Name: measuring granulocyte and monocyte phagocytosis and oxidative burst activity in human blood
Uploaded: 2016-09-12T13:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Measuring Granulocyte and Monocyte Phagocytosis and Oxidative Burst Activity in Human Blood at JoVE.com

लेखक इस प्रक्रिया के अनुकूलन के दौरान उनकी सहायता के लिए जैक Shue, केसी जॉन, और लिन Cialdella-Kam स्वीकार करना चाहते हैं।

नोट: सभी रक्त संग्रह की प्रक्रिया के दिशा-निर्देशों Appalachian राज्य विश्वविद्यालय (ASU) संस्थागत समीक्षा बोर्ड (आईआरबी) द्वारा उल्लिखित के अनुसार आयोजित किया गया। 1. परख तैयारी <ol><li> , इकट्ठा तैयार है,...

<ol>
	<li>Nieman, D. C., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Influence+of+pistachios+on+performance+and+exercise-induced+inflammation,+oxidative+stress,+immune+dysfunction,+and+metabolite+shifts+in+cyclists:+a+randomized,+crossover+trial.">Influence of pistachios on performance and exercise-induced inflammation, oxidative stress, immune dysfunction, and metabolite shifts in cyclists: a randomized, crossover trial.</a> PLoS One. 9, e113725 (2014).</li><li>Knab, A. 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यह पांडुलिपि granulocyte और monocyte समारोह के दो संकेतक के निर्धारण के लिए एक कदम दर कदम प्रोटोकॉल प्रदान करता है। हम कुछ कदम है कि इस परख की सफलता के लिए महत्वपूर्ण हैं की पहचान की है। ऐसा ही एक कदम बर्फ स्नान ऊष्मा...

Granulocyte और monocyte phagocytosis / ऑक्सीडेटिव फट (ओ) गतिविधि परख एक सरल, सीधे आगे की तकनीक है कि अक्सर लंबे समय तक और गहन व्यायाम के बाद सहज प्रतिरक्षा समारोह के बारे में जानकारी इकट्ठा करने के लिए प्रयोग किया जाता है। जब 1-4 करने के लिए प्रतिरक्षा प्रणाली की प्रतिक्रिया का अध्ययन एक प्रोत्साहन, granulocytes और monocytes क्योंकि वे मेजबान बचाव में एक केंद्रीय भूमिका निभाते हैं और संक्रमण के स्थल पर जमा करने के पहले प्रतिरक्षा कोशिकाओं रहे हैं विशेष रुचि के हैं। 5 न्यूट्रोफिल, granulocyte का एक प्रकार है, क्षतिग्रस्त मांसपेशियों में सरकाना करने के लिए पहली कोशिकाओं रहे हैं ऊतक गहन व्यायाम के बाद। 6 phagocytosis और ओबी गतिविधि granulocyte और monocyte समारोह, 7 की सबसे आम उपाय कर रहे हैं और दोनों के संक्रमण की प्रक्रिया और मरम्मत की प्रक्रिया में उनकी केंद्रीय भूमिका की वजह से सहज प्रतिरक्षा सेल समारोह के संकेतक के रूप में पसंद कर रहे हैं। परख इस पांडुलिपि utili में वर्णितमाहिर एक मूल प्रवाह कोशिकामापी granulocyte और monocyte phagocytosis और पूरे रक्त में ओबी गतिविधि का एक मात्रात्मक निर्धारण प्रदान करते हैं। इस तकनीक में पूरे रक्त का उपयोग फायदेमंद है क्योंकि यह अनुमति देता है परख एक समय लेने वाली प्रक्रिया शुद्धि के बिना ही किया जा सकता। इस परख आसानी से अनुसंधान डिजाइन और प्रयोगशाला क्षमताओं की एक किस्म को समायोजित करने के लिए संशोधित किया जा सकता है। उदाहरण के लिए, लियाओ एट अल। इसी तरह की एक तकनीक है कि न्यूट्रोफिल ओबी गतिविधि को दिखाने के लिए उपयोग किया वृद्धि हुई है और न्यूट्रोफिल phagocytosis कमी आई है घाव मस्तिष्क की चोट के बाद। 8 अन्य उदाहरण में, McFarlin एट अल। इस तकनीक allophycocyanin का उपयोग करता है की एक सुंदर संशोधन (एपीसी वर्णित ) छवि के आधार से फ्लो उनकी phagocytosis और ओबी गतिविधियों के संदर्भ में granulocytes वर्गीकृत करने के साथ CD66b और उच्च प्रदर्शन मिलकर एपीसी संयुग्मित CD45 लेबलिंग संयुग्मित। 7,9 हमारे शोध समूह इस ते के विभिन्न रूपांतरों इस्तेमाल किया गया हैलगभग 20 वर्षों के लिए, अधिक वजन मोटापे से ग्रस्त हैं, और पुष्ट आबादी में सहज प्रतिरक्षा समारोह का एक संकेतक के रूप में chnique। 10,11 पाठ नीचे इस परख प्रदर्शन के लिए कदम दर कदम निर्देश के साथ पाठक प्रदान और क्षेत्रों है कि पाठक के लिए अनुकूल हो सकते हैं पर प्रकाश डाला जाएगा उनके अनुसंधान की जरूरतों को पूरा करने के लिए।

