Name: fabrication of fully solution processed inorganic nanocrystal photovoltaic devices
Uploaded: 2016-07-08T15:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Fabrication of Fully Solution Processed Inorganic Nanocrystal Photovoltaic Devices at JoVE.com

The Office of Naval Research (ONR) is gratefully acknowledged for financial support. A portion of this work was conducted while Professor Townsend held a National Research Council (NRC) Postdoctoral Fellowship at the Naval Research Laboratory and is grateful for internal support from St. Mary's College of Maryland.

Merk: Sjå alle relevante materialer sikkerhetsdatablader (MSDS) før bruk. Mange av forløper-løsninger og produktene er farlig eller kreftfremkallende. Man bør være spesielt rettet mot nanomaterialer på grunn av unike sikkerhetsproblemer som oppstår i forhold til sine bulk kolleger. Riktig verneutstyr må brukes (vernebriller, ansiktsskjerm, hansker, frakk, lange bukser og lukkede toed sko) til enhver tid i løpet av denne prosedyren. 1. Syntese av nanocrystal Forløperceller blekk ...

<ol>
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Oppsummert gir dette protokollen retningslinjer for de viktigste trinnene som er involvert med å bygge en løsning behandlet elektronisk enhet fra en spray eller spin-belegg deponering. Her viser vi nye metoder for løsning behandling gjennomsiktige ledende indium tinn oksid (ITO) filmene på ikke-ledende glass underlag. Etter en lettvinte etsing prosedyren, kan enkelte elektroder dannes før spray-deponering fotoaktive lag. Ved hjelp av en lag-på-lag teknikken, kan CdSe og CdTe nanokrystaller deponeres i luften under...

På grunn av deres unike nye egenskaper, har uorganiske nanocrystal blekk funnet programmer i et bredt spekter av elektroniske enheter, inkludert solceller, 1 -. 6 lysdioder, 7, 8 kondensatorer 9 og transistorer 10 Dette skyldes en kombinasjon av gode elektroniske og optiske egenskapene til uorganiske materialer og deres løsning kompatibilitet på nanoskala. Bulk uorganiske materialer er vanligvis ikke løselig og er derfor begrenset til høy temperatur, lavt trykk vakuum avsetninger. Men når forberedt på nanoskala med en organisk ligand skall, disse materialene kan spres i organiske løsemidler og avsatt fra oppløsning (rulle, dukkert, spin, sprøytemaling). Denne friheten til å belegge store og ujevne overflater med elektroniske enheter reduserer kostnadene ved disse teknologiene samtidig utvide mulige nisje applikasjoner. 6, 11 </sup&gt;, 12 Løsning behandling av kadmium (II) telluride (CdTe), kadmium (II) selen (CdSe), kadmium (II) sulfid (CDS) og sinkoksid (ZnO) uorganisk halvleder aktive lagene har ført til photovoltaic enheter rekk effektivitet (ƞ) for metall-CdTe Schottky krysset CdTe / Al (ƞ = 5,15%) 13, 14 og hetero CdS / CdTe (ƞ = 5,73%), 15 CdSe / CdTe (ƞ = 3,02%), 16, 17 ZnO / CdTe (ƞ = 7,1 %, 12%). 18, 19 i motsetning til vakuumavsetning av bulk CdTe-enheter, må disse nanocrystal filmene gjennomgå ligandutveksling følgende avsetning for å fjerne naturlig og isolerende langkjedede organiske ligander som forbyr effektiv elektrontransport gjennom filmen. I tillegg sintring CD (S, Se, Te), må skje under oppvarming i nærvær av et egnet salt-katalysator. Nylig ble det found at ikke-toksisk ammoniumklorid (NH4CI) kan brukes for dette formål som en erstatning for den vanlige brukte kadmium (II) klorid (CdCl 2) 20 Ved å dyppe den avsatte nanokrystallaget filmen i NH4CI. metanol løsninger liganden utvekslingsreaksjon finner sted samtidig med eksponering for den varmeaktiverte NH4CI sintringskatalysator. Disse fremstilles filmer er oppvarmet lag-for-lag for å bygge opp den ønskede tykkelse av det fotoaktive lag. 21 Nylige fremskritt innen transparente ledende filmer (metall nanotråder, graphene, karbon nanorør, forbrenning behandlet indium tinn oksid) og ledende metall nanocrystal blekk har ført til fabrikasjon av fleksible eller buede elektronikk bygget på vilkårlige ikke-ledende overflater. 22, 23 I denne presentasjonen viser vi utarbeidelsen av hver forløper blekk løsning som inkluderer de aktive lagene (CdTe og CdSe nanokrystaller), den gjennoleie gjennomføre oksid elektrode (dvs. indium dopet tinn oksid, ITO) og tilbake metall kontakt for å konstruere et ferdig uorganisk solcelle helt fra en løsning prosess. 24 Her viser vi sprøyteprosessen og enhets lag på mønstrings arkitekturer på ikke-ledende glass. Denne detaljerte video-protokollen er ment å hjelpe forskere som utformer og bygge løsning behandlet solceller; Men de samme teknikkene som er beskrevet her kan anvendes på et bredt utvalg av elektroniske enheter.

