Name: testing of nanoparticle release from a composite containing nanomaterial using a chamber system
Uploaded: 2016-11-22T13:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Testing of Nanoparticle Release from a Composite Containing Nanomaterial Using a Chamber System at JoVE.com

This research was supported by the "Development of technologies for safety evaluation and standardization of nanomaterials and nanoproducts" (10059135)" through the Korea Evaluation Institute of Industrial Technology by the Korean Ministry of Trade, Industry &amp; Energy.

1.仪器和样品的制备<ol><li> Abrasor <ol><li>基于磨耗试验机，使用一个abrasor与一种样品旋转台（140毫米直径），两个磨轮支架，和30的旋转速度 - 80转。 </li><li>使用权重的磨损轮固定在磨损轮夹持，这也适用于负载的试样。 </li><li>安装一个额外的空气入口为abrased颗粒提供较好的悬浮， 如图3。使用1/8“ -直径管仅有15毫米的位置和40 mm的试验片的中心距离。 </li></ol></li><li> <...

<ol>
	<li>Froggett, S. J., Clancy, S. F., Boverhof, D. R., Canady, R. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+review+and+perspectives+of+existing+research+on+the+release+of+nanomaterials+from+solid+nanocomposites.">A review and perspectives of existing research on the release of nanomaterials from solid nanocomposites.</a> Part Fibre Toxicol. 11, (2014).</li><li>Kingston, C., Zepp, R., Andrady, A., Boverhof, D., Fehir, R., Hawkins, D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Release+characteristics+of+selected+carbon+nanotube+polymer+composites.">Release characteristics of selected carbon nanotube polymer composites.</a> Carbon. 68, 33-57 (2014).</li><li>Kaiser, D., Stefaniak, A., Scott, K., Nguyen, T., Schutz, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=.">.</a> Methods for the Measurement of Release of MWCNTs from MWCNT-Polymer Composites, NIST. , (2014).</li><li>Nowack, B., David, R. 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D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Case+study+on+risk+evaluation+of+printed+electronics+using+nanosilver+ink.">Case study on risk evaluation of printed electronics using nanosilver ink.</a> Nano Convergence. , (2016).</li><li>Vorbau, M., Hillemann, L., Stintz, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Method+for+the+characterization+of+the+abrasion+induced+nanoparticle+release+into+air+from+surface+coatings.">Method for the characterization of the abrasion induced nanoparticle release into air from surface coatings.</a> J. Aerosol Sci. 40, 209-217 (2009).</li><li>Golanski, L., Gaborieau, A., Guiot, A., Uzu, G., Chatenet, J., Tardif, F. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Characterization+of+abrasion-induced+nanoparticle+release+from+paints+into+liquids+and+air.">Characterization of abrasion-induced nanoparticle release from paints into liquids and air.</a> J. Phys. Conf. Ser. 304, 012062 (2011).</li><li>Wohlleben, W., Brill, S., Meier, M. W., Mertler, M., Cox, G., Hirth, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=On+the+lifecycle+of+nanocomposites:+Comparing+released+fragments+and+their+in-vivo+hazards+from+three+release+mechanisms+and+four+nanocomposites.">On the lifecycle of nanocomposites: Comparing released fragments and their in-vivo hazards from three release mechanisms and four nanocomposites.</a> Small. 7, 2384-2395 (2011).</li><li>. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=.">.</a> ISO 7784-1, Paints and varnishes -- Determination of resistance to abrasion -- Part 1: Rotating abrasive-paper-covered wheel method. , (1997).</li><li>. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=.">.</a> ISO 5470-1, Rubber- or plastics-coated fabrics -- Determination of abrasion resistance -- Part 1: Taber abrader. , (1999).</li><li>Schlagenhauf, L., Chu, B. T. T., Buha, J., N&#252;sch, F., Wang, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Release+of+carbon+nanotubes+from+an+epoxy-based+nanocomposites+during+an+abrasion+process.">Release of carbon nanotubes from an epoxy-based nanocomposites during an abrasion process.</a> Enviorn. Sci. Tech. 46, 7366-7372 (2012).</li><li>Bello, D., Wardle, B. L., Yamamoto, N., deVilloria, R. G., Garcia, E. J., Hart, A. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Exposure+to+nanoscale+particles+and+fibers+during+machining+of+hybrid+advanced+composites+containing+carbon+nanotubes.">Exposure to nanoscale particles and fibers during machining of hybrid advanced composites containing carbon nanotubes.</a> J. Nanopart. Res. 11, 231-249 (2009).</li><li>Cena, L. G., Peters, T. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Characterization+and+control+of+airborne+particles+emitted+during+production+of+epoxy/carbon+nanotube+nanocomposites.">Characterization and control of airborne particles emitted during production of epoxy/carbon nanotube nanocomposites.</a> J. Occup. Environ. Hyg. 8, 86-92 (2011).</li></ol>

