Name: fabrication of fully solution processed inorganic nanocrystal photovoltaic devices
Uploaded: 2016-07-08T15:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Fabrication of Fully Solution Processed Inorganic Nanocrystal Photovoltaic Devices at JoVE.com

The Office of Naval Research (ONR) is gratefully acknowledged for financial support. A portion of this work was conducted while Professor Townsend held a National Research Council (NRC) Postdoctoral Fellowship at the Naval Research Laboratory and is grateful for internal support from St. Mary's College of Maryland.

Bemærk: Kontakt venligst alle relevante materialer sikkerhedsdatablade (MSDS) før brug. Mange af de prækursorer løsninger og produkter er farlige eller kræftfremkaldende. Man bør rettes til nanomaterialer grundet unikke sikkerhedsproblemer, der opstår i forhold til deres bulk-modstykker. Korrekt beskyttelsesudstyr skal bæres (beskyttelsesbriller, ansigtsskærm, handsker, kittel, lange bukser og lukkede-tåede sko) på alle tidspunkter i løbet af denne procedure. 1. Syntese af nanokrys...

<ol>
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Sammenfattende denne protokol indeholder retningslinjer for de vigtigste skridt, der er involveret med at bygge en løsning behandlet elektronisk enhed fra en spray- eller spin-coating deposition. Her fremhæver vi nye metoder til løsning behandling gennemsigtige ledende indiumtinoxid (ITO) film over på ikke-ledende glas substrater. Efter en letkøbt ætsning procedure, kan de enkelte elektroder dannes før spray-deponering foto-aktive lag. Ved hjælp af en lag-på-lag-teknik, kan CdSe og CdTe nanokrystaller deponeres...

På grund af deres unikke nye egenskaber, har uorganiske nanocrystal trykfarver fundet anvendelser i en lang række elektroniske apparater, herunder solceller, 1 -. 6 lysdioder, 7, 8 kondensatorer 9 og transistorer 10 Dette skyldes kombinationen af den fremragende elektroniske og optiske egenskaber af uorganiske materialer og deres løsning kompatibilitet på nanoskala. Bulk uorganiske materialer er typisk ikke er opløselige og er derfor begrænset til høj temperatur, lavtryk vakuum nedlægninger. Men når de er tilberedt på nanoskala med en organisk ligand shell, disse materialer kan spredes i organiske opløsningsmidler og deponeret fra opløsningen (drop-, dip, spin-, spray coating). Denne frihed til at belægge store og uregelmæssige overflader med elektronisk udstyr reducerer omkostningerne til disse teknologier samtidig udvider mulige niche applikationer. 6, 11 </sup&gt;, 12 Løsning behandling af cadmium (II) (CdTe), cadmium (II) selenid (CdSe), cadmium (II) sulfid (CDS) og zinkoxid er (ZnO) uorganiske halvleder aktive lag førte til fotovoltaiske enheder nå effektivitetsgevinster (ƞ) for metal-CdTe Schottky krydset CdTe / Al (ƞ = 5,15%) 13, 14 og heterojunction CdS / CdTe (ƞ = 5,73%), 15 CdSe / CdTe (ƞ = 3,02%), 16, 17 ZnO / CdTe (ƞ = 7,1 %, 12%). 18, 19 i modsætning til vakuumaflejring af bulk CdTe enheder, skal disse nanocrystal film undergår ligandudveksling efter aflejring for at fjerne native og isolerende langkædede organiske ligander, som forbyder effektiv elektrontransport gennem filmen. Derudover sintring Cd- (S, Se, Te) skal ske under opvarmning i nærvær af et egnet salt katalysator. For nylig blev det found at ikke-toksisk ammoniumchlorid (NH4Cl) kan anvendes til dette formål som erstatning for den almindeligt anvendte cadmium (II) chlorid (CdCI2) 20 Ved at dyppe den deponerede nanokrystal film i NH4CI:. methanolopløsninger, liganden udbytningsreaktion forekommer samtidig med udsættelse for varme-aktiverede NH4Cl sintring katalysator. Disse fremstillede film er opvarmet lag-på-lag for at opbygge den ønskede tykkelse af de fotoaktive lag. 21 Nylige fremskridt i transparente, ledende film (metal nanowires, graphene, kulstofnanorør, forbrænding forarbejdet indiumtinoxid) og ledende metal nanocrystal trykfarver har ført til fremstillingen af fleksible eller buede elektronik bygget på vilkårlige ikke-ledende overflader. 22, 23 I denne præsentation udviser vi udarbejdelsen af ​​hver forløber blæk løsning, herunder de aktive lag (CdTe og CdSe nanokrystaller), den transleje ledende oxid elektrode (dvs. indium dopet tinoxid, ITO) og bagsiden metal kontakt til at konstruere en færdig uorganisk solcelle helt fra en opløsning proces. 24. Her fremhæver vi spray proces og enheden lag mønsterruller arkitekturer på ikke-ledende glas. Denne detaljerede video protokol er beregnet til at hjælpe forskere, der designe og bygge løsning forarbejdede solceller; imidlertid de samme teknikker beskrevet her kan anvendes til en lang række elektroniske apparater.

