Name: investigations on the ga(iii) complex of eob-dtpa and its 68ga radiolabeled analogue
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Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Investigations on the GaIII Complex of EOB-DTPA and Its 68Ga Radiolabeled Analogue at JoVE.com

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1. Utarbeidelse av EOB-DTPA og Ga [EOB-DTPA] Forsiktig: Sjå alle relevante sikkerhetsdatablad (MSDS) av de benyttede organiske løsemidler, syrer og baser før bruk. Utfør alle trinn i et avtrekksskap og bruke personlig verneutstyr (vernebriller, hansker, frakk). <ol><li> Isolering av EOB-DTPA fra gadoxetic syre <ol><li> Satt 3 ml 0,25 M gadoxetic syre injiserbar oppløsning inn i en kolbe. Tilsett 500 mg (5,6 mmol) oksalsyre til den omrørte løsning. </li><li> Etter omrøring i 1 time, fil...

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EOB-DTPA er tilgjengelig gjennom en flertrinns syntese 33, men kan like gjerne være isolert fra tilgjengelige kontrastmidler inneholdende gadoxetic syre. For dette formål kan den sentrale Gd (III) -ionet utfelles med et overskudd av oksalsyre. Etter fjerning av Gd (III) oksalat og oksalsyre liganden kan isoleres ved utfelling i kaldt vann ved pH 1,5. Imidlertid, for å forbedre utbytter kolonnekromatografi av filtratet kan utføres i stedet for eller som en oppfølgingsprosedyre. Enten metode gir det analyt...

