la microbiota afectan el sistema inmunológico del intestino delgado, se detallan los pasos sencillos que intervienen en la transmisión horizontal de organismos entre los ratones que albergan diferentes microorganismos involucrados. Aunque este protocolo se centra en el...

La tarea principal del intestino delgado es a menudo considerada como la digestión y absorción de nutrientes 1. Si bien esta función metabólica es claramente esencial, el intestino delgado tiene un papel igualmente importante en la protección del huésped de la descarga continua de antígenos ambientales que se encuentran dentro de la luz 2. El tracto intestinal separa el mundo exterior (por ejemplo., Antígenos luminales) de el ambiente interno del huésped con una capa epitelial que es sólo una única capa de células de espesor. Como tal, el sistema inmunitario del intestino delgado tiene el formidable tarea de equilibrar su umbral para la reactividad, lo que permite antígenos extraños de la dieta y comensales microbios para entrar en la mucosa con un mínimo, en su caso, la respuesta inmune mientras que el montaje de una respuesta sólida contra la invasión de patógenos y otros antígenos &quot;perjudiciales&quot;. Las respuestas inmunitarias excesivas o inapropiadas a estos antígenos pueden conducir a la enfermedad patológica (por ejemplo., Inflammaenfermedad toria del intestino, diabetes tipo I, esclerosis múltiple) y debe evitarse 3-6. En general, se considera que el tracto gastrointestinal para representar el órgano más grande inmune en el cuerpo, que contiene más de 70% de todas las células 7 que secretan anticuerpo. El sistema inmunitario del intestino delgado se compone de 3 compartimentos principales - la lámina propia (LP), la capa intraepitelial, y parches de Peyer (PP) - que cada uno contiene un grupo distintivo de linfocitos 2. Los linfocitos LP (LPLS) son principalmente las células T TCRαβ con células ~ 20% de B; linfocitos intraepiteliales (IEL) contienen muy pocas células B con más células T que TCRγδ + células T TCRαβ; y PP, que son los órganos linfoides secundarios incrustados en la pared del intestino delgado, contienen células B ~ 80%. Aunque cada una de estas regiones anatómicas tiene funciones ligeramente distintas y bases ontológicas, que funcionará de ahmoda armonized para proteger al huésped de insultos patógenos. Por otra parte, existe un creciente reconocimiento de que la microbiota es un determinante crítico para el desarrollo del sistema inmune intestinal, con un creciente reconocimiento de la relación entre los microbios específicos afines y la ontogenia de determinados linajes celulares 8,9. Además, dado que la educación del sistema inmunitario intestinal afecta a las respuestas inmunes en sitios anatómicamente distantes (por ejemplo., La artritis, la esclerosis múltiple, neumonía), se ha hecho evidente que el desarrollo del sistema inmunitario intestinal es relevante para más procesos de la enfermedad de reconocido previamente 10 -12. Como tal, el interés en evaluar cuantitativamente el sistema inmune intestinal ha extendido más allá de las interacciones huésped-patógeno para incluir ahora la interacción huésped-comensal y la patogénesis de muchas enfermedades sistémicas así. Dada la variabilidad de los métodos actuales de laaislamiento de los linfocitos intestinales, un método que se ha optimizado para el rendimiento, la viabilidad, y la consistencia y equilibrar el tiempo requerido es cada vez más crítica. Protocolos que involucran gradientes de Percoll son el tiempo y mano de obra intensiva y potencialmente más propenso a un error humano, dando lugar a un rendimiento variable de 13 y viabilidad. En este documento, se proporciona un protocolo optimizado para el aislamiento y caracterización de linfocitos de los 3 compartimentos inmunes del intestino delgado. Además, dado el aumento de interés en alteraciones de microbios inducida en el sistema inmune de la mucosa, que incluye pasos que se pueden utilizar para permitir la transmisión horizontal de microorganismos entre los ratones para evaluar cómo estos cambios afectan cuantitativamente el sistema inmunitario intestinal.

