Name: efficient sporulation of saccharomyces cerevisiae in a 96 multiwell format
Uploaded: 2016-09-17T14:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Efficient Sporulation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae in a 96 Multiwell Format at JoVE.com

Este trabalho foi apoiado por uma bolsa Joseph P. Healey, da Universidade de Massachusetts Boston (LSH) e R15 GM86805 do NIH (LSH). SMP é suportado em parte por uma Sanofi-Genzyme Fellowship da Universidade de Massachusetts Boston.

1. Preparação para a esporulação Nota:. Os meios de comunicação descritos neste protocolo são feitas usando receitas e métodos padrão 13,17 Tabela 1 dá a formulação para 1 L de vários meios de comunicação utilizados neste protocolo. <table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" height="180" width="469"><colgroup><col /><col /><col span="3" /><col /><col span="2" /></colgroup><tbody><tr height="15"><td height="15" style="height:20px;"></td><td ...

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Aqui apresentamos um protocolo para esporulação levedura SK1 em um formato com vários poços 96. O arejamento é a chave para a esporulação eficiente, que requer a utilização de qualquer uma barra de agitação ou um cordão de vidro em cada poço. Quando as células são esporulados em uma placa com múltiplas cavidades 96 numa incubadora com agitação sem qualquer uma pérola ou uma vareta de agitação, as células não esporular eficientemente. Apenas um pequeno aumento na eficiência de esporulação é vis...

Esporulação na levedura de brotamento foi estudado para fornecer insights sobre muitos aspectos da biologia, incluindo o controle da segregação cromossômica durante a meiose 1, os mecanismos de recombinação genética 2, o controle do desenvolvimento de sinalização celular 3, controle nutricional do desenvolvimento 4, a transcrição regulação do desenvolvimento 5, eo exame de formação de esporos 6. A formação de esporos inclui um evento de divisão celular romance que envolve a formação de novos compartimentos membranares dentro da célula mãe, seguido pela deposição de uma parede de esporos 6 protectora. Estes estudos que examinam as células esporuladas muitas vezes tirar proveito da estirpe de levedura rapidamente esporulantes SK1, que pode sofrer o processo de esporulação em cerca de 24 horas de um modo relativamente eficiente 7,8. Embora a optimização das condições de esporulação de brotamento de levedura foram descritas 9-13, estes experimentos examinados esporulação em meios sólidos ou em culturas líquidas de maior escala, onde a esporulação é efectuada utilizando tubos de cultura ou frascos. Descrevemos aqui um método para a esporulação de levedura num formato de placa de poços múltiplos 96. Nós achamos que para este método, aeração é crítica para a esporulação síncrona e eficiente, e desenvolveram técnicas para garantir a esporulação suficiente um formato com vários poços de pequeno volume. Esporulantes num formato de 96 placa de poços múltiplos permite a células a ser rastreada utilizando técnicas de alto rendimento e reagentes optimizados para um formato de placa de poços múltiplos, tais rastreio de supressores elevado de cópias usando uma biblioteca de azulejos 14-16.

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="745">
	<tbody>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Nunc 1.3 ml DeepWell Plates</td>
			<td style="width:123px;">ThermoScientific</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">260251</td>
			<td style="width:288px;">Used for sporulation</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Nunc 2.0 ml DeepWell plates</td>
			<td style="width:123px;">ThermoScientific</td>
			<td>278743</td>
			<td>Used for presporulation growth, step 1.2.3</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">3 mm glass bead</td>
			<td style="width:123px;">Fisher</td>
			<td>11-312A</td>
			<td>Used for sporulation</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:216px;">5 mm x 2 mm stir bar, pack of 12</td>
			<td style="width:123px;">Fisher</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">14-511-82</td>
			<td>Used for sporulation</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">96 well frogger</td>
			<td style="width:123px;">V&#38;P Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">VP407</td>
			<td>needed for step 1.2</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">library copier</td>
			<td style="width:123px;">V&#38;P Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">VP381</td>
			<td>needed for step 1.2; to be used with the frogger</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">rectangular petri dish</td>
			<td style="width:123px;">ThermoScientific</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">264728</td>
			<td>needed for step 1.2</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Bacto Peptone</td>
			<td style="width:123px;">BD</td>
			<td>211677</td>
			<td>needed for media</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Yeast Extract</td>
			<td style="width:123px;">BD</td>
			<td>212750</td>
			<td>needed for media</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Bacto Agar</td>
			<td style="width:123px;">BD</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">212750</td>
			<td>needed for media</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Dextrose</td>
			<td style="width:123px;">Fisher</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">D16-3</td>
			<td>needed for media</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Potassium Acetate</td>
			<td style="width:123px;">Fisher</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">P171-500</td>
			<td>needed for media</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Glycerol</td>
			<td style="width:123px;">Fisher</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">G33-500</td>
			<td>needed for media</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:216px;">Black 96 well glass bottom plate</td>
			<td style="width:123px;">MatTek</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">PBK96G-1.5.5-F</td>
			<td>needed for step 2.4</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

