Name: investigations on the ga(iii) complex of eob-dtpa and its 68ga radiolabeled analogue
Uploaded: 2016-08-17T13:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Investigations on the GaIII Complex of EOB-DTPA and Its 68Ga Radiolabeled Analogue at JoVE.com

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EOB-DTPA ve Ga hazırlanması 1. [EOB-DTPA] Dikkat: Kullanmadan önce kullanılan organik çözücüler, asit ve alkalin piller tüm ilgili malzeme güvenlik bilgi formlarını (MSDS) danışın. Davlumbaz tüm adımları uygulayın ve kişisel koruyucu ekipman (koruyucu gözlük, eldiven, laboratuvar önlüğü) kullanın. <ol><li> Gadoxetic asitten EOB-DTPA izolasyonu <ol><li> bir şişe içine, 0.25 M gadoxetic asit enjekte edilebilir çözelti 3 ml koyun. karıştırılan çözeltiye okzal...

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EOB-DTPA çok adımlı bir sentez 33 üzerinden erişilebilir, ancak sadece de gadoxetic asit içeren uygun kontrast ajanları izole edilebilir. Bu amaçla, merkezi Gd (III) iyonu oksalik asit fazlası ile çökeltilebilir. Gd (III) oksalat ve oksalik asitin ayrılması Ligant pH 1.5 soğuk su içinde çökeltme ile izole edilebilir. Bununla birlikte, filtre verimi kolon kromatografisine arttırmak için bunun yerine ya da bir izleme prosedürü olarak gerçekleştirilebilir. Her iki yöntem de% 70 toplam ver...