<table>
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>Sterile Gloves</td>
			<td>Kimberly-Clark</td>
			<td>555092</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>sterile mouse cage</td>
			<td>Innovive</td>
			<td>MS2-AD</td>
			<td>contains lid, cage bottom, and alpha-dri bedding</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>metal feeder</td>
			<td>Innovive</td>
			<td>M-FEED</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>water bottle</td>
			<td>Innovive</td>
			<td>M-WB-300</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>card holder</td>
			<td>Innovive</td>
			<td>CRD-HLD-H</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>autoclavable rodent chow (NIH-31M)</td>
			<td>Zeigler</td>
			<td>4131207530</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>RPMI medium 1640</td>
			<td>Gibco</td>
			<td>11875-119</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>dithiothreitol (DTT)</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>D5545-5G</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>0.5 M EDTA (pH 8.0)</td>
			<td>Ambion</td>
			<td>AM9262</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>fetal bovine serum (FBS)</td>
			<td>GemBio</td>
			<td>100-510</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>dispase II</td>
			<td>Invitrogen</td>
			<td>17105-041</td>
			<td>the concentration in the protocol is based on an activity level of 1.878 U/mg</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>collagenase, type II&#160;</td>
			<td>Invitrogen</td>
			<td>17101-015</td>
			<td>the concentration in the protocol is based on an activity level of 245 U/mg</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>dissecting scissors</td>
			<td>Roboz</td>
			<td>RS-5882</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>feeding needle (18 G, 2&#34; length)</td>
			<td>Roboz</td>
			<td>FN-7905</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>10 ml syringe</td>
			<td>BD</td>
			<td>305482</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>PBS</td>
			<td>Gibco</td>
			<td>14190-250</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Disposable Scalpel (15 blade)</td>
			<td>Miltex</td>
			<td>4-415</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>curved forceps</td>
			<td>Roboz</td>
			<td>RS-5211</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>straight forceps</td>
			<td>Roboz</td>
			<td>RS-5132</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>multi-purpose cups, 120 ml</td>
			<td>VWR</td>
			<td>89009-662</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>stir bar</td>
			<td>VWR</td>
			<td>58949-062</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>multi-position stir plate, 9-position</td>
			<td>VWR</td>
			<td>12621-048</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>stainless steel conical strainer, 3 inch&#160;</td>
			<td>RSVP</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>1.5 ml tube</td>
			<td>Eppendorf</td>
			<td>0030 125.150</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>100 &#956;m cell strainer</td>
			<td>Falcon</td>
			<td>08-771-19</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>40 &#956;m cell strainer</td>
			<td>Falcon</td>
			<td>08-771-1</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>50 mL conical tube</td>
			<td>Falcon</td>
			<td>352098</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>1 ml syringe</td>
			<td>BD</td>
			<td>309659</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>96-well plate, round-bottom</td>
			<td>Corning</td>
			<td>3799</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>anti-mouse CD16/32 (Fc block)</td>
			<td>Biolegend</td>
			<td>101320</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>(optional) fixable viability dye eFluor 780</td>
			<td>eBiosciences</td>
			<td>65-0865-18</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>10% formalin, neutral buffered</td>
			<td>Thermo Scientific</td>
			<td>5725</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

isolation and flow cytometric characterization of murine small intestinal lymphocytes

Los intestinos - que contienen el mayor número de células inmunes de cualquier órgano en el cuerpo - están constantemente expuestos a antígenos extraños, tanto microbiana y la dieta. Dada la comprensión creciente de que estos antígenos luminales ayudan a dar forma a la respuesta inmune y que la educación de las células inmunes en el intestino es crítica para un número de enfermedades sistémicas, se ha aumentado el interés en la caracterización del sistema inmunitario intestinal. Sin embargo, muchos protocolos publicados son arduo y que consume tiempo. Presentamos aquí un protocolo simplificado para el aislamiento de linfocitos de la propria del intestino delgado lámina, capa intraepitelial, y las placas de Peyer que es rápido, reproducible, y no requiere gradientes de Percoll laboriosas. Aunque el protocolo se centra en el intestino delgado, también es adecuado para el análisis de los dos puntos. Por otra parte, se destacan algunos aspectos que pueden necesitar una optimización adicional en función del ques científica específicación. Este enfoque da como resultado el aislamiento de un gran número de linfocitos viables que posteriormente se pueden utilizar para el análisis de citometría de flujo o medios alternativos de caracterización.

Análisis citométrico de flujo suspensiones de células individuales de linfocitos pequeños intestinal debe producir una discreta población de células que tienen similares dispersión frontal y lateral características como esplenocitos (Figuras 1A y 1B). Los linfocitos pueden comenzar a morir si el tejido no se mantiene a 4 ° C durante las etapas iniciales del aislamiento, lo que resulta en la población de linfocitos que tiene una dispersión frontal inferior y se...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Isolation and Flow Cytometric Characterization of Murine Small Intestinal Lymphocytes at JoVE.com

Isolation and Flow Cytometric Characterization of Murine Small Intestinal Lymphocytes

There is growing interest in the quantitative characterization of intestinal lymphocytes owing to increasing recognition that these cells play a critical role in a variety of intestinal and systemic diseases. In this protocol, we describe how to isolate single cell populations from different small-intestinal compartments for subsequent flow cytometric characterization.