efficient sporulation of saccharomyces cerevisiae in a 96 multiwell format

During times of nutritional stress, Saccharomyces cerevisiae undergoes gametogenesis, known as sporulation. Diploid yeast cells that are starved for nitrogen and carbon will initiate the sporulation process. The process of sporulation includes meiosis followed by spore formation, where the haploid nuclei are packaged into environmentally resistant spores. We have developed methods for the efficient sporulation of budding yeast in 96 multiwell plates, to increase the throughput of screening yeast cells for sporulation phenotypes. These methods are compatible with screening with yeast containing plasmids requiring nutritional selection, when appropriate minimal media is used, or with screening yeast with genomic alterations, when a rich presporulation regimen is used. We find that for this method, aeration during sporulation is critical for spore formation, and have devised techniques to ensure sufficient aeration that are compatible with the 96 multiwell plate format. Although these methods do not achieve the typical ~80% level of sporulation that can be achieved in large-volume flask based experiments, these methods will reliably achieve about 50-60% level of sporulation in small-volume multiwell plates.

<html> Para avaliar este protocolo, as eficiências de esporulação obtidos a partir de células esporuladas em placas com múltiplas cavidades (como descrito acima) foram comparados às células esporulados usando maiores volumes em frascos (Tabela 2). O uso de placas de múltiplos poços não atingiu a alta eficiência visto quando esporulação em frascos, onde a eficiência ~ 80% podem ser rotineiramente visto. Esporulantes em placas com múltiplas cavidades com arej...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Efficient Sporulation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae in a 96 Multiwell Format at JoVE.com

Efficient Sporulation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae in a 96 Multiwell Format

Here, sporulation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae is carried out in a 96 multiwell format.

A esporulação eficiente dos<em&gt; Saccharomyces cerevisiae</em&gt; Num Multiwell Format 96

During times of nutritional stress, Saccharomyces cerevisiae undergoes gametogenesis, known as sporulation. Diploid yeast cells that are starved for ...

