Name: a simple and efficient protocol for the catalytic insertion polymerization of functional norbornenes
Uploaded: 2017-02-27T13:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about A Simple and Efficient Protocol for the Catalytic Insertion Polymerization of Functional Norbornenes at JoVE.com

The authors acknowledge funding from Fonds de Recherche du Qu&#233;bec - Nature et Technologies, from Conseil Recherches en Sciences Naturelles et G&#233;nie (program INNOV) and PrimaQu&#233;bec.

폴리 (5- 노보 넨 -2- 카르 복실 산), PNBE 1. 제조 (CO 2 H) <ol><li> 단량체의 제조 NBE (CO 2 H) <ol><li> 아크릴산 (AA) (327g, 4.5 몰, 2 당량). 하이드로 퀴논 (4.9 g, 4.5 X 10-2 몰, 0.02 당량). 칭량 및 냉각기가 장착 된 2 L 둥근 바닥 플라스크에 추가 및 자기 교반 막대. 실리콘 오일 욕을 사용하여 150 ℃에서 플라스크를 가열한다. </li><li> 역류가 정착되면, 하나의 부분에 DCPD (300g, ...

<ol>
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여기에 제안 된 방법은 간단하고, 스케일 업에 쉽게 의무입니다. 어떤 정제없이 수신되는 모든 화학 물질이 사용될 수있다. 참고로 인해 처리 및 수집시 재료의 피할 수없는 손실 낮은 규모의 반응 (예 : ≤1 g 저울) 일반적으로 낮은 수익률을 산출 수행. 촉매는 cationizing 에이전트와의 상용 팔라듐 화합물의 반응시에 반응계 내에서 형성된다. (- 우리 손에...

도데 NBE 에틸렌과 (디 사이클로 펜타 디엔 (DCPD)의 「균열」에 의해 얻어지는) 시클로 펜타 디엔의 딜스 - 알더 부가 물은 쉽게 자유 라디칼 중합 한 양이온 중합이 개환 복분해 중합 3 촉매 삽입을 사용하여 중합 중합. 다른 메커니즘과 달리 4, 5, 6, 7, 촉매 삽입 중합 NBE의 바이 골격 보존된다 매우 높은 유리 전이 온도의 형성 (T의 g) 중합체를 이끈다. 이러한 메탈로 센계 촉매 및 후기 전이 금속 촉매와 같은 촉매의 다양한 NBE의 중합을 촉진하기 위해 사용될 수있다. 4, 5, 6, g 폴리머의 처리와 관련된 어려움은 PNBE 호모 폴리머는, 우리의 지식에, 어떤 사용을 찾은 적이있다. 그들은 바이 강성 반복 단위뿐만 아니라 작용기를 부여 바람직한 성질에 의해 부여 된 높은 T g의 결합 때문에 기능성 노르 보르 넨 (PNBEs)은 지난 20 년 동안 상당한 조사의 대상이되어왔다. 8, 9, 10 NBE 단량체는 시클로 펜타 디엔 및 친 디엔 관능 사이의 한 단계 딜스 - 알더 반응을 이용하여 비교적 간단하고 저렴한 공급 원료에서 얻어진다. 그러나, 딜스 - 알더 반응은 매우 반응성이 다른 두 입체가 엔도 및 엑소로 이끈다. 11 사실 12 엔도 스테레오엑소 이성질체 형태보다 반응성 촉매를 비활성화시킨다. (11) (12) 이와 같이, 과거에 작용 노르 보르 넨의 제조는 통상적으로 엔도 및 엑소 입체 이성질체의 분리를 요구하고, 전용 엑소 입체를 사용 하였다. 이러한 분리 과정은 시간 소모적이며, 바람직하지 못한 폐기물로 미 엔도 입체 축적되었다. 최근에 우리는 모두 입체 이성질체를 포함하는 작용 NBEs의 중합이 가능한 사실에 있음을 보여 주었다. (13) 따라서 우리는 그러한 에스테르, 무수물, 알데히드, 이미 드, 알콜 및 이중 결합과 같은 작용기를 함유하는, 치환 PNBEs 다양한을 제조 할 수 있었다. 때문에 높은 T의 g과 기능에,이 폴리머는 바람직한 특성을 보여줍니다. 우리는 기능성 폴리머를 제조 여기에 두 가지 방법을 설명합니다. 첫 번째로 연결수용성 중합체 폴리 (5- 노보 넨 -2- 카르 복실 산)의 합성 PNBE (CO 2 H), 양이온 Pd 촉매 (도 1)를 사용. 13, 14와 동일한 중합 방법 등의 에스테르, 알코올, 이미 드, 브로 모 알킬, 알데히드 및 산 무수물과 같은 다양한 펜던트 작용기와 기능적 PNBEs를 제조 할 수있다. 우리 손,이 양이온 Pd 촉매 펜던트 이중 결합 5- 비닐 -2- 노보 넨 등을 포함 NBEs 사용할 수 없다. 이 경우, 중합시의 펜던트 이중 결합의 부분적인 삽입은 가교 물질의 형성을 이끈다. 따라서, 여기의 Pd 2 (DBA) 3을 사용하여 폴리 (5- 비닐 -2- 노르 보르 넨) PNBE 비닐의 형성에 전용하는 제 방법을 제시한다 : AgSbF 6 : PPH 3 동일계 촉매에있다. 14 폴리머의 펜던트 비닐 그룹은 상기 제 이어질하는 에폭시되고PNBE (에폭시) (그림 1)의 전자 형성. 두 PNBE (CO 2 H) 및 PNBE (에폭시)는 T g만큼 높은 350 ℃로와 열경화성 수지의 형성을 유도하는 것으로 밝혀졌다. (14) 따라서, 여기서 설명하는 간단한 방법은 하나의 매우 높은 효율의 T g 및 다양한 응용에 사용될 수 작용기의 다양한 갖는 중합체를 제조 할 수있다. <img alt="그림 1" src="/files/ftp_upload/54552/54552fig1.jpg" /> 그림 1 : 팔라듐에 의해 제조 기능 PNBEs 중합 촉매. PNBE (CO 2 H)의 (A) 준비, PNBE의 (B) 준비 (비닐) 및 PNBE (에폭시). 점선 결합은 엔도와 엑소 이성질체의 혼합물을 나타냅니다. <a href="http://ecsource.jove.com/files/ftp_upload/54552/54552fig1large.jpg" target="_blank">이 파이의 더 큰 버전을 보려면 여기를 클릭하십시오</a>gure.

