Name: fabrication of high contact-density, flat-interface nerve electrodes for recording and stimulation applications
Uploaded: 2016-10-04T14:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Fabrication of High Contact-Density, Flat-Interface Nerve Electrodes for Recording and Stimulation Applications at JoVE.com

这项工作是由美国国防部高级研究计划局（DARPA）MTO杰克朱迪博士和Doug Weber博士通过空间和海战系统中心，太平洋格兰特/合同No.N66001-12-C-4173的主持下举办。我们要感谢托马斯·埃格斯他在制造过程中的帮助，罗纳德Triolo，马修·席费尔，李费舍尔和Freeburg的最大值为他们在复合神经袖口设计的发展做出贡献。

1.电极组件准备<ol><li>收集需要精密切割四级式电极组件（使用激光切割，请参考材料清单）的制造过程之前。这些组件（ 图1）： 联系方式阵列框架：这个框架是做出来的125微米厚的聚醚醚酮（PEEK）板材。它覆盖袖带的整个宽度并保持中间触点，具有蛇形边缘（ 图1B）。中间接触被包裹在所述导向通道;因此触点的暴露宽度由信道的宽度的限制和间隔由信道之间的...

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在这篇文章中描述的制造方法需要以确保最终箍的质量灵巧和精细运动。记录触点必须精确地在两个参考电极的中间放置。这种布局已经显示出从周围的肌肉电活动27显著减少干扰。在制造过程中的接触的相对位置的任何不平衡会降低排斥反应的压脉袋外部产生的共模干扰信号。然而，通过仔细技术很少在基准触点没有明显的不平衡进行了观察。 一些改善，到袖口的?...

与外周神经系统（PNS）的接口提供了高度处理的神经命令信号访问，因为它们前往不同结构的主体内。这些信号由分册内密闭轴突生成和由紧密接合束膜细胞包围。从神经活动产生的可测量的电势的量值，如围绕分册高电阻束膜层受神经内的各个层的阻抗。因此，两种接口方法已经依赖于相对于该束膜层，即神经束内和extrafascicular办法的记录位置被探索。内部束状的方法把各分册内的电极。这些方法的实例是犹他州阵列17，纵向帧内束状电极（LIFE）18，和横向帧内束状多通道电极（TIME）32。 ŧHESE技术可以从神经选择性地记录，但没有示出在体内 ，由于尺寸和电极12的遵守长时间，可能可靠地保留功能。 特束状办法把周围神经的触点。在这些方法中使用的压脉袋电极不损害神经束膜也不外膜，并已被证明是既从外周神经系统12记录的一个安全可靠的手段。然而，超束状方法缺乏测量单单位活动的能力 - 相比于内部束状设计。即利用神经套囊电极Neuroprosthetic应用包括下肢的激活，膀胱，隔膜，治疗慢性疼痛，神经传导阻滞，感觉反馈，并记录electroneurograms 1。潜在的应用能够利用外周神经接口包括休息O形环移动到与功能性电刺激麻痹的受害者，记录从剩余的神经运动神经元活动中被截肢者，以控制动力假肢，并与自主神经系统提供生物电子药品20接口。 一个设计实现袖口电极是平接口神经电极（FINE）21。这种设计重塑神经与较大的圆周平面的横截面相比圆形。这种设计的优点是增加了可以被放置在神经触点数目，并与选择性记录和刺激的重排的内部分册触头的附近。此外，在大型动物和人类上肢和下肢神经可以采取各种形状和由精细生成的整形不变形的神经的自然几何形状。最近的试验已经表明，细能够在恢复感觉上肢16和恢复运动中与人类功能性电刺激的下肢22。 一个箍电极的基本结构包括放置多个金属触点的神经节段的表面上，然后绝缘这些联系人用不导电袖带内的神经节段沿。为了实现这个基本结构，几种设计已经提出了在以前的研究中，包括： （1） 金属接触嵌入到的确良网格 。网状然后神经周围缠绕，将所得压脉袋的形状如下所述神经几何4,5。 （2），使用预先形刚性和非导电气缸拆分缸设计来修复神经周围的联系人。接收到该压脉袋的神经片段被整形到箍的内部几何6 - 8。 =“jove_content”&gt;（3）自卷取 ，其中触点被两绝缘层之间的封闭设计 。而与外部的未拉伸层拉伸内部层被熔化。具有不同的自然休息长度为两粘结层使最终结构以形成柔性螺旋，它包装本身周围的神经。用于这些层的材料通常都被聚9聚酰亚胺10和硅橡胶1。 （4）抵靠神经引线非绝缘部分以用作电极接触。这些线索要么编织成硅管11或硅胶套缸12成型。类似的原理，使用通过排列和融合绝缘导线以形成阵列，然后通过绝缘的开口是通过这些接合线13的中间剥一小部分制成构造的罚款。这些设计的屁股UME圆神经横截面和符合此假定神经几何。 （5） 基于弹性聚酰亚胺电极 33与由微机械加工的聚酰亚胺结构，然后整合到拉伸硅酮片材，以形成自卷绕翻边形成触点。这样的设计也假设一个圆形的神经横截面。 袖带电极应该是灵活的和自我上浆，以避免拉伸和压缩，可能会导致神经损伤3的神经。一些已知的机制，使压脉袋的电极可诱导这些影响力从邻近肌肉袖带并因此神经传输，翻边和神经的机械性能，并在压脉袋的引线过分张力之间的失配。这些安全问题导致对机械柔性组特定的设计限制，几何结构和大小1。这些标准特别challe在高接触计数精细的情况下nging因为袖口必须是在横向方向上具有相同的时间僵硬重塑神经和灵活的在纵向方向上，以防止损坏以及容纳多个联系人。自上浆螺旋设计可以容纳多个联系人袖套14，但所得到的压脉袋是稍微刚性的。柔性聚酰亚胺设计可以容纳大量的接触，但容易发生分层。导线阵列设计13产生具有扁平横截面的细，但为了保持这种几何形状的导线沿袖口生产硬表面和锋利边缘使然后不适于长期植入物的长度熔合在一起。 在这篇文章中描述的制造技术生产与可以是手工制作，精度一贯的高弹性结构的高接触密度的罚款。它采用了刚性聚合物（聚醚醚酮（PEEK）），以允许精确p触点lacement。将PEEK段在电极的中心保持扁平断面，同时保持在沿神经纵向方向柔性的。这样的设计也减小了封套的总厚度和刚度由于电极体不必是为了平坦化神经或固定触头的刚性。