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="589">
	<tbody>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:204px;">Oleic acid, 90%</td>
			<td style="width:165px;">Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:115px;">364525</td>
			<td style="width:107px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:204px;">1-octadecene, 90%</td>
			<td style="width:165px;">Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:115px;">O806</td>
			<td style="width:107px;">Technical grade</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:204px;">Trioctylphosphine (TOP), 90%</td>
			<td style="width:165px;">Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:115px;">117854</td>
			<td style="width:107px;">Air sensitive</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="40">
			<td height="40" style="height:40px;width:204px;">Trimethylsilyl chloride, 99.9%</td>
			<td style="width:165px;">Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:115px;">92360</td>
			<td style="width:107px;">Air and water sensitive</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:204px;">Se, 99.5+%</td>
			<td style="width:165px;">Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:115px;">209651</td>
			<td style="width:107px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="24">
			<td height="24" style="height:24px;width:204px;">NH4Cl, 99%</td>
			<td style="width:165px;">Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:115px;">9718</td>
			<td style="width:107px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="24">
			<td height="24" style="height:24px;width:204px;">CdCl2, 99.9%</td>
			<td style="width:165px;">Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:115px;">202908</td>
			<td style="width:107px;">Highly toxic</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:204px;">CdO, 99.99%</td>
			<td style="width:165px;">Strem</td>
			<td style="width:115px;">202894</td>
			<td style="width:107px;">Highly toxic</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:204px;">Te, 99.8%</td>
			<td style="width:165px;">Strem</td>
			<td style="width:115px;">264865</td>
			<td style="width:107px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="25">
			<td height="25" style="height:25px;width:204px;">In(NO3)3.2.85H2O, 99.99%</td>
			<td style="width:165px;">Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:115px;">326127-50G</td>
			<td style="width:107px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="25">
			<td height="25" style="height:25px;width:204px;">SnCl2.2H2O, 99.9%</td>
			<td style="width:165px;">Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:115px;">431508</td>
			<td style="width:107px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="24">
			<td height="24" style="height:24px;width:204px;">NH4OH</td>
			<td style="width:165px;">Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:115px;">320145</td>
			<td style="width:107px;">Caustic</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="24">
			<td height="24" style="height:24px;width:204px;">NH4NO3, 99%</td>
			<td style="width:165px;">Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:115px;">A9642</td>
			<td style="width:107px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="25">
			<td height="25" style="height:25px;width:204px;">HAuCl4.3H2O, 99.9%</td>
			<td style="width:165px;">Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:115px;">520918</td>
			<td style="width:107px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="40">
			<td height="40" style="height:40px;width:204px;">Tetraoctylammonium bromide (TMA-Br)</td>
			<td style="width:165px;">Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:115px;">294136</td>
			<td style="width:107px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:204px;">Toluene, 99.8%</td>
			<td style="width:165px;">Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:115px;">244511</td>
			<td style="width:107px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:204px;">Hexanethiol, 95%</td>
			<td style="width:165px;">Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:115px;">234192</td>
			<td style="width:107px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="24">
			<td height="24" style="height:24px;width:204px;">NaBH4, 96%</td>
			<td style="width:165px;">Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:115px;">71320</td>
			<td style="width:107px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:204px;">Hexanes, 98.5%</td>
			<td style="width:165px;">Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:115px;">650544</td>
			<td style="width:107px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:204px;">Ethanol, 99.5%</td>
			<td style="width:165px;">Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:115px;">459844</td>
			<td style="width:107px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:204px;">Methanol, anhydrous, 99.8%</td>
			<td style="width:165px;">Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:115px;">322415</td>
			<td style="width:107px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:204px;">1-propanol, 99.5%</td>
			<td style="width:165px;">Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:115px;">402893</td>
			<td style="width:107px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:204px;">2-propanol, 99.5%</td>
			<td style="width:165px;">Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:115px;">278475</td>
			<td style="width:107px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="40">
			<td height="40" style="height:40px;width:204px;">Pyridine, &#62; 99%</td>
			<td style="width:165px;">Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:115px;">360570</td>
			<td style="width:107px;">Purified by distillation</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:204px;">Heptane</td>
			<td style="width:165px;">Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:115px;">246654</td>
			<td style="width:107px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:204px;">chloroform &#62; 99%</td>
			<td style="width:165px;">Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:115px;">372978</td>
			<td style="width:107px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:204px;">Acetone</td>
			<td style="width:165px;">Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:115px;">34850</td>
			<td style="width:107px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="40">
			<td height="40" style="height:40px;width:204px;">Glass microscope slides</td>
			<td style="width:165px;">Fisher</td>
			<td style="width:115px;">12-544-4</td>
			<td style="width:107px;">Cut with glass cutter</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:204px;">Gravity Fed Airbrush</td>
			<td style="width:165px;">Paasche</td>
			<td style="width:115px;">VSR90#1</td>
			<td style="width:107px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Syringe needle</td>
			<td style="width:165px;">Fisher</td>
			<td>CAD4075</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="39">
			<td height="39" style="height:39px;width:204px;">Solar Simulator Testing Station</td>
			<td>Newport</td>
			<td>PVIV-1A</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Software</td>
			<td>Oriel</td>
			<td>PVIV 2.0</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Round bottom flask</td>
			<td style="width:165px;">Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td>Z723134</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Round bottom flask</td>
			<td style="width:165px;">Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td>Z418668</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="48">
			<td height="48" style="height:48px;width:204px;">Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) syringe filter&#160;</td>
			<td>Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td>Z259926</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Polyamide tape</td>
			<td>Kapton</td>
			<td>KPT-1/8</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Cellophane tape</td>
			<td>Scotch</td>
			<td>810 Tape</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Polypropylene&#160;centrifuge tube</td>
			<td style="width:165px;">Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td>CLS430290</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Silver epoxy</td>
			<td>MG Chemicals</td>
			<td>8331-14G</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