Gadoxetic syre, et vanlig navn for Gd (III) -komplekset av liganden EOB-DTPA 1, er en hyppig benyttet kontrastmiddel i hepatobiliær magnetisk resonansavbildning (MRI). 2,3 På grunn av dets spesifikke opptak av leveren hepatocytter og høy andel av hepatobiliære utskillelse det muliggjør lokalisering av fokale lesjoner og leversvulster. 2-5 Men visse begrensninger av MR teknikk (f.eks toksisitet av kontrastmidler, begrenset anvendelse i pasienter med klaustrofobi eller metall implantater) kaller for en alternativ diagnostisk verktøy . Positronemisjonstomografi (PET) er en molekylær avbildningsmetode, karakterisert ved at en liten mengde av et radioaktivt stoff (sporstoff) administreres, hvorpå dens fordeling i kroppen er registrert av en PET-skanner. 6 PET er en dynamisk metode som gjør det mulig for høy romlig og tidsmessig oppløsning av bilder samt kvantifisering av resultatene, uten å måtteavtale med side-effekter av MRI-kontrastmidler. Den informative verdien av den oppnådde metabolsk informasjon kan ytterligere økes ved kombinasjon med anatomiske data som mottas fra flere avbildningsmetoder, som oftest oppnås ved å hybrid avbildning med computertomografi (CT) i PET / CT-skannere. Den kjemiske strukturen til et sporstoff er egnet for PET må inneholde en radioaktiv isotop som tjener som positronemitter. Positroner har en kort levetid siden de nesten umiddelbart tilintetgjøre med elektroner i atomet skall av omkringliggende vev. Ved utslettelse to 511 keV gamma-fotoner med motsatt bevegelsesretning som slippes ut, som blir registrert av PET-skanneren. 7,8 For å danne en tracer, PET nuklider som kan bindes kovalent til et molekyl, slik tilfellet er i 2-deoxy- 2- [18 F] fluoroglucose (FDG), den mest brukte PET tracer. 7 kan imidlertid en nuklide også danne koordinerende bånd til en eller flere ligander (f.eks, [68 Ga] -DOTATOC 9,10) eller anvendes som oppløste uorganiske salter (for eksempel [18F] natriumfluorid 11). Fullstendig, er strukturen av spor viktig ettersom den bestemmer dens biodistribusjon, metabolisme og ekskresjon oppførsel. En egnet PET nuklide bør kombinere fordelaktige egenskaper som praktisk positron energi og tilgjengeligheten, samt en halveringstid adekvat for den tilsiktede undersøkelsen. Den 68 Ga nuklide er blitt en vesentlig kraft i feltet av PET i løpet av de siste to tiårene. 12,13 Dette er hovedsakelig på grunn av dens tilgjengelighet i et generatorsystem, som tillater merking på stedet uavhengig fra nærheten av en syklotron. I en generator, mor nuklide 68 Ge absorberes på en kolonne fra hvilken datter nuklide 68 Ga elueres og deretter merket til en passende chelator. 6,14 Siden 68 Ga nuklide eksisterer som en trivalent kation på samme måte som Gd (III) 10,13, chelaterende EOB-DTPA med 68 Ga i stedet ville gi et kompleks med den samme totale negative ladning som gadoxetic syre. Følgelig kan det 68 Ga tracer kombinere en lignende karakteristikk lever spesifisitet med egnethet for PET billeddiagnostikk. Selv gadoxetic syre er kjøpt og administreres som dinatrium salt, i følgende sammenheng vil vi referere til det som Gd [EOB-DTPA] og til ikke-radioaktive Ga (III) kompleks som Ga [EOB-DTPA], eller 68 Ga [ EOB-DTPA] i tilfelle av radiomerket komponent for letthets skyld. For å vurdere deres egnethet som sporstoffer for PET, radioaktive metallkomplekser må undersøkes mye i in vitro, in vivo eller ex vivo eksperimenter først. For å bestemme egnethet for en respektiv medisinsk problem, ulike spor egenskaper som biodistribusjon atferd og rydding profilen, stabilitet, orgel spesifisitet og celle eller tissue-opptaket må undersøkes. På grunn av deres ikke-invasiv karakter, er in vitro-bestemmelser ofte utført forut for in vivo eksperimenter. Det er generelt anerkjent at DTPA og dets derivater er begrenset egnet som kelatorer for 68 Ga grunn av disse kompleksene mangler kinetic treghet, noe som resulterer i forholdsvis rask nedbrytning når administrert in vivo. 14-20 Dette er først og fremst forårsaket av Apo transferrin opptre som en konkurrent for 68 Ga i plasma. Likevel, undersøkte vi dette nye tracer om dens mulig søknad i hepatobiliær bildebehandling, hvor diagnostisk informasjon kan gis i løpet av minutter etter injeksjon 3,4,21-23, og dermed ikke nødvendigvis krever langsiktig tracer stabilitet. For dette formål vi isolert EOB-DTPA fra gadoxetic syre og opprinnelig utførte kompleksering med naturlig Ga (III), som foreligger som blanding av to stabile isotoper, 69 Ga og 71 </sup&gt; Ga. Komplekset således oppnådde tjente som ikke-radioaktive standard for følgende chelatering av 68 Ga. Vi brukte etablerte metoder og samtidig evaluert deres egnethet for å bestemme 68 effektiviteten av Galabeling EOB-DTPA og for å undersøke lipofilisiteten av den nye 68 Ga tracer og dens stabilitet i ulike medier.