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="1070">
	<tbody>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:215px;">12 x 75 mm tubes, with cap</td>
			<td style="width:215px;">VWR</td>
			<td style="width:215px;">20170-579</td>
			<td style="width:425px;">You will need 2 tubes per sample (&#34;H&#34; and &#34;F&#34;) plus 3 tubes per batch (for assay controls; &#34;F&#34;, &#34;H&#34;, and &#34;Blood only&#34;).</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:215px;">PBS (10X), pH 7.4</td>
			<td style="width:215px;">Life Technologies</td>
			<td style="width:215px;">70011-044</td>
			<td style="width:425px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:215px;">Bottle top 0.2 &#181;m cellulose acetate filter (500 ml capacity)</td>
			<td style="width:215px;">Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:215px;">09-741-07&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:425px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:215px;">Glucose, powder</td>
			<td style="width:215px;">Life Technologies</td>
			<td style="width:215px;">15023-021</td>
			<td style="width:425px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="63">
			<td height="63" style="height:63px;width:215px;">Citric acid (anhydrous, cell culture tested, plant cell culture tested)</td>
			<td style="width:215px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:215px;">C2404-100G</td>
			<td style="width:425px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:215px;">Sodium citrate tribasic dihydrate</td>
			<td style="width:215px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:215px;">S4641-25G</td>
			<td style="width:425px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:215px;">Dihydroethidium (Hydroethidine) (HE)</td>
			<td style="width:215px;">Life Technologies</td>
			<td style="width:215px;">D11347</td>
			<td style="width:425px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:215px;">Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) Anhydrous</td>
			<td style="width:215px;">Life Technologies</td>
			<td style="width:215px;">D12345</td>
			<td style="width:425px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="84">
			<td height="84" style="height:84px;width:215px;">Staphylococcus aureus&#160;(Wood strain without protein A) BioParticles, fluorescein conjugate (FITC)</td>
			<td style="width:215px;">Life Technologies</td>
			<td style="width:215px;">S2851</td>
			<td style="width:425px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="63">
			<td height="63" style="height:63px;width:215px;">Staphylococcus aureus&#160;(Wood strain without protein A) BioParticles, unlabeled</td>
			<td style="width:215px;">Life Technologies</td>
			<td style="width:215px;">S-2859</td>
			<td style="width:425px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:215px;">Trypan Blue Solution, 0.4%</td>
			<td style="width:215px;">Life Technologies</td>
			<td style="width:215px;">15250-061</td>
			<td style="width:425px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="46">
			<td height="46" style="height:46px;width:215px;">4.0 mL vacutainer containing 7.2 mg K2EDTA, spray-dried</td>
			<td style="width:215px;">VWR</td>
			<td style="width:215px;">BD367861</td>
			<td style="width:425px;">You will need 1 K2 EDTA blood collection tube per sample.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="63">
			<td height="63" style="height:63px;width:215px;">4.0 mL vacutainer containing 68 USP units Lithium Heparin, spray-coated</td>
			<td style="width:215px;">VWR</td>
			<td style="width:215px;">BD367884</td>
			<td style="width:425px;">You will need 1 Lithium Heparin blood collection tube per sample.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:215px;">COULTER Ac&#183;T 5diff CP</td>
			<td style="width:215px;">Beckman Coulter</td>
			<td style="width:215px;">6605705</td>
			<td style="width:425px;">i.e., hematology analyzer</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:215px;">COULTER Ac&#183;T 5diff Rinse</td>
			<td style="width:215px;">Beckman Coulter</td>
			<td style="width:215px;">8547167</td>