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			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="40">
			<td height="40" style="height:40px;width:241px;">Outer shielding layer</td>
			<td style="width:223px;">Alfa Aesar, A Johnson Matthey</td>
			<td style="width:279px;">MFCD00003436 (11391)</td>
			<td>Gold foil, 0.004&#34; thick</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:241px;">Transparency sheet</td>
			<td style="width:223px;">APOLLO</td>
			<td style="width:279px;">APOCG7060</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Ultrasonic bath cleaner</td>
			<td style="width:223px;">Terra Universal</td>
			<td style="width:279px;">2603-00A-220</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:241px;">Isotemp standard lab oven</td>
			<td style="width:223px;">Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:279px;">13247637G</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:241px;">Optical microscope</td>
			<td style="width:223px;">Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:279px;">15-000-101</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:241px;">Tweezers</td>
			<td style="width:223px;">Technik</td>
			<td style="width:279px;">18049USA (2A-SA)</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:241px;">Surgical blade handles</td>
			<td style="width:223px;">Aspen Surgical Products</td>
			<td style="width:279px;">371031</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:241px;">Base frame&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:223px;">McMaster-Carr</td>
			<td style="width:279px;">9785K411</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:241px;">Support beam</td>
			<td style="width:223px;">McMaster-Carr</td>
			<td style="width:279px;">9524K359</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:241px;">Two parts silicone</td>
			<td style="width:223px;">Nusil</td>
			<td style="width:279px;">MED 4765</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:241px;">Soldering Flux</td>
			<td style="width:223px;">SRA Soldering Products</td>
			<td style="width:279px;">FLS71</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:241px;">Tape</td>
			<td style="width:223px;">3M Healthcare</td>
			<td style="width:279px;">1535-0 (SKUMMM15350H)</td>
			<td>Paper, hypoallergenic surgical tape</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:241px;">Spot welding machine</td>
			<td style="width:223px;">Unitek</td>
			<td style="width:279px;">125 Power Supply with 101F Welding Head</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:241px;">Laser cutting platform</td>
			<td style="width:223px;">Universal Laser Systems</td>
			<td style="width:279px;">PLS6.150D</td>
			<td>150 watts laser</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

fabrication of high contact-density, flat-interface nerve electrodes for recording and stimulation applications

已经进行了许多尝试来制造多接触神经套囊电极是安全，健壮和可靠的长期neuroprosthetic应用程序。这个协议描述了一种改性圆柱形神经套囊电极的制造技术，以满足这些条件。最低计算机辅助设计与制造（CAD和CAM）技术是必要的，始终如一地生产高精度（接触位置0.51±0.04毫米），各种尺寸的袖口袖口。在空间上分布的接触和保留这种设计完成预定的几何形状的能力，精确度是两个重要的标准，以优化袖口的接口选择性录音和刺激。所提出的设计，可以在纵向方向最大化灵活性，同时保持足够的刚性，在横向方向上，通过使用材料具有不同的弹性重塑神经。袖口的横截面的扩张观察区域作为增加袖带内的压力的结果，为25％，在67毫米汞柱。该测试表明了箍的弹性和它的神经响应肿胀植入后。触点的稳定性“接口和记录品质也研究了与联系人的阻抗和信噪比度量从一个长期植入箍（7.5个月），并且观察到2.55±0.25分别kΩ和5.10±0.81分贝。