Gadoxetic asit, EOB-DTPA 1 ligandının Gd (III) kompleksi için ortak bir isim nedeniyle, karaciğer hepatosit ve yüksek yüzde ile kendine özgü alımı için hepatobiliyer manyetik rezonans görüntüleme (MRG). 2,3 sık kullanılan kontrast ajandır hepatobiliyer atılımı fokal lezyonları ve hepatik tümörlerin lokalizasyonu sağlar. 2-5 Bununla birlikte, MRI tekniğinin belirli sınırlamaları (örneğin, kontrast maddelerin toksisite, klostrofobi veya metal implantlar olan hastalarda sınırlı uygulanabilirlik) alternatif bir tanı aracı için çağrı . Pozitron emisyon tomografisi (PET) gövdesinde dağıtım PET tarayıcı tarafından kaydedilen edildiği radyoaktif bir madde (izleyici-tracer) ve az miktarda tatbik edildiği bir moleküler görüntüleme yöntemi vardır. 6 PET, yüksek olanak sağlayan bir dinamik bir yöntemdir gerek kalmadan mekansal ve zamansal görüntülerin çözünürlüğü yanı sıra sonuçların ölçümü,MRI kontrast ajanları yan etkileri ile ilgilidir. Elde edilen metabolik bilgilerin bilgilendirici değeri daha da gibi en sık PET / BT tarayıcıları bilgisayarlı tomografi (BT) ile hibrid görüntüleme ile elde ek görüntüleme yöntemleri alınan anatomik verilerle birlikte artabilir. PET için uygun bir izleyicinin kimyasal yapısı pozitron yayıcı olarak hizmet veren bir radyoaktif izotop içermelidir. Positrons onlar hemen dokuyu çevreleyen atom kabuklarının elektronlarla imha beri kısa yaşam süreleri vardır. Yok edilmesi ile hareket ters yönde iki 511 keV&#39;lik gama fotonları PET tarayıcı tarafından kaydedilen olan yayılan. 7,8 PET nuclides bir molekül bağlanmış olabilir, bir izleyici oluşturulması için, 2-deoksi-olduğu gibi 2- [18F] floroglukoz (FDG), en yaygın olarak kullanılan PET izleyici. 7 Ancak, nüklid, aynı zamanda, bir ya da daha fazla ligand ile koordinatif bağlar oluşturan (örn[68Ga] -DOTATOC 9,10) ya da () çözündürüldü inorganik tuzlar gibi, örneğin, [18F] sodyum fluorür 11 uygulanabilir. onun biodistribution, metabolizma ve atılım davranışını belirler olarak Toplamda, izleyicinin yapısı çok önemlidir. Uygun bir PET nüklid uygun pozitron enerji ve kullanılabilirliği yanı sıra istenen soruşturma için yeterli bir yarılanma ömrü gibi olumlu özelliklerini birleştirir gerekir. 68 Ga Nüklidin son yirmi yılda PET alanında önemli bir güç haline gelmiştir. 12,13 Bu durum bir siklotrondan çevresinde bağımsız bünyesinde etiketleme sağlayan bir jeneratör sistemi ile onun durumu, esas olarak. Bir jeneratör, anne 68 Ge yavru nüklid 68Ga, uygun bir kenetleyici ile yıkanır ve daha sonra etiketlenmiş olan bir sütun üzerinde emilir nüklidin. 6,14 68Ga nüklid bir trival olarak var yanagadoxetic asit gibi aynı genel negatif yük ile bir kompleks doğuracak yerine 68 Ga ile EOB-DTPA kenetleme sadece Gd (III) 10,13 gibi ent katyon. Buna göre, bu 68 Ga izleyici PET görüntüleme için uygunluğu benzer bir karakteristik karaciğer özgüllük birleştirmek olabilir. Gadoxetic asit takip eden kapsamda satın alınmış ve disodyum tuzu olarak tatbik edilmektedir, ancak biz Gd [EOB-DTPA] gibi başvurmak GA [EOB-DTPA] ya da 68 Ga [olarak radyoaktif olmayan GA (III) kompleksine kolaylık bakımından radyo-etiketli bileşenin durumunda EOB-DTPA]. PET için izleyiciler, radyoaktif metal kompleksleri ilk önce in vivo ya da ex vivo deneyler, in vitro kapsamlı olarak incelenmesi gerekebilir olarak uygulanabilirliğini değerlendirmek. ilgili bir tıbbi sorun için uygun olup olmadığını belirlemek için, biyolojik dağılım davranış ve boşluk profili, istikrar, organ özgüllük ve hücre veya Tissu&#39;nun gibi çeşitli izleyici özelliklerialımın araştırılması gerekmektedir. Sahip oldukları invazif olmayan karakteri nedeniyle, in vitro saptanması genellikle in vivo deneyler önce gerçekleştirilir. Genel olarak, in vivo olarak uygulandığında DTPA ve türevleri nispeten hızlı bir ayrışma elde kinetik inertlik yoksun nedeniyle bu komplekslerin 68 Ga için kenetleyiciler, sınırlandırılmadıkça uygunluk olduğu kabul edilmektedir. 14-20 Bu öncelikle bir şekilde hareket eden APO transferrin kaynaklanır plazmada 68 Ga için rakip. Yine de, biz tanılama bilgilerini ve böylece mutlaka uzun vadeli izleyici istikrar gerekmeyen, birkaç dakika içinde post-enjeksiyon 3,4,21-23 sağlanabilir burada hepatobiliyer görüntüleme, onun olası uygulama ile ilgili bu yeni izleyici araştırdık. Bu amaçla gadoxetic asitten EOB-DTPA izole edilmiş ve ilk iki sabit izotoplar, 69 GA ve 71 karışımı olarak var olabilir, doğal Ga (III) ile kompleks gerçekleştirilen </sup&gt; Ga. Kompleks, 68Ga, aşağıdaki kelasyon için radyoaktif olmayan bir standart olarak hizmet elde edilmiştir. Biz yöntemleri kurulan ve aynı anda EOB-DTPA 68 Galabeling verimliliğini belirleyen ve yeni 68 Ga izleyici lipofilitesi ve farklı ortamlarda istikrarını araştırmak için onların uygunluğunu değerlendirildi kullanmıştır.