El aislamiento y la citometría de flujo Caracterización de murino Small intestinal linfocitos

The intestines &#8212; which contain the largest number of immune cells of any organ in the body &#8212; are constantly exposed to foreign antigens, both ...

The overall goal of this procedure is to isolate single cell populations from different small intestinal compartments that can subsequently be used for flow cytometric analysis or an alternate means of characterization. This method can help answer key questions in mucosal immunology such as how the microbiota impacts the development of the intestinal immune system. The main advantages of this technique are that they are rapid, reproducible and don't require laborious percoll gradients.To begin this procedure, place the mouse dorsal side down and spray the abdomen with 70 percent ethanol, perform a laparotomy by sequentially cutting the skin and then peritoneal fascia along the ventral midline from the pubic symphysis to the xiphoid process, thus exposing the peritoneal cavity. Next, separate the small intestine from the stomach by transecting the pyloric sphincter. Gently remove the small intestine from the peritoneum and tease away the mesenteric fat.To fully remove the small intestine, make a second cut at the ileocecal junction. Place the isolated small intestine into four degree Celsius RPMI medium containing 10 percent FBS to maximize the cell viability. Gently remove large pieces of fat using curved forceps and use caution to avoid tearing the intestinal tissue itself during the process.To remove the intestinal contents, cannulate the proximal end of the small intestine with an 18 gauge feeding needle affixed to a syringe and gently flush the intestine with 15 to 20 milliliters of cold PBS. Use scissors to excise Peyer's Patches which are located on the antimesenteric side of the small intestine and appear as a multilobulated white mass. Then, place them into cold RPMI medium containing five percent FBS.Next, cut the small intestine into three to four inch segments, remove the residual fat by rolling each small intestinal segment on a paper towel moistened with RPMI and use a dull scalpel to tease the fat away from the tissue. Paying strict attention to the complete removal of mesenteric fat is critical to ensuring the viability of lymphocytes as even minute pieces of fat can cause cells to die. After that, turn the tissue inside out by cannulating the intestinal segments with curved forceps and grasping the distal end of the tissue, then use a pair of straight forceps to gently remove the tissue segment from the proximal end, resulting in the tissue being inverted.Place the tissue segments in a cup containing 30 milliliters of extraction media and a stir bar. Secure the lid on the cap and stir for 15 minutes at 37 degrees Celsius. Stirring should be vigorous, but not turbulent.After 15 minutes, use a steel strainer to separate the tissue pieces from the epithelium containing supernatant which should appear cloudy. Manually agitate the tissue pieces in RPMI medium to wash away the residual extraction media. Then, place the tissue on a dry paper towel, and flip it several times to facilitate the removal of residual mucous that was not liberated by the extraction medium.Subsequently, place the tissue fragments in a one point five milliliter tube with 600 microliters of digestion medium. Mince the tissue until the pieces no longer stick to the scissors and the solution appears homogenous. This step is critical to ensure complete enzymatic digestion of the tissue.Mincing the tissue until the pieces no longer stick to the scissors and the solution appears homogeneous are critical to ensuring cellular yield as well as ensuring reproducibility of results. Add the minced small intestine to a cup containing 25 milliliters of digestion media and stir for 30 minutes at 37 degrees Celsius. Halfway through the digestion, pipe it up and down with a serological pipette to help break down any large chunks of tissue.Next, filter the digestive tissue through a 100 micrometer cell strainer into a 15 milliliter tube. Rinse the strainer with 20 milliliters of RPMI medium containing 10 percent FBS. Afterward, centrifuge the filtered solution for 10 minutes at four degrees Celsius.Carefully decant the supernatant and re-suspend the pellet in one milliliter of RPMI medium containing 10 percent FBS. Filter the re-suspended cells through a 40 micrometer cell strainer into a 15 milliliter tube. Rinse the strainer with 20 milliliters of RPMI containing 10 percent FBS.Subsequently, centrifuge the filtered solution for 10 minutes at four degrees Celsius. Carefully decant the supernatant and re-suspend the pellet in one milliliter of RPMI medium, containing two percent FBS. In this procedure, transfer the excised Peyer's Patches to a cup with 25 milliliters of digestion media and a stir bar.Secure the lid and spin for 10 minutes at 37 degrees Celsius. Afterward, filter the digested Peyer's Patches through a 40 micrometer cell strainer into a 15 milliliter tube. If any clumps remain, press them through the strainer using the flat end of the plunger from a one milliliter syringe.Then, rinse the strainer with 10 milliliters of RPMI medium, containing 10 percent FBS. Centrifuge the filtered solution for 10 minutes at four degrees Celsius. Then, carefully decant the supernatant and re-suspend the pellet in one milliliter of RPMI medium containing two percent FBS.Flow cytometric analysis of single cell suspensions of small intestinal lymphocytes, should yield a discreet population of cells that have similar forward and side scatter characteristics as splenocytes. The lymphocytes may began to die if the tissue is not maintained at four degrees Celsius during the initial stages of the isolation, resulting in the lymphocyte population having a lower forward scatter and being more difficult to separate from other epithelial and dead cells. Moreover, if the mesenteric fat is not completely removed from the small intestinal tissue, there will be a virtually complete loss of lymphocytes.Typically, an 80 percent viability for small intestinal LP lymphocytes is obtained. Once mastered, one can process four mice and have single cell suspensions ready for staining in less than four hours. During this procedure, it's important to completely remove all mesenteric fat and to mince the tissue well to ensure complete digestion.Following this procedure, single cell suspensions can be used for purposes other than flow cytometry, such as en vitro experiments, gene expression analysis or adoptive transfer to further characterize the function of these cells. After its development, this technique paved the way for researchers in mucosal immunology to explore the ontogeny and functional implications of the intestinal immune system in mice. After watching this video, you should have a good understanding of how to isolate single cell suspensions from different small intestinal compartments, by cleaning the mesenteric fat, extracting the epithelial layer, and digesting the tissue with collagenase.