			<td style="width:425px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:215px;">COULTER Ac&#183;T 5diff Fix</td>
			<td style="width:215px;">Beckman Coulter</td>
			<td style="width:215px;">8547171</td>
			<td style="width:425px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:215px;">COULTER Ac&#183;T 5diff WBC Lyse</td>
			<td style="width:215px;">Beckman Coulter</td>
			<td style="width:215px;">8547170</td>
			<td style="width:425px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:215px;">COULTER Ac&#183;T 5diff Hgb Lyse</td>
			<td style="width:215px;">Beckman Coulter</td>
			<td style="width:215px;">8547168</td>
			<td style="width:425px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:215px;">COULTER Ac&#183;T 5diff Cal Calibrator</td>
			<td style="width:215px;">Beckman Coulter</td>
			<td style="width:215px;">7547175</td>
			<td style="width:425px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:215px;">COULTER Ac&#183;T 5diff Control Plus</td>
			<td style="width:215px;">Beckman Coulter</td>
			<td style="width:215px;">7547198</td>
			<td style="width:425px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:215px;">AcT 5diff Diluent</td>
			<td style="width:215px;">Beckman Coulter</td>
			<td style="width:215px;">8547169</td>
			<td style="width:425px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:215px;">200 &#181;L extended-length pipette tips</td>
			<td style="width:215px;">VWR</td>
			<td style="width:215px;">37001-526</td>
			<td style="width:425px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:215px;">Insulated ice pan</td>
			<td style="width:215px;">VWR</td>
			<td style="width:215px;">89198-980</td>
			<td style="width:425px;">For ice water bath.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:215px;">Open metal tube rack</td>
			<td style="width:215px;">VWR</td>
			<td style="width:215px;">60916-702</td>
			<td style="width:425px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:215px;">Fetal Bovine Serum</td>
			<td style="width:215px;">Life Technologies</td>
			<td style="width:215px;">26140-111</td>
			<td style="width:425px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:215px;">TQ-Prep Workstation</td>
			<td style="width:215px;">Beckman Coulter</td>
			<td style="width:215px;">6605429</td>
			<td style="width:425px;">i.e., automated cell lyse preparation workstation</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:215px;">ImmunoPrep Reagent System</td>
			<td style="width:215px;">Beckman Coulter</td>
			<td style="width:215px;">7546999</td>
			<td style="width:425px;">i.e., RBC lyse/WBC fix reagent system</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="63">
			<td height="63" style="height:63px;width:215px;">Cytomics FC500 MCL Flow Cytometry System with CXP Software</td>
			<td style="width:215px;">Beckman Coulter</td>
			<td style="width:215px;">626553</td>
			<td style="width:425px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:215px;">IsoFlow Sheath Fluid</td>
			<td style="width:215px;">Beckman Coulter</td>
			<td style="width:215px;">8547008</td>
			<td style="width:425px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:215px;">COULTER CLENZ</td>
			<td style="width:215px;">Beckman Coulter</td>
			<td style="width:215px;">8546929</td>
			<td style="width:425px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:215px;">Flow-Check Fluorospheres&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:215px;">Beckman Coulter</td>
			<td style="width:215px;">6605359</td>
			<td style="width:425px;">i.e., alignment and fluidics verification fluorospheres</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:215px;">FlowJo Software</td>
			<td style="width:215px;">FlowJo</td>
			<td style="width:215px;">FlowJo</td>
			<td style="width:425px;">i.e., flow cytometry analysis software</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:215px;">Excel Software</td>
			<td style="width:215px;">Microsoft</td>
			<td style="width:215px;">Microsoft Excel</td>
			<td style="width:425px;">i.e., electronic spreadsheet program</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