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="682">
	<colgroup>
		<col />
		<col />
		<col />
		<col />
	</colgroup>
	<tbody>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">primovist</td>
			<td style="width:180px;">Bayer</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">-</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">0.25 M</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">gallium(III) chloride</td>
			<td style="width:180px;">Sigma-Aldrich Co.</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">450898</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">water (deionized)</td>
			<td style="width:180px;">-</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">-</td>
			<td>&#160;tap water deionizing equipment by Auma-Tec GmbH</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">hydrochloric acid 12 M</td>
			<td style="width:180px;">VWR</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">20252.29</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:216px;">sodium hydroxide</td>
			<td style="width:180px;">Polskie Odczynniki Chemiczne S.A.</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">810925429</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">oxalic acid</td>
			<td style="width:180px;">Sigma-Aldrich Co.</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">75688</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">ethyl acetate</td>
			<td style="width:180px;">Brenntag GmbH</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">10010447</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">silica gel</td>
			<td style="width:180px;">Merck KGaA</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">1.10832.9025</td>
			<td>Geduran Si 60 0,063-0,2 mm</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">TLC silica gel 60 F254</td>
			<td style="width:180px;">Merck KGaA</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">1.16834.0001</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">methanol</td>
			<td style="width:180px;">VWR</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">20903.55</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">ethanol</td>
			<td style="width:180px;">Brenntag GmbH</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">10018366</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">eiethylether</td>
			<td style="width:180px;">VWR</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">23807.468</td>
			<td>stored over KOH plates</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">ammonia solution (25 %)</td>
			<td style="width:180px;">VWR</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">1133.1</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">pH electrode</td>
			<td style="width:180px;">VWR</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">662-1657</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">stirring and heating unit</td>
			<td style="width:180px;">Heidolph</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">505-20000-00</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">pump</td>
			<td style="width:180px;">Ilmvac GmbH</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">322002</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">frit</td>
			<td style="width:180px;">-</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">custom design</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">NMR spectrometer</td>
			<td style="width:180px;">Bruker Coorporation</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">-</td>
			<td>Ultra Shield 400</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:216px;">mass spectrometer</td>
			<td style="width:180px;">Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc.</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">-</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">elemental analyser</td>
			<td>Hekatech GmbH Analysentechnik</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">-</td>
			<td>EuroVector EA 3000 CHNS</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="25">
			<td height="25" style="height:25px;width:216px;">deuterated water D2O</td>
			<td style="width:180px;">euriso-top</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">D214</td>
			<td>99,90 % D</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Name</td>
			<td style="width:180px;">Company</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">Catalog Number</td>
			<td>Comments</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td colspan="4" height="21" style="height:21px;width:681px;">Material/Equipment required for labeling procedures</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:216px;">68Ge/68Ga generator</td>
			<td style="width:180px;">ITG Isotope Technologies Garching GmbH</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">A150</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">pump and dispenser system</td>
			<td style="width:180px;">Scintomics GmbH</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">-</td>
			<td>Variosystem</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:216px;">hydrochloric acid 30 % (suprapur)</td>
			<td style="width:180px;">Merck KGaA</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">1.00318.1000</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">water (ultrapur)</td>
			<td style="width:180px;">Merck KGaA</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">1.01262.1000</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">sodium chloride (suprapur)</td>
			<td style="width:180px;">Merck KGaA</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">1.06406.0500</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">sodium acetate (suprapur)</td>
			<td style="width:180px;">Merck KGaA</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">1.06264.0050</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">glacial acetic acid (suprapur)</td>
			<td style="width:180px;">Merck KGaA</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">1.00066.0250</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">sodium citrate dihydrate</td>
			<td style="width:180px;">VEB Laborchemie Apolda</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">10782</td>
			<td>&#62;98.5%</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">PS-H+ Cartridge (S)</td>
			<td style="width:180px;">Macherey-Nagel</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">731867</td>
			<td>Chromafix</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">apo-Transferrin</td>
			<td style="width:180px;">Sigma-Aldrich Co.</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">T2036</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">PBS&#160; buffer (tablets)</td>
			<td style="width:180px;">Sigma-Aldrich Co.</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">79382</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">human serum</td>
			<td style="width:180px;">Sigma-Aldrich Co.</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">H4522</td>
			<td>from human male AB plasma</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">flasks, columns etc.</td>
			<td style="width:180px;"></td>
			<td style="width:119px;">custom design</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="63">
			<td height="63" style="height:63px;width:216px;">pH electrode</td>
			<td style="width:180px;">Knick Elektronische Messger&#228;te GmbH &#38; Co. KG</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">765-Set</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:216px;">binary pump (HPLC)</td>
			<td style="width:180px;">Hewlett-Packard</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">G1312A (HP 1100)</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:216px;">UV Vis detector (HPLC)</td>
			<td style="width:180px;">Hewlett-Packard</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">G1315A (HP 1100)</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">radioactive detector (HPLC)</td>
			<td style="width:180px;">EGRC Berthold</td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="63">
			<td height="63" style="height:63px;width:216px;">HPLC C-18-PFP column</td>
			<td style="width:180px;">Advanced Chromatography Technologies Ltd.</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">ACE-1110-1503/A100528</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:216px;">HPLC glass vials</td>
			<td style="width:180px;">GTG Glastechnik Graefenroda GmbH</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">8004-HP-H/i3&#181;</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">pipette</td>
			<td style="width:180px;">Eppendorf</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">-</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">plastic vials</td>
			<td style="width:180px;">Sarstedt AG &#38; Co.</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">6542.007</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:216px;">plastic vials</td>
			<td style="width:180px;">Greiner Bio-One International GmbH</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">717201</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="63">
			<td height="63" style="height:63px;width:216px;">activimeter</td>
			<td style="width:180px;">MED Nuklear-Medizintechnik Dresden GmbH</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">-</td>
			<td>Isomed 2010</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">tweezers</td>
			<td style="width:180px;"></td>
			<td style="width:119px;">custom design</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:216px;">incubator</td>
			<td style="width:180px;">Heraeus Instruments GmbH</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">51008815</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">vortex mixer</td>
			<td style="width:180px;">Fisons</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">-</td>
			<td>Whirlimixer</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:216px;">centrifuge</td>
			<td style="width:180px;">Heraeus Instruments GmbH</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">75003360</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="63">
			<td height="63" style="height:63px;width:216px;">gamma well counter</td>
			<td style="width:180px;">MED Nuklear-Medizintechnik Dresden GmbH</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">-</td>
			<td>Isomed 2100</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">water for chromatography</td>
			<td style="width:180px;">Merck KGaA</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">1.15333.2500</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:216px;">acetonitrile for chromatography</td>
			<td style="width:180px;">Merck KGaA</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">1.00030.2500</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">trifluoroacetic acid</td>
			<td style="width:180px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">91707</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="63">
			<td height="63" style="height:63px;width:216px;">TLC radioactivity scanner</td>
			<td style="width:180px;">raytest Isotopenmessger&#228;te GmbH</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">B00003875</td>
			<td>equipped with beta plastic detector</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