使用的磨损试验进行从纳米复合材料nanorelease测试时最重要的步骤是：1使用具有中和剂由不锈钢制成的腔室系统以除去因磨损所产生的静电荷，并减少在室壁上的颗粒的沉积）; 2）提供额外的空气以提供更好的颗粒悬浮液; 3）抽样利用包含由三个多孔板的混频器出口的中国共产党和OPC释放粒子和在线监测。 耐磨测试仪最初设计基于ISO 7784-1或ISO 5470-1 14-15评估耐磨性。?...

纳米材料的曝光大多被研究有关工人工作场所制造，处理，制造，包装纳米材料，而消费者接触还没有被广泛研究。通过纳米技术国际理事会（ICON）创造了环境和健康文献数据库的最近的分析也表明，大多数纳米材料安全性研究都集中在危害（83％）和潜在风险（16％），与纳米复合材料的发布，代表消费者接触，仅相当于0.8％1。因此，很少有人知道有关消费者接触纳米材料。 纳米颗粒释放已被用来估计在模拟研究，包括磨损，纳米复合材料，洗涤纺织品，或含尘测试方法，如旋转鼓的方法，涡流振荡方法以及其它摇床方法2-3的风化消费者接触。此外，一些国际尝试，如ILSI（国际生命科学研究所）nanorelease和欧盟NanoReg，已经进行了技术开发，以了解在消费产品中使用的纳米材料的释放。于2011年推出的ILSI nanorelease消费产品代表了生命周期方法，从消费类产品，其中第一阶段涉及纳米材料的选择纳米材料的释放，第二阶段涵盖的评价方法，以及第3阶段实施间研究。在消费类产品纳米材料的安全性几个专着和出版物也已出版了4-6。 同时，NanoReg代表欧洲共同的方法来制造纳米材料的法规测试，并提供了在使用模拟方法的程序方法，从消费产品到nanorelease 2. ISO TC 229还试图制定有关消费者的安全标准，并提交新工作项目建议为消费者的安全。经合组织WPMN（worki纳克纳米材料派对），特别是SG8（督导组暴露评估和暴露减缓），最近在今后的工作，尤其是消费者和环境暴露评估的方向进行了调查。因此，在这些国际活动的光，贸易，工业和能源部韩国部委发起于2013年的分层项目主要集中在了“纳米材料和纳米产品的安全性评价和标准化的技术发展。”此外，一些消费者安全相关的研究，以规范从消费产品的纳米材料的释放也已出版了7-8。 磨损试验是包括在ILSI nanorelease和NanoReg 2-3用于确定从不同的商业复合产品纳米颗粒的电势发射电平的模拟方法之一。质量重量损失推导基于之前和阿巴拉后在试样重量差离子使用abrasor。所述纳米复合材料样品以恒定的速度磨损，采样吸收了气溶胶，然后将颗粒用粒子计数装置，如一个冷凝粒子计数器（CPC）或光学粒子计数器（OPC）进行分析，并收集在TEM （透射电子显微镜）网格或膜，用于进一步的视觉分析。然而，进行了纳米复合物材料的磨损试验需要一致的纳米颗粒的释放，这是困难的，因为颗粒充电作为磨损的结果，并当粒子采样发光点2-3，9-11邻近进行。 因此，本文提出了一种腔系统，作为纳米复合材料的磨损情况评估纳米材料释放的新方法。当与其它磨损和模拟测试相比，该室系统提供了在磨损的情况下一致纳米粒子释放的数据。此外，这种新的测试方法已在室内空气质量和半行为行业占总粒子数的计数方法的领域广泛使用的12，13，因此，可以预见，该方法可被开发成用于从含有消费品测试纳米粒子释放的标准化方法纳米材料。