fabrication of fully solution processed inorganic nanocrystal photovoltaic devices

Vi viser en fremgangsmåde til fremstilling af fuldt opløsning forarbejdede uorganiske solceller fra et spin og spray coating aflejring af nanocrystal trykfarver. For den fotoaktive absorberlag, kolloid CdTe og CdSe nanokrystaller (3-5 nm) syntetiseres ved anvendelse af et indifferent hot injektionsteknik og rengøres med udfældninger for at fjerne overskud udgangsmaterialer reagenser. Tilsvarende er guld nanokrystaller (3-5 nm) syntetiseret under omgivelsesbetingelser og opløst i organiske opløsningsmidler. Desuden er precursor-opløsningerne for transparente ledende indiumtinoxid (ITO) film fremstillet ud fra opløsninger af indium og tinsalte parret med en reaktiv oxidationsmiddel. Lag-på-lag, er disse løsninger afsættes på et glasunderlag efter annealing (200-400 ° C) for at bygge nanokrystallen solcelle (glas / ITO / CdSe / CdTe / Au). Pre-annealing ligandudveksling er påkrævet for CdSe og CdTe nanokrystaller hvor film dyppes i NH4Cl: methanol for at erstatte langkædede native ligands med små uorganiske CL - anioner. NH4CI (er) viste sig at fungere som katalysator for sintringen reaktion (som en ikke-toksisk alternativ til den konventionelle CdCI2 (s) behandling), der fører til kornvækst (136 ± 39 nm) under opvarmning. Tykkelsen og ruhed af de fremstillede film er kendetegnet med SEM og optisk profilometri. FTIR anvendes til at bestemme graden af ​​ligandudveksling før sintring, og XRD anvendes til at verificere krystalliniteten og fasen af ​​hvert materiale. UV / Vis spektra viser høj transmission synligt lys gennem ITO lag og et rødt skift i absorbans cadmium chalcogenid nanokrystaller efter termisk udglødning. Aktuel spænding kurver af afsluttede enheder måles under simulerede en sol belysning. Små forskelle i deposition teknikker og reagenser under ligandudveksling har vist sig at have en stor indflydelse på enhedens egenskaber. Her undersøger vi effekten af ​​kemiskcal (sintring og ligand udveksle agenter) og fysiske behandlinger (løsning koncentration, spray tryk, annealing tid og udglødning temperatur) på solceller enhedens ydeevne.

Lille vinkel røntgen diffraktionsmønstre bruges til at verificere krystalliniteten og fasen af udglødet nanocrystal film (figur 1A). Hvis krystallitstørrelser er under 100 nm, kan deres krystal diameter estimeres med Scherrer-ligningen (ækv. 1) og verificeres med Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), <img alt="ligning 1" src="/files/ftp_upload/54154/54154eq1.jpg" /> hvor d er den gennemsnitlige krystallitstørrelse diameter, K er den dimensionsløse formfaktoren for materialet, ?...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Fabrication of Fully Solution Processed Inorganic Nanocrystal Photovoltaic Devices at JoVE.com

Fabrication of Fully Solution Processed Inorganic Nanocrystal Photovoltaic Devices

Denne protokol beskriver syntesen og opløsning aflejring af uorganisk nanokrystaller lag på lag for at fremstille tyndfilm elektronik på ikke-ledende overflader. Solvent-stabiliserede trykfarver kan producere komplette fotoelektromotoriske anordninger på glassubstrater via spin og sprøjtebelægning følgende post-deposition ligandbytning og sintring.

Fremstilling af Fully Løsning Forarbejdede Uorganiske nanocrystal fotovoltaiske Devices

We demonstrate a method for the preparation of fully solution processed inorganic solar cells from a spin and spray coating deposition of nanocrystal ...

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Engineering

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Morphology Control for Fully Printable Organic&#8211;Inorganic Bulk-heterojunction Solar Cells Based on a Ti-alkoxide and Semiconducting Polymer

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Recombination Dynamics in Thin-film Photovoltaic Materials via Time-resolved Microwave Conductivity

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Scalable Solution-processed Fabrication Strategy for High-performance, Flexible, Transparent Electrodes with Embedded Metal Mesh

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Atmospheric Pressure Fabrication of Large-Sized Single-Layer Rectangular SnSe Flakes

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