investigations on the ga(iii) complex of eob-dtpa and its 68ga radiolabeled analogue

Bu EOB-DTPA (3,6,9-triaza-3,6,9-tris (karboksimetil) -4- (etoksibenzil) -undecanedioic asit) onun Gd (III) kompleks ve protokoller için izolasyonu için bir yöntem ortaya koymaktadır Buluşun yeni radyoaktif olmayan, yani, doğal GA (III) &#39;ün hem de radyoaktif 68Ga kompleksinin hazırlanması. Karmaşık bir ligand olarak GA (III), nükleer manyetik rezonans (NMR) spektroskopi ve kütle spektrometresi ve element analizi ile karakterize edildi. 68Ga 68 ge / 68Ga jeneratöründen standart yıkama yöntemi ile elde edilmiştir. Deneyler 3.8-4.0 yapıldı pH EOB-DTPA 68 Ga-etiketleme etkinliğini değerlendirmek için. Kurulan analiz teknikleri, radyo TLC (ince tabaka kromatografi) ve radyo HPLC (yüksek performanslı sıvı kromatografisi) izleyici radyokimyasal saflığı belirlemek için kullanılmıştır. 68 Ga Tracers &#39;Lipofillik oktanol / su distributio ilk soruşturma olarakpH 7.4 çözeltisi içinde mevcut 68Ga türlerinin N katsayısı bir ekstraksiyon yöntemi ile belirlendi. yapıldı fizyolojik pH&#39;da çeşitli medya radyofarmasötiğin in vitro stabilitesi ölçümü, ayrışma farklı oranlarda ortaya çıkarılmıştır.

Ligand EOB-DTPA ve radyoaktif olmayan GA (III) &#39;ün 1 H ve13C {1H} NMR spektroskopisi, kütle spektrometrisi ve elementel analiz ile analiz edildi kompleksi. Şekiller 1-6, Tablo 1 &#39;de listelenmiştir ve gösterilen sonuçlar madde saflığını teyit. 68 Ge / 68 Ga jeneratör elüsyon 400-600 MBq 68<...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Investigations on the GaIII Complex of EOB-DTPA and Its 68Ga Radiolabeled Analogue at JoVE.com

Investigations on the GaIII Complex of EOB-DTPA and Its 68Ga Radiolabeled Analogue

EOB-DTPA izolasyonu ve sonraki Kompleksleşmeye doğal Ga (III) ve 68 ile Ga burada sunulan yanı sıra etiketleme verimliliği üzerinde tüm bileşiklerin ve soruşturmaların tam bir analizini, in vitro istikrar ve n-oktanol / su için bir prosedür Radyo-etiketli kompleks dağılım katsayısı.