<table border="1" fo:keep-together.within-page="1" fo:keep-with-next.within-page="always">
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>Foamex</td>
			<td>Taeyoung, R. of Korea</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>MWCNT (multiwalled carbon nanotube) composite</td>
			<td>Hanwha, Incheon, R. of Korea</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>2% MWCNTs in low density polyethylene</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Abrasion Paper</td>
			<td>Derfos, R. of Korea</td>
			<td>#100</td>
			<td>100 grit sand paper</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Condensation Particle Counter (CPC)</td>
			<td>TSI Inc, Shoreview, MN</td>
			<td>UCPC 3775</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Optical Paritcle Counter (OPC)</td>
			<td>Grimm, Ainring, Germany</td>
			<td>1.109</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Mini Particle Sampler</td>
			<td>Ecomesure, Saclay, France</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Quantifoil Holey Carbon Film</td>
			<td>TED PELLA Inc. USA</td>
			<td>1.2/1.3</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Filter Holder</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td>custom made</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Polycarbonate Filter&#160;</td>
			<td>Millipore, USA</td>
			<td>CAT No. GTTP02500</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Soft X-ray Ionizer (Neutralizer)</td>
			<td>SUNJE, R. of Korea</td>
			<td>SXN-05U</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Field Emission-Scanning Electron Microscope (FE-SEM)</td>
			<td>Hitachi</td>
			<td>S-4300</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

testing of nanoparticle release from a composite containing nanomaterial using a chamber system

随着纳米技术作为在 21世纪最重要的技术之一的迅速发展，在含有纳米材料的消费品的安全利益也越来越多。从评估含有纳米材料的产品的纳米材料释放在评估这些产品的安全性的关键一步，并导致一些国际努力，以建立一致的，可靠的技术，为规范纳米材料释放的评价。在这项研究中，从含有纳米材料的制品纳米材料的释放，使用的腔室系统，其包括缩合粒子计数器，光学粒子计数器，和取样口，以收集电子显微镜分析滤波器样品进行评价。所提出的腔室系统是使用abrasor和圆盘型纳米复合材料样品以确定所述纳米材料释放是否是在可接受的范围内可重复和一致的测试。测试结果表明，颗粒在每个测试的总数是从平均20％的范围内经过多次试验。流行趋势的发布是相似的，它们显示出非常良好的重复性。因此，所提出的腔室系统可有效地用于含纳米材料的纳米材料的产品释放测试。

磨损试验重复性使用室系统总颗粒数分别为8磨损试验相一致，如表3所示。中共测定3.67×10 9个粒子的平均值，而在OPC计数1.98×10 9颗粒（&gt; 0.3微米）的平均。的偏差为20％，这表示磨损期间颗粒的一致释放内。 Nanorelease从纳米复合材料<p class="jove_content" f...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Testing of Nanoparticle Release from a Composite Containing Nanomaterial Using a Chamber System at JoVE.com

Testing of Nanoparticle Release from a Composite Containing Nanomaterial Using a Chamber System

Nanoparticle release is tested using a chamber system that includes a condensation particle counter, an optical particle counter and sampling ports to collect filter samples for microscopy analysis. The proposed chamber system can be effectively used for nanomaterial release testing with a repeatable and consistent data range.

从使用室系统一个复合含纳米材料的纳米颗粒释放测试

With the rapid development of nanotechnology as one of the most important technologies in the 21st century, interest in the safety of consumer products ...

The overall goal of this procedure is to evaluate nanomaterial release in the case of abrasion of nanocomposite materials. This method can help answer key questions in the occupation hygiene field such as risk assessment and workplace environment. The main advantage of this technique is that it allows one to evaluate nanomaterial release in the case of abrasion of nanocomposite materials.For this experiment, use an abraser with a 140 millimeter diameter specimen rotation stage, which can rotate 30 to 80 rotations per minute, and two abrasion wheel holders. Install a disk shaped specimen on the specimen rotation stage. Use a weight to secure the abrasion wheels, that are wrapped with 100 grit sandpaper, to the abrasion wheel holder which also applies load to the test specimen.Use stainless steel for the chamber walls to avoid particle deposition due to electrostatic force. Locate the air inlet and outlet in the upper and lower part of the chamber respectively. Place the abraser inside of the chamber, and install an additional air inlet in the abraser that is 15 millimeters above and 40 millimeters away from the center of the test specimen to provide better suspension for the abrased particles.Next, locate the neutralizer 28 centimeters away from the center of the test specimen at a 45 degree angle to reduce the electrostatic particle deposition on the chamber walls. Install a CPC and OPC at the outlet of the chamber to measure the particle number concentration and particle size distribution respectively. Operate the blower installed at the outlet of the chamber at a flow rate of 50 liters per minute.Following this, supply 25 liters per minute of additional particle-free suspension air using an air compressor through the additional air inlet. Check the background particle number concentration inside the chamber to reach an average particle number concentration for one hour of below one number per cubic centimeter using the condensation particle counter. Next, operate the specimen rotation stage of the abraser using a step motor that rotates the specimen rotation stage at 72 rotations per minute with 1000 rotations.Measure and record the released particle number concentration and particle size distribution using the CPC and OPC respectively. Now, sample the released particles using a particle sampler containing filter media or a TEM grid. Stop the measurement and sampling when the particle number concentration reaches below 0.1%of the peak particle number concentration.After saving the data, remove the samples from the instrument. The typical change in particle number concentration during the abrasion test is shown here. During the abrasion an increase in particle number concentration was observed followed by a decrease after abrasion.The CPC measured an average of 3.67 times 10 to the nine particles, and the deviations were within 20%which represented a consistent release of particles during abrasion. The OPC measured an average of 1.98 times 10 to the nine particles, and the deviations were within 20%which represented a consistent release of particles during abrasion. After abrasion the original test specimens lost approximately 0.6 grams or 1.56%The total particle number release from nanocomposite containing carbon nanotubes by the abrasion test is shown here.The nanocomposite containing carbon nanotubes released 12.6%more condensation particles and 1.9%more optical particles than the control composite. Most of the particles were torn due to abrasion, and field emission scanning electron microscopy revealed no free carbon nanotube structures from the nanocomposite containing 2%carbon nanotubes in the filter samples or many particle sampler samples after abrasion. After watching this video, you should have a good understanding of how evaluate nanomaterial release in the case of abrasion of nanocomposite materials.