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="945">
	<tbody>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:271px;">acrylic acid</td>
			<td style="width:241px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:135px;">147230</td>
			<td style="width:299px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:271px;">hydroquinone</td>
			<td style="width:241px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>H9003</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:271px;">dicyclopendadiene</td>
			<td style="width:241px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td align="left">454338</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:271px;">palladium allyl dichloride dimer</td>
			<td style="width:241px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>222380</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:271px;">silver hexfluoro antimonate</td>
			<td style="width:241px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:135px;">227730</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:271px;">liquid nitrogen</td>
			<td style="width:241px;">Local Facility</td>
			<td style="width:135px;">NA</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:271px;">ethyl acetate</td>
			<td style="width:241px;">Fischer Scientific</td>
			<td>E14520</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:271px;">5-vinyl-2-norbornene</td>
			<td style="width:241px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:135px;">148679</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:271px;">toluene</td>
			<td style="width:241px;">Fischer Scientific</td>
			<td>T290-4</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:271px;">palladium dba</td>
			<td style="width:241px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:135px;">227994</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:271px;">triphenyl phosphine</td>
			<td style="width:241px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:135px;">93090</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">silica gel 40-63 microns</td>
			<td style="width:241px;">Silicycle</td>
			<td style="width:135px;">Siliaflash</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:271px;">methanol</td>
			<td style="width:241px;">Fischer Scientific</td>
			<td>BPA412-20</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:271px;">dichloromethane</td>
			<td style="width:241px;">EMD Millipore</td>
			<td>DX08311</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:271px;">formic acid</td>
			<td style="width:241px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:135px;">F0507</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:271px;">acetic acid</td>
			<td style="width:241px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>320099</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="25">
			<td height="25" style="height:25px;width:271px;">hydrogen peroxide solution</td>
			<td style="width:241px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:135px;">216763</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:271px;">acetone</td>
			<td style="width:241px;">Fischer Scientific</td>
			<td>A18-200</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

a simple and efficient protocol for the catalytic insertion polymerization of functional norbornenes

