Name: fluorescent orthotopic mouse model of pancreatic cancer
Uploaded: 2016-09-20T08:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Fluorescent Orthotopic Mouse Model of Pancreatic Cancer at JoVE.com

We thank the Western University of Health Sciences for the Intramural Grant.

下面描述的协议的指导和西大学的动物护理和使用委员会的批准下进行。所有的实验都符合所有相关的准则，法规和监管机构执行。 1.细胞培养<ol><li> 完全培养基制备 <ol><li>使用II类生物安全柜，由无菌加入胎牛血清（FBS）和青霉素链霉素（P / S），以500毫升瓶的RPMI培养基的制备完全培养基。纷飞轻轻混匀。每个补充的终浓度为10％FBS和1％P / S（V / V）。例如，?...

<ol>
	<li>Smyth, E., Cunningham, D., Kasper, D., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=.">.</a> Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine. , (2015).</li><li>Mahipal, A., Frakes, J., Hoffe, S., Kim, R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Management+of+borderline+resectable+pancreatic+cancer.">Management of borderline resectable pancreatic cancer.</a> World J Gastrointest Oncol. 7, 241-249 (2015).</li><li>De La Cruz, M. S., Young, A. P., Ruffin, M. T. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Diagnosis+and+management+of+pancreatic+cancer.">Diagnosis and management of pancreatic cancer.</a> Am Fam Physician. 89, 626-632 (2014).</li><li>Frese, K. K., Tuveson, D. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Maximizing+mouse+cancer+models.">Maximizing mouse cancer models.</a> Nat Rev Cancer. 7, 645-658 (2007).</li><li>Hoffman, R. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Patient-derived+orthotopic+xenografts:+better+mimic+of+metastasis+than+subcutaneous+xenografts.">Patient-derived orthotopic xenografts: better mimic of metastasis than subcutaneous xenografts.</a> Nat Rev Cancer. 15, 451-452 (2015).</li><li>Hoffman, R. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+multiple+uses+of+fluorescent+proteins+to+visualize+cancer+in+vivo.">The multiple uses of fluorescent proteins to visualize cancer in vivo.</a> Nat Rev Cancer. 5, 796-806 (2005).</li><li>Jiang, Y. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Establishment+of+an+orthotopic+pancreatic+cancer+mouse+model:+cells+suspended+and+injected+in+Matrigel.">Establishment of an orthotopic pancreatic cancer mouse model: cells suspended and injected in Matrigel.</a> World J Gastroenterol. 20, 9476-9485 (2014).</li><li>Arranz, A., Ripoll, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Advances+in+optical+imaging+for+pharmacological+studies.">Advances in optical imaging for pharmacological studies.</a> Front Pharmacol. 6, 189 (2015).</li><li>Metildi, C. A., Kaushal, S., Hoffman, R. M., Bouvet, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=In+vivo+serial+selection+of+human+pancreatic+cancer+cells+in+orthotopic+mouse+models+produces+high+metastatic+variants+irrespective+of+Kras+status.">In vivo serial selection of human pancreatic cancer cells in orthotopic mouse models produces high metastatic variants irrespective of Kras status.</a> J Surg Res. 184, 290-298 (2013).</li><li>Kim, M. P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Generation+of+orthotopic+and+heterotopic+human+pancreatic+cancer+xenografts+in+immunodeficient+mice.">Generation of orthotopic and heterotopic human pancreatic cancer xenografts in immunodeficient mice.</a> Nat Protoc. 4, 1670-1680 (2009).</li><li>Katz, M. H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Survival+efficacy+of+adjuvant+cytosine-analogue+CS-682+in+a+fluorescent+orthotopic+model+of+human+pancreatic+cancer.">Survival efficacy of adjuvant cytosine-analogue CS-682 in a fluorescent orthotopic model of human pancreatic cancer.</a> Cancer Res. 64, 1828-1833 (2004).</li><li>Bouvet, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Real-time+optical+imaging+of+primary+tumor+growth+and+multiple+metastatic+events+in+a+pancreatic+cancer+orthotopic+model.">Real-time optical imaging of primary tumor growth and multiple metastatic events in a pancreatic cancer orthotopic model.</a> Cancer Res. 62, 1534-1540 (2002).</li></ol>

我们描述了胰腺癌的原位小鼠模型它表达绿色荧光蛋白，从而允许肿瘤生长的非侵入性监控用整个身体的体内荧光成像（ 图1）。这种技术使我们能够实时监测肿瘤发展（ 图3）;它可以为研究人员研究针对胰腺癌的新试剂的治疗功效的重要工具。这种模式的另一个重要方面是，GFP荧光提供了一种视觉提示指示成功植入和胰腺癌的生长;否则将难以在活的动物来衡量。...