Research

JoVE Journal

Engineering

Characterization of Recombination Effects in a Liquid Ionization Chamber Used for the Dosimetry of a Radiosurgical Accelerator

重组的影响在液体电离室表征用于一个电波加速器的剂量学

Most modern radiation therapy devices allow the use of very small fields, either through beamlets in Intensity-Modulated Radiation Therapy (IMRT) or via ...

科研

工程学

Visible-light Induced Reduction of Graphene Oxide Using Plasmonic Nanoparticle

可见光诱导的还原氧化石墨烯的使用电浆纳米粒子

Present work demonstrates the simple, chemical free, fast, and energy efficient method to produce reduced graphene oxide (r-GO) solution at RT using ...

Measurement of Scattering Nonlinearities from a Single Plasmonic Nanoparticle

从单电浆纳米粒子散射非线性测量

Plasmonics, which are based on the collective oscillation of electrons due to light excitation, involve strongly enhanced local electric fields and thus ...

Ultrasonic Welding of Thermoplastic Composite Coupons for Mechanical Characterization of Welded Joints through Single Lap Shear Testing

通过单搭接剪切试验的热塑性复合材料优惠券焊接接头的力学特性的超声波焊接

This paper presents a novel straightforward method for ultrasonic welding of thermoplastic-composite coupons in optimum processing conditions. The ...

A System to Create Stable Nanoparticle Aerosols from Nanopowders

系统创建从纳米粉体纳米稳定气溶胶

Nanoparticle aerosols released from nanopowders in workplaces are associated with human exposure and health risks. We developed a novel system, requiring ...

Plasmonic Trapping and Release of Nanoparticles in a Monitoring Environment

电浆捕获和纳米粒子的释放在监控环境

Plasmonic tweezers use surface plasmon polaritons to confine polarizable nanoscale objects. Among the various designs of plasmonic tweezers, only a few ...

Subsurface Defect Localization by Structured Heating Using Laser Projected Photothermal Thermography

使用激光投射光热法构造加热的地下缺陷定位

The presented method is used to locate subsurface defects oriented perpendicularly to the surface. To achieve this, we create destructively interfering ...

Experimental Implementation of a New Composite Fabrication Method: Exposing Bare Fibers on the Composite Surface by the Soft Layer Method

一种新的复合制备方法的实验实现: 用软层法对复合材料表面裸露纤维进行曝光

The bipolar plate is a key component in proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) and vanadium redox flow batteries (VRFBs). It is a multi-functional ...

A 3D-printed Chamber for Organic Optoelectronic Device Degradation Testing

用于有机光电器件降解测试的3维印制腔

In this manuscript, we outline the manufacture of a small, portable, easy-to-use atmospheric chamber for organic and perovskite optoelectronic devices, ...

Cutting Procedures, Tensile Testing, and Ageing of Flexible Unidirectional Composite Laminates

柔性单向复合层压板的切割程序、拉伸测试和老化

Many body armor designs incorporate unidirectional (UD) laminates. UD laminates are constructed of thin (&#60;0.05 mm) layers of high-performance yarns, ...