이중 결합이 중합하고, 단량체의 바이 성질이 보존된다 넨 삽입 중합을 포함하는 다양한 메커니즘에 의해 중합 될 수있다. 얻어진 중합체, 폴리 노르 보르 넨은 높은 유리 전이 온도 Tg를, 흥미로운 광학 및 전기적 특성을 갖는다. 그러나,이 메카니즘에 의해 작용 노보 넨의 중합 엔도 치환 된 노르 보르 넨 단량체는 일반적으로 매우 낮은 반응성을 갖는다는 사실에 의해 복잡하게된다. 또한, 엑소 모노머 엔도 치환 된 단량체의 분리는 지루한 작업이다. 카르 복실 산 또는 펜던트 이중 결합 중 베어링 (엑소 엔도 약 80:20) 여기서는 치환 된 노보 넨의 중합을위한 간단한 프로토콜을 제시한다. 이 과정은 두 이성질체는 분리 될 것을 요구하고, 낮은 촉매 로딩 (0.01 내지 0.02 몰 %)으로 진행하지 않는다. 폴리머 베어링 펜던개미 이중 결합은 또한 중합체 베어링 펜던트 에폭시기를 수득하기 위해 고 수율로 전환 할 수있다. 이 간단한 절차는 예컨대 에스테르, 알콜, 이미 드, 이중 결합, 카르 복실 산, 브로 모 알킬, 알데히드 및 ​​무수물 작용기의 다양한 노르 보르 넨을 제조에도 적용 할 수있다.

NBE 단량체 예컨대 아크릴산 DCPD 대한 간단한 딜스 - 알더 반응 및 적합한 친 디엔, (AA)에 의해 제조된다. 일반적 DCPD는 반응 전에 시클로 펜타 디엔 (CPD)을 수득 금이다. 17 갓 깨진 CPD이어서 딜스 - 알더 반응에 참여한다. 그러나,이 프로토콜에 모두 균열 딜스 - 알더 단계 한 냄비 반응에 수반하여 실행된다. 따라서, 빨리 CPD 형성 한, 5- 노보 넨 -2- 카복실산, ...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about A Simple and Efficient Protocol for the Catalytic Insertion Polymerization of Functional Norbornenes at JoVE.com

A Simple and Efficient Protocol for the Catalytic Insertion Polymerization of Functional Norbornenes

We describe the catalytic insertion polymerization of 5-norbornene-2-carboxylic acid and 5-vinyl-2-norbornene to form functional polymers with a very high glass transition temperature.

기능 노보 넨의 촉매 삽입 중합을위한 간단하고 효율적인 프로토콜

Norbornene can be polymerized by a variety of mechanisms, including insertion polymerization whereby the double bond is polymerized and the bicyclic ...