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="682">
	<colgroup>
		<col />
		<col />
		<col />
		<col />
	</colgroup>
	<tbody>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">primovist</td>
			<td style="width:180px;">Bayer</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">-</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">0.25 M</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">gallium(III) chloride</td>
			<td style="width:180px;">Sigma-Aldrich Co.</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">450898</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">water (deionized)</td>
			<td style="width:180px;">-</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">-</td>
			<td>&#160;tap water deionizing equipment by Auma-Tec GmbH</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">hydrochloric acid 12 M</td>
			<td style="width:180px;">VWR</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">20252.29</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:216px;">sodium hydroxide</td>
			<td style="width:180px;">Polskie Odczynniki Chemiczne S.A.</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">810925429</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">oxalic acid</td>
			<td style="width:180px;">Sigma-Aldrich Co.</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">75688</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">ethyl acetate</td>
			<td style="width:180px;">Brenntag GmbH</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">10010447</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">silica gel</td>
			<td style="width:180px;">Merck KGaA</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">1.10832.9025</td>
			<td>Geduran Si 60 0,063-0,2 mm</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">TLC silica gel 60 F254</td>
			<td style="width:180px;">Merck KGaA</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">1.16834.0001</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">methanol</td>
			<td style="width:180px;">VWR</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">20903.55</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">ethanol</td>
			<td style="width:180px;">Brenntag GmbH</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">10018366</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">eiethylether</td>
			<td style="width:180px;">VWR</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">23807.468</td>
			<td>stored over KOH plates</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">ammonia solution (25 %)</td>
			<td style="width:180px;">VWR</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">1133.1</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">pH electrode</td>
			<td style="width:180px;">VWR</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">662-1657</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">stirring and heating unit</td>
			<td style="width:180px;">Heidolph</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">505-20000-00</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">pump</td>
			<td style="width:180px;">Ilmvac GmbH</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">322002</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">frit</td>
			<td style="width:180px;">-</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">custom design</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">NMR spectrometer</td>
			<td style="width:180px;">Bruker Coorporation</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">-</td>
			<td>Ultra Shield 400</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:216px;">mass spectrometer</td>
			<td style="width:180px;">Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc.</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">-</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">elemental analyser</td>
			<td>Hekatech GmbH Analysentechnik</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">-</td>
			<td>EuroVector EA 3000 CHNS</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="25">
			<td height="25" style="height:25px;width:216px;">deuterated water D2O</td>
			<td style="width:180px;">euriso-top</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">D214</td>
			<td>99,90 % D</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Name</td>
			<td style="width:180px;">Company</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">Catalog Number</td>
			<td>Comments</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td colspan="4" height="21" style="height:21px;width:681px;">Material/Equipment required for labeling procedures</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:216px;">68Ge/68Ga generator</td>
			<td style="width:180px;">ITG Isotope Technologies Garching GmbH</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">A150</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">pump and dispenser system</td>
			<td style="width:180px;">Scintomics GmbH</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">-</td>
			<td>Variosystem</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:216px;">hydrochloric acid 30 % (suprapur)</td>
			<td style="width:180px;">Merck KGaA</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">1.00318.1000</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">water (ultrapur)</td>
			<td style="width:180px;">Merck KGaA</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">1.01262.1000</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">sodium chloride (suprapur)</td>
			<td style="width:180px;">Merck KGaA</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">1.06406.0500</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">sodium acetate (suprapur)</td>
			<td style="width:180px;">Merck KGaA</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">1.06264.0050</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">glacial acetic acid (suprapur)</td>
			<td style="width:180px;">Merck KGaA</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">1.00066.0250</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">sodium citrate dihydrate</td>
			<td style="width:180px;">VEB Laborchemie Apolda</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">10782</td>
			<td>&#62;98.5%</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">PS-H+ Cartridge (S)</td>
			<td style="width:180px;">Macherey-Nagel</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">731867</td>
			<td>Chromafix</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">apo-Transferrin</td>
			<td style="width:180px;">Sigma-Aldrich Co.</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">T2036</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">PBS&#160; buffer (tablets)</td>
			<td style="width:180px;">Sigma-Aldrich Co.</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">79382</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">human serum</td>
			<td style="width:180px;">Sigma-Aldrich Co.</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">H4522</td>
			<td>from human male AB plasma</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">flasks, columns etc.</td>
			<td style="width:180px;"></td>
			<td style="width:119px;">custom design</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="63">
			<td height="63" style="height:63px;width:216px;">pH electrode</td>
			<td style="width:180px;">Knick Elektronische Messger&#228;te GmbH &#38; Co. KG</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">765-Set</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:216px;">binary pump (HPLC)</td>
			<td style="width:180px;">Hewlett-Packard</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">G1312A (HP 1100)</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:216px;">UV Vis detector (HPLC)</td>
			<td style="width:180px;">Hewlett-Packard</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">G1315A (HP 1100)</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">radioactive detector (HPLC)</td>
			<td style="width:180px;">EGRC Berthold</td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="63">
			<td height="63" style="height:63px;width:216px;">HPLC C-18-PFP column</td>
			<td style="width:180px;">Advanced Chromatography Technologies Ltd.</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">ACE-1110-1503/A100528</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:216px;">HPLC glass vials</td>
			<td style="width:180px;">GTG Glastechnik Graefenroda GmbH</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">8004-HP-H/i3&#181;</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">pipette</td>
			<td style="width:180px;">Eppendorf</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">-</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">plastic vials</td>
			<td style="width:180px;">Sarstedt AG &#38; Co.</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">6542.007</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:216px;">plastic vials</td>
			<td style="width:180px;">Greiner Bio-One International GmbH</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">717201</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="63">
			<td height="63" style="height:63px;width:216px;">activimeter</td>
			<td style="width:180px;">MED Nuklear-Medizintechnik Dresden GmbH</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">-</td>
			<td>Isomed 2010</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">tweezers</td>
			<td style="width:180px;"></td>
			<td style="width:119px;">custom design</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:216px;">incubator</td>
			<td style="width:180px;">Heraeus Instruments GmbH</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">51008815</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">vortex mixer</td>
			<td style="width:180px;">Fisons</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">-</td>
			<td>Whirlimixer</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:216px;">centrifuge</td>
			<td style="width:180px;">Heraeus Instruments GmbH</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">75003360</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="63">
			<td height="63" style="height:63px;width:216px;">gamma well counter</td>
			<td style="width:180px;">MED Nuklear-Medizintechnik Dresden GmbH</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">-</td>
			<td>Isomed 2100</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">water for chromatography</td>
			<td style="width:180px;">Merck KGaA</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">1.15333.2500</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:216px;">acetonitrile for chromatography</td>
			<td style="width:180px;">Merck KGaA</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">1.00030.2500</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">trifluoroacetic acid</td>
			<td style="width:180px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">91707</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="63">
			<td height="63" style="height:63px;width:216px;">TLC radioactivity scanner</td>
			<td style="width:180px;">raytest Isotopenmessger&#228;te GmbH</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">B00003875</td>
			<td>equipped with beta plastic detector</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