Research

JoVE Journal

Immunology and Infection

Flow Cytometric Isolation of Primary Murine Type II Alveolar Epithelial Cells for Functional and Molecular Studies

Citometría de flujo El aislamiento de células primarias murino tipo II alveolares epiteliales de Estudios funcionales y moleculares

Throughout  the last years, the contribution of alveolar type II epithelial cells (AECII)  to various aspects of immune regulation in the lung has been ...

Investigación

Inmunología e Infección

Isolation of Lymphocytes from Mouse Genital Tract Mucosa

Aislamiento de linfocitos de ratón del tracto genital Mucosa

Mucosal surfaces, including in the gastrointestinal, urogenital, and respiratory tracts, provide portals of entry for pathogens, such as viruses and ...

Isolation and Th17 Differentiation of Na&iuml;ve CD4 T Lymphocytes

Isolation and Th17 Differentiation of Na&#239;ve CD4 T Lymphocytes

Aislamiento y diferenciación de Th17 Naïve linfocitos T CD4

Th17 cells are a distinct subset of T cells that have been found to produce interleukin 17 (IL-17), and differ in function from the other T cell subsets ...

Isolation and Flow Cytometric Analysis of Immune Cells from the Ischemic Mouse Brain

Aislamiento y análisis de citometría de flujo de células inmunes del cerebro isquémico Ratón

Ischemic stroke initiates a robust inflammatory response that starts in the intravascular compartment and involves rapid activation of brain resident ...

Isolation and Flow Cytometric Analysis of Glioma-infiltrating Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells

El aislamiento y la citometría de flujo análisis de las células mononucleares de sangre periférica Glioma infiltrantes

Our laboratory has recently demonstrated that natural killer (NK) cells are capable of eradicating orthotopically implanted mouse GL26 and rat CNS-1 ...

Isolation and Activation of Murine Lymphocytes

Aislamiento y activación de los linfocitos murinos

B and T cells, with their extremely diverse antigen-receptor repertoires, have the ability to mount specific immune responses against almost any invading ...

Isolation and Flow Cytometric Analysis of Human Endocervical Gamma Delta T Cells

Aislamiento y Análisis de citometría de flujo, de Human endocervical Gamma Delta T Cells

The female reproductive tract (FRT) mucosal immune system serves as the first line of defense. Better knowledge of the genital mucosa is therefore ...

Isolating Lymphocytes from the Mouse Small Intestinal Immune System

Aislar los linfocitos desde el sistema de inmune Intestinal pequeño ratón

The intestinal immune system plays an essential role in maintaining the barrier function of the gastrointestinal tract by generating tolerant responses to ...

Isolation and In Vitro Culture of Murine and Human Alveolar Macrophages

Isolation and In Vitro Culture of Murine and Human Alveolar Macrophages

Aislamiento y cultivo In Vitro de los macrófagos alveolares murinos y humanos

Alveolar macrophages are terminally differentiated, lung-resident macrophages of prenatal origin. Alveolar macrophages are unique in their long life and ...

Digestion of the Murine Liver for a Flow Cytometric Analysis of Lymphatic Endothelial Cells

Digestión del hígado murino para el análisis cytometric del flujo de las células endoteliales linfáticas

Within the liver, lymphatic vessels are found within the portal triad, and their described function is to remove interstitial fluid from the liver to the ...