The overall goal of this synthetic procedure is to prepare functional insertion polynorbornenes, which are highly functional polymers with a very high glass transition temperature. The main advantage of this technique is that it's possible to access high performance polymers bearing highly reactive functional groups such as epoxy groups or acid groups via a simple experimental protocol. Generally, researchers that are new to catalytic polymer synthesis will struggle because the synthesis must be performed using very high standards of purity, but here, in the process we're going to describe, the synthesis can be performed easily with no special purification step.Demonstrating part of the procedure will be Moubarak Compaore, a graduate student in the Claverie laboratory. To begin this procedure, set up a one liter round bottom flask with a condenser and stir bar. Add 327 grams of acrylic acid and 4.9 grams of hydroquinone to the flask.Then use a heating block to heat the mixture to 150 degrees Celsius. Once the refluxing has settled, add 300 grams of DCPD. Then increase the temperature to 170 degrees Celsius for 16 hours.The solution color will change from clear to yellow-brown. Using a Pasteur pipette, extract a sample. Analyze by proton NMR, using deuterated chloroform as the solvent.Next, remove the condenser from the round bottom flask. Replace it with a simple distillation setup connected to a condenser circulating cold water. Place the reaction setup under vacuum and set the pressure to one millimeter mercury.Then heat to 100 degrees Celsius for approximately one hour. Collect and discard the clear liquid that boils off. Replace the collection flask with a 250 milliliter round bottom flask.Heat to 155 degrees Celsius for seven hours to distill the NBE carboxylic acid. Analyze the distilled liquid by proton NMR to determine the purity and endo to exo proportions. Then add 300 grams of NBE carboxylic acid to a 500 milliliter round bottom flask equipped with a magnetic stir bar.Degas the NBE carboxylic acid by bubbling nitrogen for 40 minutes using a slow stirring rate for the stir bar. Add 76 milligrams of allylpalladium(II)chloride dimer. Then add 180 milligrams of silver antimonate.Increase the stirring rate and heat the solution to 70 degrees Celsius under a slight nitrogen flux for 36 hours. Next, cool the flask with liquid nitrogen. Using a spatula, break the polymer into small pieces.Add 750 milliliters of ethyl acetate to a two liter beaker equipped with a magnetic stir bar. Then add the polymer chunks under vigorous stirring. Allow the solution to continue stirring for two hours.After stirring is complete, filter the solution using a Buchner funnel equipped with filter paper. Wash the polymer with 500 milliliters of ethyl acetate three times, then dry the polymer in a vacuum oven at 50 degrees Celsius for 12 hours. Separately degas 100 grams of toluene and 100 grams of NBE(vinyl)by bubbling with nitrogen gas for 30 minutes.After that, place both in the glove box. In the glove box, add the toluene into a 250 milliliter round bottom flask. Next, successively add 76 milligrams of PD2(DBA)3, 68 milligrams of silver antimonite and 43 milligrams of triphenylphosphine to the toluene solution.Then add the degassed NBE(vinyl)and stir at 70 degrees Celsius for 72 hours. Once stirring is complete, remove the solution from the glove box and transfer it into a one liter glass bottle equipped with a magnetic stir bar. Add 200 milliliters of fresh toluene and stir.Then add 10 grams of silica powder and continue stirring at room temperature for 16 hours. After stirring is complete, let the solution settle for two hours to allow the silica particles to sedimentate. Filter the settled solution through a Buchner funnel equipped with filter paper.Rinse the silica particles with fresh toluene and filter it through the Buchner funnel. Next, add 1.2 liters of methanol to a fresh four liter beaker equipped with a magnetic stir bar. Gradually add this solution of toluene and polymer to the beaker under vigorous stirring.Continue stirring for 30 minutes. After stirring is complete, filter the polymer using a Buchner funnel and filter paper. Wash the polymer with 400 milliliters of methanol three times.Analyze the polymer purity by proton NMR to determine if the residual monomer is present. If so, perform one additional wash with methanol. After washing is complete, dry the PNBE(vinyl)under vacuum at room temperature overnight.Add 150 grams of dichloromethane to a 500 milliliter round bottom flask equipped with a magnetic stir bar and a condenser. Then add 15 grams of PNBE(vinyl)with stirring. Once the polymer has completely dissolved, place the flask in an ice bath to cool for 15 minutes.In a fresh beaker, mix 30 grams of formic acid and five grams of acetic acid. Add this acid solution to the flask and let it cool for 15 minutes. Next, add 75 grams of a 30%aqueous solution of hydrogen peroxide and stir the solution for 18 hours.After this, remove a small sample. Precipitate the polymer with acetone and analyze with proton NMR as outlined in the text protocol. If the signal for the double bond has not decreased sufficiently, continue stirring the reaction, analyzing by proton NMR hourly.Once the signal for the double bond has decreased sufficiently, add 750 milliliters of acetone to a fresh four liter beaker equipped with a magnetic stir bar. Gradually add the polymer solution under vigorous stirring. Let the solution continue to stir for 15 minutes.After that, filter the polymer using a Buchner funnel and filter paper. Wash the polymer with 200 milliliters of acetone four times. Finally, dry the polymer under vacuum at room temperature overnight.In this procedure, polymers are obtained by catalyzed polymerization and collected in the form of dry powders. Representative results for the proton NMR analysis of the polymers can be seen here. This analysis confirms the epoxidation of PNBE(vinyl)The decreasing ratio between the integrals of the vinyl group and the other protons in the PNBE(epoxy)spectrum proves the efficacy of this epoxidation procedure, with 97%of PNBE(vinyl)being converted to PNBE(epoxy)FTIR spectroscopy is also used to confirm the outcome of the epoxidation reaction.This is seen by the apparition of a characteristic peak at 875 inverse centimeters and the disappearance of the 904 inverse centimeter and 992 inverse centimeter peaks, which are observed in the PNBE(vinyl)polymer. So once mastered, an ordinary scale of either polymer, be it polynorbornene epoxy or polynorbornene acid, can be prepared in less than a week with minimal manipulation time.

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