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="589">
	<tbody>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:204px;">Oleic acid, 90%</td>
			<td style="width:165px;">Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:115px;">364525</td>
			<td style="width:107px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:204px;">1-octadecene, 90%</td>
			<td style="width:165px;">Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:115px;">O806</td>
			<td style="width:107px;">Technical grade</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:204px;">Trioctylphosphine (TOP), 90%</td>
			<td style="width:165px;">Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:115px;">117854</td>
			<td style="width:107px;">Air sensitive</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="40">
			<td height="40" style="height:40px;width:204px;">Trimethylsilyl chloride, 99.9%</td>
			<td style="width:165px;">Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:115px;">92360</td>
			<td style="width:107px;">Air and water sensitive</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:204px;">Se, 99.5+%</td>
			<td style="width:165px;">Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:115px;">209651</td>
			<td style="width:107px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="24">
			<td height="24" style="height:24px;width:204px;">NH4Cl, 99%</td>
			<td style="width:165px;">Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:115px;">9718</td>
			<td style="width:107px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="24">
			<td height="24" style="height:24px;width:204px;">CdCl2, 99.9%</td>
			<td style="width:165px;">Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:115px;">202908</td>
			<td style="width:107px;">Highly toxic</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:204px;">CdO, 99.99%</td>
			<td style="width:165px;">Strem</td>
			<td style="width:115px;">202894</td>
			<td style="width:107px;">Highly toxic</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:204px;">Te, 99.8%</td>
			<td style="width:165px;">Strem</td>
			<td style="width:115px;">264865</td>
			<td style="width:107px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="25">
			<td height="25" style="height:25px;width:204px;">In(NO3)3.2.85H2O, 99.99%</td>
			<td style="width:165px;">Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:115px;">326127-50G</td>
			<td style="width:107px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="25">
			<td height="25" style="height:25px;width:204px;">SnCl2.2H2O, 99.9%</td>
			<td style="width:165px;">Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:115px;">431508</td>
			<td style="width:107px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="24">
			<td height="24" style="height:24px;width:204px;">NH4OH</td>
			<td style="width:165px;">Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:115px;">320145</td>
			<td style="width:107px;">Caustic</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="24">
			<td height="24" style="height:24px;width:204px;">NH4NO3, 99%</td>
			<td style="width:165px;">Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:115px;">A9642</td>
			<td style="width:107px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="25">
			<td height="25" style="height:25px;width:204px;">HAuCl4.3H2O, 99.9%</td>
			<td style="width:165px;">Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:115px;">520918</td>
			<td style="width:107px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="40">
			<td height="40" style="height:40px;width:204px;">Tetraoctylammonium bromide (TMA-Br)</td>
			<td style="width:165px;">Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:115px;">294136</td>
			<td style="width:107px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:204px;">Toluene, 99.8%</td>
			<td style="width:165px;">Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:115px;">244511</td>
			<td style="width:107px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:204px;">Hexanethiol, 95%</td>
			<td style="width:165px;">Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:115px;">234192</td>
			<td style="width:107px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="24">
			<td height="24" style="height:24px;width:204px;">NaBH4, 96%</td>
			<td style="width:165px;">Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:115px;">71320</td>
			<td style="width:107px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:204px;">Hexanes, 98.5%</td>
			<td style="width:165px;">Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:115px;">650544</td>
			<td style="width:107px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:204px;">Ethanol, 99.5%</td>
			<td style="width:165px;">Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:115px;">459844</td>
			<td style="width:107px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:204px;">Methanol, anhydrous, 99.8%</td>
			<td style="width:165px;">Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:115px;">322415</td>
			<td style="width:107px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:204px;">1-propanol, 99.5%</td>
			<td style="width:165px;">Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:115px;">402893</td>
			<td style="width:107px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:204px;">2-propanol, 99.5%</td>
			<td style="width:165px;">Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:115px;">278475</td>
			<td style="width:107px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="40">
			<td height="40" style="height:40px;width:204px;">Pyridine, &#62; 99%</td>
			<td style="width:165px;">Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:115px;">360570</td>
			<td style="width:107px;">Purified by distillation</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:204px;">Heptane</td>
			<td style="width:165px;">Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:115px;">246654</td>
			<td style="width:107px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:204px;">chloroform &#62; 99%</td>
			<td style="width:165px;">Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:115px;">372978</td>
			<td style="width:107px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:204px;">Acetone</td>
			<td style="width:165px;">Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:115px;">34850</td>
			<td style="width:107px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="40">
			<td height="40" style="height:40px;width:204px;">Glass microscope slides</td>
			<td style="width:165px;">Fisher</td>
			<td style="width:115px;">12-544-4</td>
			<td style="width:107px;">Cut with glass cutter</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:204px;">Gravity Fed Airbrush</td>
			<td style="width:165px;">Paasche</td>
			<td style="width:115px;">VSR90#1</td>
			<td style="width:107px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Syringe needle</td>
			<td style="width:165px;">Fisher</td>
			<td>CAD4075</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="39">
			<td height="39" style="height:39px;width:204px;">Solar Simulator Testing Station</td>
			<td>Newport</td>
			<td>PVIV-1A</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Software</td>
			<td>Oriel</td>
			<td>PVIV 2.0</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Round bottom flask</td>
			<td style="width:165px;">Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td>Z723134</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Round bottom flask</td>
			<td style="width:165px;">Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td>Z418668</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="48">
			<td height="48" style="height:48px;width:204px;">Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) syringe filter&#160;</td>
			<td>Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td>Z259926</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Polyamide tape</td>
			<td>Kapton</td>
			<td>KPT-1/8</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Cellophane tape</td>
			<td>Scotch</td>
			<td>810 Tape</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Polypropylene&#160;centrifuge tube</td>
			<td style="width:165px;">Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td>CLS430290</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Silver epoxy</td>
			<td>MG Chemicals</td>
			<td>8331-14G</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