胰腺癌诊断与增加的频率相对于其它癌症和是在美国癌症相关死亡的第 4主要原因。从诊断时，患者的90％以上，五年内1,2死亡。目前，手术切除肿瘤是胰腺癌唯一的治疗，但患者不足20％有资格接受手术，主要是因为在诊断时疾病是一个先进的阶段，并已转移3,4。缺乏特异性症状，使胰腺癌的一种无声的疾病;一些症状包括腹痛，背痛，食欲不振，黄疸和恶心的损失;可以很容易地解释为常见的消化系统疾病4。由于这个原因，重要的是开发新的药理学工具在胰腺癌的诊断和治疗，以帮助是重要的。 利用动物模型可以让我们了解pancre生物学ATIC癌症并提供了一​​个深入了解将这一知识用于人类。胰腺癌的异种移植原位模型是现实的，因为肿瘤起源于5器官生长。在对比异位模型，其中细胞系或肿瘤片段皮下植入，原位建模允许肿瘤微环境和模拟物的肿瘤细胞的相互作用的与其周围6的娱乐。此处所描述的异种移植物模型由人胰腺癌细胞系PANC-1的GFP，这是基因工程化以表达绿色荧光蛋白（GFP）派生的肿瘤。 GFP检测允许用于非侵入性成像和肿瘤生长和转移7的监视。肿瘤发展迅速发生，自发地和非常类似于人类胰腺癌患者8的原 ​​发肿瘤。原位模型提供药物疗效的一个更准确的预测响应于治疗剂，而模拟肿瘤微环境。 如上所述，这种动物模型可让肿瘤生长和转移的实时荧光检测。荧光检测允许相比，发光更直接/实时成像。荧光的发射光是由一较短波长的另一个光的激发的结果;而在发光，该发出的光的化学反应的结果，并且可能不具有强发射9。此外， 在体内荧光成像全身是不损害动物，并允许研究人员来监测肿瘤的生长随时间响应于治疗性治疗。

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	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>RPMI media 1640&#160;</td>
			<td>Caisson Labs&#160;</td>
			<td>RPL03-500ML</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Fetal Bovine Serum&#160;</td>
			<td>Gibco</td>
			<td>10437-077</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Penicillin Streptomycin&#160;&#160;</td>
			<td>Thermo Ficher Sci</td>
			<td>15140-122</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Matrigel HC&#160;</td>
			<td>Corning&#160;</td>
			<td>354248</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>SutureVet PGA 6-0 PGA</td>
			<td>Henry Schein</td>
			<td>39010</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Alcare or Foamed Antiseptic Handrub</td>
			<td>Steris</td>
			<td>639680</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>DPBS (Dubelcco&#39;s Phosphate-Buffered saline)&#160;</td>
			<td>Thermo Ficher Sci</td>
			<td>21300025</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>TB Syringe 27G1/2</td>
			<td>Becton Dickinson</td>
			<td>305620</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Isoflurane&#160;</td>
			<td>Blutler Schein</td>
			<td>50562</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Ketoprofen&#160;</td>
			<td>Fort Dodge Animal Health&#160;</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Surgical Scissors, 5.5&#34;straight mayo&#160;</td>
			<td>Henry Schein</td>
			<td>22-1600</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>PANC-1 GFP cell line&#160;</td>
			<td>Anticancer, Inc</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Small Animal Imaging System:</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>iBOx Scientia, UVP :</td>
			<td>UVP, LLC&#160; Upland, CA.&#160;</td>
			<td colspan="2">Small Animal Imaging System to observe the fluorescent tumor in live animals</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

fluorescent orthotopic mouse model of pancreatic cancer

胰腺癌仍然是其中存活尚未在过去的几十年大大提高了癌症之一。只有确诊患者的7％将生存超过五年。为了理解和模仿胰腺肿瘤的微环境，我们利用胰腺癌的小鼠原位模型，允许肿瘤进展的非侵入性成像的实时性。表达绿色荧光蛋白（PANC-1，GFP）胰腺癌细胞悬浮于基底膜基质，浓度高，（ 例如 ，基质胶HC）与无血清培养基，然后注入通过剖腹胰腺的尾巴。在高浓度基底膜基质中的细胞悬浮液变成凝胶状物质一旦达到室温;因此，当它与胰腺接触，形成在注射部位的密封，防止任何细胞泄漏它胶凝。肿瘤生长和转移到其他器官活监视动物用荧光。它是使用适当的过滤器的GFP的激发和发射的关键。对于原位移植的步骤，在这篇文章中有详细因此，研究人员可以很容易地复制在裸鼠体内的过程。这个协议的主要步骤是制备细胞悬浮液，手术植入，和全身荧光体内成像。此原位模型被设计为调查对原发性和转移性肿瘤新的治疗的功效。