investigations on the ga(iii) complex of eob-dtpa and its 68ga radiolabeled analogue

Vi viser en fremgangsmåte for isolering av EOB-DTPA (3,6,9-triaza-3,6,9-tris (karboksymetyl) -4- (etoksybenzyl) -undecanedioic syre) fra dens Gd (III) -kompleks og protokoller for fremstillingen av den nye ikke-radioaktiv, dvs. naturlig Ga (III), så vel som radioaktiv 68 Ga kompleks. Liganden samt Ga (III) kompleks ble karakterisert ved kjernemagnetisk resonans (NMR) spektroskopi, massespektrometri og elementanalyse. 68 Ga ble oppnådd ved en standard metode eluering fra en 68 Ge / 68 Ga generator. Eksperimenter for å evaluere 68 Ga-merking effektiviteten av EOB-DTPA ved pH 3,8-4,0 ble utført. Etablert analyseteknikker radio TLC (tynnsjiktskromatografi) og radio HPLC (høy ytelse væskekromatografi) ble anvendt for å bestemme den radiokjemiske renheten av spor. Som et første undersøkelse av de 68 Ga tracere &#39;lipofilisitet den n- oktanol / vann distribution koeffisient av 68 Ga arter som finnes i en pH 7,4 løsning ble bestemt ved en utvinning metode. In vitro målinger av sporstoffet i ulike medier ved fysiologisk pH stabilitet ble utført, avslørende ulike satser for nedbryting.

Liganden EOB-DTPA og den ikke-radioaktive Ga (III) kompleks ble analysert via 1H og 13C {1H} NMR-spektroskopi, massespektroskopi og elementanalyse. Resultatene er oppført i Tabell 1 og vist i figurene 1-6 bekrefte renheten av stoffene. Eluering av 68 Ge / 68 Ga generator ga oppløsninger av 400-600 MBq 68 Ga. De beskre...

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Investigations on the GaIII Complex of EOB-DTPA and Its 68Ga Radiolabeled Analogue

En fremgangsmåte for isolering av EOB-DTPA og etterfølgende kompleksering med naturlig Ga (III) og 68 Ga er presentert heri, i tillegg til en grundig analyse av alle forbindelser og undersøkelser på merking effektivitet, stabilitet in vitro, og n- oktanol / vann fordelingskoeffisienten av det radiomerkede komplekset.

Undersøkelser på Ga (III) Kompleks av EOB-DTPA og dens<sup&gt; 68</sup&gt; Ga Radiomerket Analog

We demonstrate a method for the isolation of EOB-DTPA (3,6,9-triaza-3,6,9-tris(carboxymethyl)-4-(ethoxybenzyl)-undecanedioic acid) from its Gd(III) ...

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Chemistry

Investigations on the Ga(III) Complex of EOB-DTPA and Its 68Ga Radiolabeled Analogue

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