The overall goal of this protocol is to sporulate budding yeast efficiently in a 96-well format. Although many large-scale screens have been carried out on the budding yeast, high-throughput studies looking at meiosis and sporulation have been limited. The technique described in this video has the advantage of sporulating yeast efficiently in a cost-effective manner in a 96-well format compatible with high-throughput screening.I first got the idea for this method because I wanted to use a tiled two micron plasmid library in order to screen for high copy suppressors of a mutant that could not form refractile spores. Initially, my sporulation efficiencies were poor in the 96-well format. I found this was due to inadequate aeration.Begin this procedure by thawing the SK1 yeast strain onto a yeast extract peptone glycerol or YPG plate. Use a sterile stick to scrape a small amount of cells out of the freezer vial containing the glycerol stock and spread it onto a YPG plate. Grow the yeast for 12 to 16 hours at 30 degrees Celsius.Next, streak the yeast from the YPG plate onto a yeast extract peptone dextrose, or YPD, plate for single colones. Grow the yeast on the YPD plate for 24 to 48 hours at 30 degrees Celsius. After 24 to 48 hours of growth on YPD solid media, start a 25 milliliter YPD culture using a single colony from the YPD plate.Grow this culture overnight in a 30 degree Celsius shaking incubator at 220 RPM until the cells reach an OD600 of 4.0 to 7.0. On the following day, use an appropriate amount of cells from the YPD culture to start a 125 milliliter culture in yeast extract peptone acetate, or YPA, with an OD600 of 0.1. Grow the culture in a 30 degree Celsius shaking incubator at 220 RPM until the OD600 is between 1.3 and 1.5.Transfer the culture to centrifuge tubes and spin at 1800X G in a tabletop centrifuge for five minutes to pellet the cells. Wash the cells once with a 0.5 volume of sterile autoclaved deionized water. Spin again and discard the water.Resuspend the cells in a 1X volume of sporulation media. To prepare cells of different genotypes, cells from thawed frozen stocks in a 96 multiwell plate are first transferred onto YPG solid media. Flame a 96 prong frogger and then cool it momentarily on a plate of solid media before touching it to the yeast colonies.Grow the yeast overnight at 30 degrees Celsius. On the following day, transfer the cells from YPG solid media onto the YPD or selective solid media, depending on the genotype of the strain. YPD is used in this demonstration.Grow the yeast at 30 degrees Celsius until colonies are formed for each strain. Aliquot 1.2 milliliters of YPD liquid media into each well of a 96 deep well plate. Transfer the cells from the solid media into liquid media.Cover the plate with a plastic lid from a rectangular petri plate and hold the lid in place using a piece of tape to minimally restrict air circulation. Grow the cells overnight in a 30 degree Celsius shaker at 220 RPM. On the following day, centrifuge at 1800X G for five minutes.Pour off the media and add 500 microliters of YPA to each well. And resuspend the pelleted cells. Cover the plate with a plastic lid held in place by tape.Grow the cells for 15 hours in a 30 degree Celsius shaking incubator at 220 RPM. To provide proper aeration for efficient sporulation, add into each well of a 96-well plate either one three millimeter sterile solid glass bead or a sterile five millimeter by two millimeter magnetic stir bar. If all cells are of the same genotype, aliquat 500 microliters of cells plus media into each well of the 96-multiwell plate.Cover the plate with a plastic lid held in place by tape. If cells are of different genotypes, spin the cells that are in YPA at 1800X G for five minutes and pour off the media. Add 500 microliters of sporulation media to each well.And resuspend the pelleted cells in the sporulation media. Cover the plate with a plastic lid held in place by tape. If using glass beads, place the samples in a shaking incubator at 30 degrees Celsius and shake at 220 RPM for sporulation.If using magnetic stir bars, place the samples on a stir plate inside of a 30 degrees Celsius incubator for sporulation. The exact stir speed for the magnetic bars is not very important, as long as all of the bars are moving energetically and the culture is aerated. 36 hours later, retrieve the samples to monitor progression through sporulation.Withdraw six microliters of cells from each sporulating culture and add to 24 microliters of sporulation media in a 96-well coverslip plate. Leave the cells to settle for five minutes before examining them using an inverted microscope. A representative sporulation of two different strains is shown in these images of cells visualized using a 63X objective on an inverted microscope.Refractile tetrads, indicated by the arrowheads, can be seen in the wild-type culture. But not in the culture containing the sporulation-deficient smk1 delete cells. Comparisons were made between sporulation efficiencies from cells sporulated in multi-well plates and cells sporulated using larger volumes in flasks.The use of multi-well plates did not achieve the high efficiency routinely seen when using the more typical protocol of sporulating in flasks. Sporulating in multi-well plates with proper aeration can achieve sufficient sporulation efficiencies greater than 50%with the best results obtained using a five millimeter stir bar. However, given the high cost of the small stir bars, the efficiencies obtained using glass beads are comparable.Although both five millimeter and seven millimeter stir bars fit within the well of a 96-multiwell plate, using a seven millimeter stir bar resulted in poor sporulation efficiency. The seven millimeter stir bar in a well tends to interact with a stir bar in an adjacent well. Preventing the bars from stirring properly and providing adequate aeration to the culture.After watching this video, you should have a good understanding of how to efficiently sporulate yeast cells in liquid culture in the 96-well format. Once mastered, this process can be completed in six days, if done properly. This procedure can be used for screening different mutant strains, plasmids, or small molecule inhibitors for their effect on meiosis and sporulation.After it's development, this technique was used to study the regulation of meiotic cell cycle and how cytokinesis and meiosis are coupled in sporulation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

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JoVE Journal

Biology

Efficient Sporulation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae in a 96 Multiwell Format

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The Fluorescence in situ Hybridization (FISH) method allows one to detect nucleic acids in the native cellular environment. Here we provide a protocol for ...

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Proteostasis, defined as the combined processes of protein folding/biogenesis, refolding/repair, and degradation, is a delicate cellular balance that must ...

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