这个方法描述了荧光人胰腺癌细胞的外科原位移植，着眼于制备细胞悬浮液注射，对啮齿类动物适当麻醉，通过剖腹分娩细胞悬浮液，以及使用荧光体内小动物成像的。检测2和3星期之间的绿色荧光信号（GFP信号）植入后的，为研究人员提供视觉提示以确认显影胰腺癌肿瘤（ 图1）的存在。 图1是由一个鼠的三个图像的同PANC-1的GFP荧光的肿瘤...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Fluorescent Orthotopic Mouse Model of Pancreatic Cancer at JoVE.com

Fluorescent Orthotopic Mouse Model of Pancreatic Cancer

胰腺癌的荧光原位小鼠模型

A procedure to implant green fluorescent protein-expressing pancreatic cancer cells (PANC-1 GFP) orthotopically into the pancreas of Balb-c Ola Hsd-Fox1nu mice to assess tumor progression and metastasis is presented here.

Pancreatic cancer remains one of the cancers for which survival has not improved substantially in the last few decades. Only 7% of diagnosed patients will ...

The overall goal of this procedure is to develop a mouse orthotopic model of fluorescent pancreatic cancer that can be monitored non-invasively in a live animal. This model allows a non-invasive study of the effects of a specific drug of interest on a primary tumor and its metastasis in a live animal. The main advantage of this technique is that the effects of the treatments can be easily observed in situ.Begin by thawing an aliquot of high-concentration Matrigel according to the manufacturer's instructions. Next, wash each flask of cells with five milliliters of DPBS, and harvest the cultures with trypsin. After adding RPMI medium, transfer the resulting cell suspensions into 15-milliliter tubes and spin down the cells.At the end of the centrifugation, transfer the cells to a bio-safety cabinet and re-suspend the pellets in 10 milliliters of fresh DPBS with gentle pipetting. After counting, centrifuge the cells again and dilute the cell suspensions to a concentration of three times 10 to the sixth cells per 50 microliters of ice-cold, serum-free medium and Matrigel, a high-concentration, basement-matrix membrane. Then, gently vortex the samples and place them on ice.To implant the cells, first apply ointment to an anesthetized mouse's eyes and place the animal on a heating pad covered with a sterile drape. Then, gently disinfect the flank of the animal with three iodine scrubs, followed by three 70%ethanol rinses. After confirming a lack of response to toe pinch, load approximately 200 microliters of the prepared cells into a pre-cooled one-milliliter TB syringe equipped with an 18-gauge needle.Replace the 18-gauge needle with a 27-gauge needle and place the cells back on ice. Then, locate the general area of the spleen in the upper left quadrant of the abdomen. Using forceps, pinch the skin above the spleen and make an approximately one-centimeter incision to create a pocket.Then, pinch the smooth muscle on top of the spleen and cut through the tissue to access the peritoneal cavity. Next, gently grab the caudal end of the spleen and pull it out of the body cavity. Using a wet, sterile, cotton swab, spread the pancreas attached to the end of the spleen to locate the pancreatic tail.Deliver 50 microliters of the cells into the pancreatic tail, then slowly rotate the needle out of the pancreas. A successful implantation will look like a superficial bubble without any leaks. Return the organs to the peritoneal cavity and enclose everything with the muscle and skin.Then, use a 6-0 suture to close the incision. Afterwards, inject the animals with ketoprofen and monitor them until they are fully recovered. At the appropriate experimental time point, use a commercial small-animal image system to image the tumor growth in the live animal under anesthesia and select the appropriate excitation and emission filters.Next, obtain an initial image using white light only. Keeping the animal in the same position, switch to the GFP filters and acquire a second image. To analyze the tumor growth, superimpose the white and fluorescent images to assess the fluorescent area and intensity of the tumor cells.The detection of a green fluorescent signal between two and three weeks post-implantation provides a visual cue for confirming the presence of a developing pancreatic cancer tumor, as the animals that do not develop tumors do not exhibit a GFP signal. Further, this method allows non-invasive monitoring of the tumor growth progression, with an increase in the GFP signal observed over time as the tumor size increases. Metastasis of the tumor to specific organs can be confirmed upon removal of the tissues of interest for further ex vivo fluorescent imaging.Once mastered, this technique can be completed in six to eight minutes and can be used to study the effects of different chemotherapeutic agents on pancreatic cancer and its metastasis. While attempting this procedure, it's important to keep the Matrigel in ice, or else the gel will be hard to inject. Also, it is important to remember to use aseptic techniques and to monitor all the anesthesia levels at all times.After watching this video, you should have a good understanding on how to produce an orthotopic model of pancreatic cancer in mice. Don't forget that working with human cancer cell lines can be hazardous, and that precautions such as wearing protective equipment and properly disposing biological waste, should be taken at all times.