measuring granulocyte and monocyte phagocytosis and oxidative burst activity in human blood

The granulocyte and monocyte phagocytosis and oxidative burst (OB) activity assay can be used to study the innate immune system. This manuscript provides the necessary methodology to add this assay to an exercise immunology arsenal. The first step in this assay is to prepare two aliquots ("H" and "F") of whole blood (heparin). Then, dihydroethidium is added to the H aliquot, and both aliquots are incubated in a warm water bath followed by a cold water bath. Next, Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is added to the H aliquot and fluorescein isothiocyanate-labeled S. aureus is added to the F aliquot (bacteria:phagocyte = 8:1), and both aliquots are incubated in a warm water bath followed by a cold water bath. Then, trypan blue is added to each aliquot to quench extracellular fluorescence, and the cells are washed with phosphate-buffered saline. Next, the red blood cells are lysed, and the white blood cells are fixed. Finally, a flow cytometer and appropriate analysis software are used to measure granulocyte and monocyte phagocytosis and OB activity. This assay has been used for over 20 years. After heavy and prolonged exertion, athletes experience a significant but transient increase in phagocytosis and an extended decrease in OB activity. The post-exercise increase in phagocytosis is correlated with inflammation. In contrast to normal weight individuals, granulocyte and monocyte phagocytosis is chronically elevated in overweight and obese participants, and is modestly correlated with C-reactive protein. In summary, this flow cytometry-based assay measures the phagocytosis and OB activity of phagocytes and can be used as an additional measure of exercise- and obesity-induced inflammation.

लंबे समय तक और गहन व्यायाम सहज प्रतिरक्षा समारोह पर गहरा प्रभाव, प्राकृतिक किलर सेल समारोह, वायरल संक्रमण के बृहतभक्षककोशिका साइटोकाइन की मध्यस्थता प्रतिक्रिया, और granulocyte और monocyte phagocytosis और ओब?...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Measuring Granulocyte and Monocyte Phagocytosis and Oxidative Burst Activity in Human Blood at JoVE.com

Measuring Granulocyte and Monocyte Phagocytosis and Oxidative Burst Activity in Human Blood

The purpose of this manuscript is to present a method for measuring monocyte and granulocyte phagocytosis and oxidative burst activity in human blood samples.

मानव रक्त में मापने कणांकुर और Monocyte phagocytosis और ऑक्सीडेटिव फट गतिविधि

The granulocyte and monocyte phagocytosis and oxidative burst (OB) activity assay can be used to study the innate immune system. This manuscript provides ...