EOB-DTPA ve Ga (III) Complex Araştırmalar Onun<sup&gt; 68</sup&gt; Ga Radyoaktif Analog

We demonstrate a method for the isolation of EOB-DTPA (3,6,9-triaza-3,6,9-tris(carboxymethyl)-4-(ethoxybenzyl)-undecanedioic acid) from its Gd(III) ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Chemistry

Investigations on the Ga(III) Complex of EOB-DTPA and Its 68Ga Radiolabeled Analogue

LabVIEW-operated Novel Nanoliter Osmometer for Ice Binding Protein Investigations

Buz Bağlayıcı Protein İncelemelerde LabVIEW çalıştırılan Roman nanolitre Ozmometre

Ice-binding proteins (IBPs), including antifreeze proteins, ice structuring proteins, thermal hysteresis proteins, and ice recrystallization inhibition ...

Reductive Electropolymerization of a Vinyl-containing Poly-pyridyl Complex on Glassy Carbon and Fluorine-doped Tin Oxide Electrodes

Camsı karbon ve flüor katkılı kalay oksit elektrotlar üzerinde vinil içerikli poli-piridil Kompleksinin indirgeyici elektrokimyasal

Controllable electrode surface modification is important in a number of fields, especially those with solar fuels applications. Electropolymerization is ...

Photochemical Oxidative Growth of Iridium Oxide Nanoparticles on CdSe@CdS Nanorods

CdSe @ CdS nanorods üzerinde İridyum Oksit Nanopartiküller Fotokimyasal Oksidatif Büyüme

We demonstrate a procedure for the photochemical oxidative growth of iridium oxide catalysts on the surface of seeded cadmium selenide-cadmium sulfide ...

Synthesis and Characterization of Supramolecular Colloids

Supramoleküler Kolloidlerin Sentezi ve Karakterizasyonu

Control over colloidal assembly is of utmost importance for the development of functional colloidal materials with tailored structural and mechanical ...

On-line Analysis of Nitrogen Containing Compounds in Complex Hydrocarbon Matrixes

Karmaşık Hidrokarbon Matrisler içinde İçeren Bileşiklerin Azot On-line Analizi

The shift to heavy crude oils and the use of alternative fossil resources such as shale oil are a challenge for the petrochemical industry. The ...

Preparation of Chitosan-based Injectable Hydrogels and Its Application in 3D Cell Culture

Kitosan-esaslı enjekte edilebilir Hydrogels ve kendi uygulamasında 3D hücre kültürü hazırlanması

The protocol presents a facile, efficient, and versatile method to prepare chitosan-based hydrogels using dynamic imine chemistry. The hydrogel is ...

Bio-inspired Polydopamine Surface Modification of Nanodiamonds and Its Reduction of Silver Nanoparticles

Nanodiamonds ve gümüş nano tanecikleri onun azaltılması biyo-ilham Polydopamine yüzey modifikasyonu

Surface functionalization of nanodiamonds (NDs) is still challenging due to the diversity of functional groups on the ND surfaces. Here, we demonstrate a ...

Molten-Salt Synthesis of Complex Metal Oxide Nanoparticles

Karmaşık Metal Oksit nano tanecikleri erimiş tuz sentezi

The development of feasible synthesis methods is critical for the successful exploration of novel properties and potential applications of nanomaterials. ...

Extraction of Lignin with High &#946;-O-4 Content by Mild Ethanol Extraction and Its Effect on the Depolymerization Yield

Extraction of Lignin with High ÃƒÆ’Ã…Â½Ãƒâ€šÃ‚Â²-O-4 Content by Mild Ethanol Extraction and Its Effect on the Depolymerization Yield

Yüksek β-O-4 içeriği ile Lignin çıkarımı hafif etanol ayıklama ve bozulumu verim üzerindeki etkisi

Lignin valorization strategies are a key factor for achieving more economically competitive biorefineries based on lignocellulosic biomass. Most of the ...