fabrication of fully solution processed inorganic nanocrystal photovoltaic devices

Vi vise en metode for fremstilling av fullstendig oppløsning behandlede uorganiske solceller fra et spinn og spray coating avsetning av nanocrystal blekk. For fotoaktive absorber lag, kolloidalt CdTe og CdSe nanokrystaller (3-5 nm) blir syntetisert ved hjelp av en inert varmt injeksjonsteknikk og rengjøres med utfellinger å fjerne overflødig start reagenser. Tilsvarende er gullholdige nanorør (3-5 nm) syntetisert under omgivelsesbetingelser og oppløst i organiske oppløsningsmidler. I tillegg er forløper-løsninger for transparente ledende indium tinnoksid (ITO) filmer fremstilt fra oppløsninger av indium og tinn-salter forbundet med et reaktivt oksidant. Lag-for-lag, er disse oppløsninger avsatt på et glass-substrat etter gløding (200-400 ° C) for å bygge den nanokrystallaget solcelle (glass / ITO / CdSe / CdTe / Au). Pre-annealing ligandutveksling er nødvendig for CdSe og CdTe nanokrystaller hvor filmene er dyppet i NH4Cl: metanol for å erstatte langkjedede innfødt ligaNDS med små uorganiske Cl - anioner. NH4CI (er) ble funnet å virke som en katalysator for sintring reaksjon (som et ikke-toksisk alternativ til den konvensjonelle CdCl 2 (e) behandling) som fører til kornvekst (136 ± 39 nm) under oppvarming. Tykkelsen og grovheten av de fremstilte filmene er preget med SEM og optisk profilometri. FTIR blir brukt til å bestemme graden av liganden utveksling før sintring, og XRD blir brukt til å bekrefte krystalliniteten og fase av hvert materiale. UV / Vis-spektra viser høy synlig lystransmisjon gjennom ITO lag og et rødt forskyvning i absorbans av kadmium chalcogenide nanokrystaller etter termisk gløding. Nåværende spenning kurver av ferdige enheter er målt under simulerte en sol belysning. Små forskjeller i deponering teknikker og reagenser som benyttes under ligand utveksling har vist seg å ha stor innflytelse på enhetens egenskaper. Her undersøker vi effekten av kjemical (sintring og ligand utveksling agenter) og fysiske behandlinger (løsning konsentrasjon, spray-press, annealing tid og avspenning temperatur) på photovoltaic enhetens ytelse.

Small angle x-ray Diffraction Patterns brukes for å bekrefte krystalliniteten og fasen av den glødede nanokrystallaget film (figur 1A). Hvis krystallittstørrelser er under 100 nm, kan deres krystall diameter anslås med Scherrer ligningen (Eq. 1) og verifisert med Scanning elektronmikroskopi (SEM), <img alt="ligning 1" src="/files/ftp_upload/54154/54154eq1.jpg" /> hvor d er den midlere krystallittstørrelse diameter, er K den dimensjonsløse formfaktoren for materialet, er β den...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Fabrication of Fully Solution Processed Inorganic Nanocrystal Photovoltaic Devices at JoVE.com

Fabrication of Fully Solution Processed Inorganic Nanocrystal Photovoltaic Devices

Denne protokollen beskriver syntesen og oppløsningen avsetning av uorganiske nanokrystaller lag på lag for å fremstille tynnfilmelektronikk på ikke-ledende overflater. Løsemiddel stabilisert blekk kan produsere komplette fotovoltaiske enheter på glass underlag via spin og spraymaling følgende etter avsetningen ligand utveksling og sintring.