The overall goal of this assay is to measure granulocyte and monocyte phagocytosis and oxidative burst activity in whole blood. This method can help answer key questions in the field of immunology, such as how does a particular dietary intervention affect the immune response to exercise. The main advantage of this technique is that it is a simple, straightforward assay that can be easily modified to account for the available laboratory resources and research interests.We have been using this measure of innate immune function for the past two decades in many of our exercise trials, and we'll share some of these data later in the video. Before beginning the procedure, use a hematology analyzer to perform a complete blood count with white blood cell differential analysis on the blood samples according to the manufacturer's instructions. Make a note of the white blood cell count in cells per milliliter and the percent neutrophil and monocyte values for the samples.Then, for each experimental and control tube, use an extended length pipette tip to transfer 100 microliters of each whole blood sample from the lithium heparin blood collection tube to the bottom of an appropriately labeled 12 by 75 millimeter tube. When all of the blood has been transferred, add 10 microliters of the HE working solution to the tubes labeled with red ink and an H, including the HE control tube. Uncap the tubes.Vortex the samples briefly, and transfer the tubes to a 37-degree Celsius water bath in an open metal rack with gentle shaking every five minutes. After 15 minutes, quickly transfer the rack and tubes to an ice water bath for 12 minutes with gentle shaking every five minutes. At the end of the incubation, add the appropriate volume of unlabeled S.aureus working solution to the tubes labeled with the red ink and an H, including the HE control tube.Vortex the tubes briefly with the caps. Then add the appropriate volume of FITC-labeled S.aureus working solution to the tubes labeled with black ink and an F, including the FITC control tube, and briefly vortex the samples. Next, incubate all of the tubes in the 37-degree Celsius water bath for 20 minutes with shaking every five minutes followed by a one-minute cooldown in the ice water.After placing the samples at room temperature, use a repeater pipette to add 100 microliters of ice-cold quench solution to all of the tubes and vortex the samples. Return the samples to the ice bath. After one minute, use the repeater pipette to add one millimeter of ice-cold PBS to each of the tubes.Then vortex the tubes and add an additional two milliliters of PBS to the samples. Now centrifuge the cells and aspirate the supernatant. Using the repeater pipette, add 50 microliters of ice-cold FBS to the tubes.After vortexing, transfer all the tubes to a carousel. Use an automated cell lysis preparation workstation to lyse the red blood cells and fix the white blood cells according to the manufacturer's instructions. To analyze the assay results by flow cytometry, open the flow cytometry system acquisition software and create a new protocol.Choose FITC for the FL1 parameter for the phagocytosis assay and HE for the FL2 parameter for the oxidative burst activity assay. Create a forward versus side scatter dot plot, an FL1 histogram, and an FL2 histogram. Then create polygonal regions for the white blood cell, granulocyte and monocyte populations on the forward versus side scatter plot and create linear regions on the histograms.Now run the blood-only negative control sample followed by the HE and FITC positive control samples, reviewing the histograms and adjusting the photomultiplier tube voltages of the FITC and PE channels as necessary. Then start the data acquisition for the control samples. After a 15-minute equilibration period, load the experimental samples into the carousel according to the order on the work list and being the study sample analysis.To assess the phagocytic activity of the samples, first consolidate all of the F-labeled samples and control list mode data files into a single folder and drag the files into the sample space in the flow cytometry analysis software. Double-click on a control sample and use the polygon gate selector to set a gate for the total white blood cell population, taking care to include all of the cells at the edges of the chart. Label this gate WBC.Double-click on the WBC gate and use the elliptical gate selector to set the lymphocyte gate. Label the gate accordingly and drag the gate data percent to the side so that the cells are easily viewed. Then use the polygon gate selector to set the granulocyte gate and monocyte gate.Label each gate accordingly and drag the gate data percent to the side. Double-click on the FITC control sample followed by the granulocyte gate and use the drop-down menus to set the X-axis to FL1 and the Y-axis to side scatter, or SS.Use the square gate selector to set a phagocytosis negative gate and a phagocytosis positive gate. Highlight the phagocytosis positive gate of the granulocyte population.Then click Workspace and Add Statistic. Highlight Geometric Mean and FL1 to generate the fluorescence intensity of the phagocytosis positive granulocytes and click Add. Then choose the frequency of parent statistic and click Add to generate the percentage of the granulocytes that are phagocytosis positive.To apply these settings to all of the study samples, highlight all of the gates and statistics created in the FITC control sample, and drag them into the All Samples area in the group panel. Save the work as a WSP file in the same folder that contains the list mode data folder. Now click on the first experimental sample in the data set and confirm that the white blood cell gate appropriately fits the cell distribution on each of the samples, adjusting the edges of the gate as necessary.Now click on the white blood cell gate in the first experimental sample and confirm that the granulocyte, monocyte, and lymphocyte gates fit the cell distribution on each of the samples, adjusting the gates as necessary. After saving the file, click on the table editor icon, and drag each statistic of interest into the table. Click Create Table to display the data in a spreadsheet format and save the work as an XLSX file.Then repeat the analysis for the H-labeled oxidative burst activity samples and control list mode data files as just demonstrated. As demonstrated in this representative experiment, the granulocyte-mediated phagocytosis of S.aureus is increased immediately and 1.5 hours after a 75-kilometer cycling bout, returning to normal by the next morning. Granulocyte oxidative burst activity is decreased for at least 21 hours after this level of activity.Further, there is a modest correlation between granulocyte phagocytosis and serum C-reactive protein levels, as observed in this analysis of 106 overweight or obese women, indicating that high granulocyte and monocyte phagocytosis in resting subjects may be indicative of systemic inflammation. Once mastered, this technique can be completed for approximately 30 samples in seven hours if performed properly. While attempting this procedure, it's important to remember to completely cool the samples before adding the bacteria to help minimize any unexplained between-sample variability.Following this procedure, other methods, like cytokine quantification, can be performed to determine the effect of your intervention on the inflammatory response. After its development, this technique paved the way for researchers in the field of immunology to explore the effects of a variety of lifestyle changes and innate immune function in humans. After watching this video, you should have a good understanding of how to measure granulocyte and monocyte phagocytosis and oxidative burst activity with a flow cytometer.Don't forget that working with human blood can be extremely hazardous and that precautions, such as wearing the appropriate PPE, should always be taken when performing this procedure.