Research

JoVE Journal

Cancer Research

Isolation of Circulating Tumor Cells in an Orthotopic Mouse Model of Colorectal Cancer

在直肠癌原位小鼠模型中循环肿瘤细胞的分离

Despite the advantages of easy applicability and cost-effectiveness, subcutaneous mouse models have severe limitations and do not accurately simulate ...

科研

癌症研究

A Syngeneic Pancreatic Cancer Mouse Model to Study the Effects of Irreversible Electroporation

自体胰腺癌小鼠模型研究不可逆电穿孔的影响

Pancreatic cancer (PC), a disease which kills approximately 40,000 patients each year in the US, has successfully evaded several therapeutic approaches ...

A Bioluminescent and Fluorescent Orthotopic Syngeneic Murine Model of Androgen-dependent and Castration-resistant Prostate Cancer

雄激素依赖性和去势抗性前列腺癌的荧光自体小鼠模型

Orthotopic tumor modeling is a valuable tool for pre-clinical prostate cancer research, as it has multiple advantages over both subcutaneous and ...

Immunophenotyping of Orthotopic Homograft (Syngeneic) of Murine Primary KPC Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma by Flow Cytometry

Immunophenotyping of Orthotopic Homograft Syngeneic of Murine Primary KPC Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma by Flow Cytometry

流式细胞术对小鼠原发性胰腺导管腺癌原位同种异体 (自体) 免疫分型的研究

Homograft (syngeneic) tumors are the workhorse of today&#39;s immuno-oncology (I/O) preclinical research. The tumor microenvironment (TME), particularly ...

An Oncogenic Hepatocyte-Induced Orthotopic Mouse Model of Hepatocellular Cancer Arising in the Setting of Hepatic Inflammation and Fibrosis

在肝炎症和纤维化环境中产生的肝细胞癌的致癌肝细胞诱导正交小鼠模型

The absence of a clinically relevant animal model addressing the typical immune characteristics of hepatocellular cancer (HCC) has significantly impeded ...

Studying Triple Negative Breast Cancer Using Orthotopic Breast Cancer Model

研究使用正交乳腺癌模型的三阴性乳腺癌

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive breast cancer subtype with limited therapeutic options. When compared to patients with less ...

Culture, Manipulation, and Orthotopic Transplantation of Mouse Bladder Tumor Organoids

小鼠膀胱肿瘤器官的培养、操作和正交移植

The development of advanced tumor models has long been encouraged because current cancer models have shown limitations such as lack of three-dimensional ...

Ultrasound-Guided Orthotopic Implantation of Murine Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma

毛尿胰腺腺腺腺癌超声引导正射植入

The recent success of immune checkpoint blockade in melanoma and lung adenocarcinoma has galvanized the field of immuno-oncology as well as revealed the ...

Generation of Orthotopic Pancreatic Tumors and Ex vivo Characterization of Tumor-Infiltrating T Cell Cytotoxicity

Generation of Orthotopic Pancreatic Tumors and Ex vivo Characterization of Tumor-Infiltrating T Cell Cytotoxicity

正交胰腺肿瘤的产生与肿瘤渗透T细胞细胞毒性的外体特征

In vivo models of pancreatic cancer provide invaluable tools for studying disease dynamics, immune infiltration and new therapeutic strategies. The ...

An Orthotopic Resectional Mouse Model of Pancreatic Cancer

胰腺癌矫形小鼠模型

There is a lack of satisfactory animal models to study adjuvant and/or neoadjuvant therapy in patients being considered for surgery of pancreatic cancer ...