Fabrikasjon av Fully Løsning Behandlet uorganiske nanocrystal photovoltaic enheter

We demonstrate a method for the preparation of fully solution processed inorganic solar cells from a spin and spray coating deposition of nanocrystal ...

Research

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Engineering

Fabrication of Gate-tunable Graphene Devices for Scanning Tunneling Microscopy Studies with Coulomb Impurities

Fabrikasjon av Gate-tunbare Graphene enheter for scanning tunneling mikroskopi Studier med Coulomb Urenheter

Owing to its relativistic low-energy charge carriers, the interaction between graphene and various impurities leads to a wealth of new physics and degrees ...

Fabrication of High Contrast Gratings for the Spectrum Splitting Dispersive Element in a Concentrated Photovoltaic System

Fabrikasjon av høy kontrast Gitter for Spectrum Splitting Dispersive Element i en konsentrert Photovoltaic System

High contrast gratings are designed and fabricated and its application is proposed in a parallel spectrum splitting dispersive element that can improve ...

Fabrication and Operation of Acoustofluidic Devices Supporting Bulk Acoustic Standing Waves for Sheathless Focusing of Particles

Fabrikasjon og drift av Acoustofluidic enheter som har støtte Bulk Acoustic stående bølger for Sheathless Fokusering av partikler

Acoustophoresis refers to the displacement of suspended objects in response to directional forces from sound energy. Given that the suspended objects must ...

Morphology Control for Fully Printable Organic&#8211;Inorganic Bulk-heterojunction Solar Cells Based on a Ti-alkoxide and Semiconducting Polymer

Morphology Control for Fully Printable OrganicÃƒÆ’Ã‚Â¢ÃƒÂ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚Â¬ÃƒÂ¢Ã¢â€šÂ¬Ã…â€œInorganic Bulk-heterojunction Solar Cells Based on a Ti-alkoxide and Semiconducting Polymer

Morfologi Control for Fully utskriftsvennlig Organisk-uorganisk Bulk-hetero solceller basert på en Ti-alkoksyd og halvledende polymer

The photoactive layer of a typical organic thin-film bulk-heterojunction (BHJ) solar cell commonly uses fullerene derivatives as the electron-accepting ...

Solvent Bonding for Fabrication of PMMA and COP Microfluidic Devices

Solvent Bonding for fabrikasjon av PMMA og COP microfluidic enheter

Thermoplastic microfluidic devices offer many advantages over those made from silicone elastomers, but bonding procedures must be developed for each ...

Recombination Dynamics in Thin-film Photovoltaic Materials via Time-resolved Microwave Conductivity

Rekombinasjon Dynamics i Thin-film Photovoltaic Materialer via Time-løst Mikrobølgeovn konduktivitet

A method for investigating recombination dynamics of photo-induced charge carriers in thin film semiconductors, specifically in photovoltaic materials ...

Scalable Solution-processed Fabrication Strategy for High-performance, Flexible, Transparent Electrodes with Embedded Metal Mesh

Skalerbar løsning-behandlet Fabrication Strategy for High-Performance, Fleksibel, Transparent Elektroder med innebygd Metal Mesh

Here, the authors report the embedded metal-mesh transparent electrode (EMTE), a new transparent electrode (TE) with a metal mesh completely embedded in a ...

Flow-assisted Dielectrophoresis: A Low Cost Method for the Fabrication of High Performance Solution-processable Nanowire Devices

Flyt-assistert Dielectrophoresis: En rimelig metode for fabrikasjon av høytytende løsningen-processable Nanowire enheter

Flow-assisted dielectrophoresis (DEP) is an efficient self-assembly method for the controllable and reproducible positioning, alignment, and selection of ...

Atmospheric Pressure Fabrication of Large-Sized Single-Layer Rectangular SnSe Flakes

Lufttrykk fabrikasjon av store enkeltlags-rektangulære SnSe Flakes

Tin selenide (SnSe) belongs to the family of layered metal chalcogenide materials with a buckled structure like phosphorene, and has shown potential for ...

Fabrication of Refractive-index-matched Devices for Biomedical Microfluidics

Fabrikasjon av refraktiv-indeks-matchet enheter for biomedisinsk Microfluidics

The use of microfluidic devices has emerged as a defining tool for biomedical applications. When combined with modern microscopy techniques, these devices ...