Research

JoVE Journal

Immunology and Infection

Activation and Measurement of NLRP3 Inflammasome Activity Using IL-1&#946; in Human Monocyte-derived Dendritic Cells

सक्रियण और मानव monocyte व्युत्पन्न वृक्ष के समान कोशिकाओं में आईएल 1β का प्रयोग NLRP3 inflammasome गतिविधि की माप

Inflammatory processes resulting from the secretion of Interleukin (IL)-1 family cytokines by immune cells lead to local or systemic inflammation, tissue ...

Bioenergetics and the Oxidative Burst: Protocols for the Isolation and Evaluation of Human Leukocytes and Platelets

मानव leukocytes और प्लेटलेट्स की अलगाव और मूल्यांकन के लिए प्रोटोकॉल: bioenergetics और oxidative फट

Mitochondrial dysfunction is known to play a significant role in a number of pathological conditions such as atherosclerosis, diabetes, septic shock, and ...

Culture of Macrophage Colony-stimulating Factor Differentiated Human Monocyte-derived Macrophages

बृहतभक्षककोशिका कॉलोनी उत्तेजक कारक विभेदित मानव monocyte व्युत्पन्न मैक्रोफेज की संस्कृति

A protocol is presented for cell culture of macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) differentiated human monocyte-derived macrophages. For initiation ...

Flow Cytometric Analysis of Natural Killer Cell Lytic Activity in Human Whole Blood

मानव पूरे रक्त में प्राकृतिक हत्यारा सेल Lytic गतिविधि का प्रवाह cytometric विश्लेषण

NK cell cytotoxicity is a widely used measure to determine the effect of outside intervention on NK cell function. However, the accuracy and ...

Generation of Human Monocyte-derived Dendritic Cells from Whole Blood

पूरे रक्त से मानव monocyte व्युत्पन्न वृक्ष के समान कोशिकाओं की पीढ़ी

Dendritic cells (DCs) recognize foreign structures of different pathogens, such as viruses, bacteria, and fungi, via a variety of pattern recognition ...

Use of a Monocyte Monolayer Assay to Evaluate Fc&#947; Receptor-mediated Phagocytosis

मूल्यांकन करने के लिए एक Monocyte Monolayer परख का उपयोग Fcγ रिसेप्टर की मध्यस्थता Phagocytosis

Although originally developed for predicting transfusion outcomes of serologically incompatible blood, the monocyte monolayer assay (MMA) is a highly ...

Dextran Enhances the Lentiviral Transduction Efficiency of Murine and Human Primary NK Cells

Dextran Murine और मानव प्राथमिक NK कोशिकाओं की Lentiviral Transduction क्षमता को बढ़ाता है

The efficient transduction of specific genes into natural killer (NK) cells has been a major challenge. Successful transductions are critical to defining ...

Measuring Deformability and Red Cell Heterogeneity in Blood by Ektacytometry

Ektacytometry द्वारा रक्त में विकृति और लाल कोशिका विविधता को मापने

Decreased red cell deformability is characteristic of several disorders. In some cases, the extent of defective deformability can predict severity of ...

Characterization of Human Monocyte Subsets by Whole Blood Flow Cytometry Analysis

पूरे रक्त प्रवाह Cytometry विश्लेषण द्वारा मानव Monocyte सबसेट का लक्षण वर्णन

Monocytes are key contributors in various inflammatory disorders and alterations to these cells, including their subset proportions and functions, can ...

Pattern-Triggered Oxidative Burst and Seedling Growth Inhibition Assays in Arabidopsis thaliana

Pattern-Triggered Oxidative Burst and Seedling Growth Inhibition Assays in Arabidopsis thaliana

पैटर्न-ट्रिगर ऑक्सीडेटिव बर्स्ट और सीडिंग ग्रोथ निषेध परासास में Arabidopsis thaliana

Plants have evolved a robust immune system to perceive pathogens and protect against disease. This paper describes two assays that can be used to measure ...