（ - 7 kHz带宽和2000总增益700赫兹）录制的神经活动与使用超β输入仪表放大器定制的前置放大器进行。与所提出的协议所制造的精细电极的一个例子示于图3。植入神经周围的精细由两个自由边缘缝合在一起完成的。的压脉袋的灵活性（ 图3B）的演示指示箍变平的神经，同时保留在纵向方向上的灵活性。 除了在纵向方向上的压脉袋的灵活性，袖带还?...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Fabrication of High Contact-Density, Flat-Interface Nerve Electrodes for Recording and Stimulation Applications at JoVE.com

Fabrication of High Contact-Density, Flat-Interface Nerve Electrodes for Recording and Stimulation Applications

本文提供了一个高接触密度扁平接口神经电极（FINE）的制造过程的详细描述。该电极用于记录和外周神经中选择性刺激神经活动优化。

高接触密度的制作，平面接口神经电极用于记录和刺激的应用

Many attempts have been made to manufacture multi-contact nerve cuff electrodes that are safe, robust and reliable for long term neuroprosthetic ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Neuroscience

High Sensitivity 5-hydroxymethylcytosine Detection in Balb/C Brain Tissue

BALB / C脑组织中的高灵敏度检测5 - hydroxymethylcytosine

DNA hydroxymethylation is a long known modification of DNA, but has recently become a focus in epigenetic research.   Mammalian DNA is enzymatically ...

科研

神经科学

Surgical Implantation of Chronic Neural Electrodes for Recording Single Unit Activity and Electrocorticographic Signals

用于记录单机活动和Electrocorticographic信号的慢性神经电极植入手术

The success of long-term electrophysiological recordings often depends on the quality of the implantation surgery.  Here we provide useful information for ...

A Method for Systematic Electrochemical and Electrophysiological Evaluation of Neural Recording Electrodes

对于系统电化学神经记录电极和电生理评价方法

New materials and designs for neural implants are typically tested separately, with a demonstration of performance but without reference to other implant ...

A High Content Imaging Assay for Identification of Botulinum Neurotoxin Inhibitors

高含量的成像检测方法的肉毒毒素抑制剂的鉴定

Synaptosomal-associated protein-25 (SNAP-25) is a component of the soluble NSF attachment protein receptor (SNARE) complex that is essential for synaptic ...

Optogenetic Stimulation of the Auditory Nerve

听觉神经的光遗传学刺激

Direct electrical stimulation of spiral ganglion neurons (SGNs) by cochlear implants (CIs) enables open speech comprehension in the majority of implanted ...

Assessment of Neuromuscular Function Using Percutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation

神经肌肉功能的应用经皮神经电刺激评估

Percutaneous electrical nerve stimulation is a non-invasive method commonly used to evaluate neuromuscular function from brain to muscle (supra-spinal, ...

Microelectrode Guided Implantation of Electrodes into the Subthalamic Nucleus of Rats for Long-term Deep Brain Stimulation

微电极引导电极植入到大鼠丘脑底核的长期深部脑刺激

Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is a widely used and effective therapy for several neurologic disorders, such as idiopathic Parkinson&#8217;s disease, ...

Fabrication of Fine Electrodes on the Tip of Hypodermic Needle Using Photoresist Spray Coating and Flexible Photomask for Biomedical Applications

用光刻胶喷涂和柔性掩制备医用注射用针尖上的微细电极

We have introduced a fabrication method for electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS)-on-a-needle (EoN: EIS-on-a-needle) to locate target tissues in the ...

Chronic Transcranial Electrical Stimulation and Intracortical Recording in Rats

大鼠慢性经颅电刺激及 Intracortical 记录

Transcranial electrical stimulation (TES) is a powerful and relatively simple approach to diffusely influence brain activity either randomly or in a ...

Ethanol-Induced Cervical Sympathetic Ganglion Block Applications for Promoting Canine Inferior Alveolar Nerve Regeneration Using an Artificial Nerve

乙醇诱导的颈椎交交型神经节阻滞在促进犬下肺泡神经再生中的应用

Polyglycolic acid collagen (PGA-C) tubes are bio-absorbable nerve tubes filled with collagen of multi-chamber structure, which consist of thin collagen ...