Name: eye-tracking control to assess cognitive functions in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Uploaded: 2016-10-13T15:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Eye-Tracking Control to Assess Cognitive Functions in Patients with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis at JoVE.com

著者は、技術サポートのためのラルフ・キューネに感謝したいと思います。この作品は、ドイツ学術協会（DFG）とBundesministeriumエリーゼビルドゥングウントForschung（BMBF＃01GM1103A）によって賄われていました。これは、EU共同プログラム、神経変性疾患研究（JPND）プロジェクトです。プロジェクトがJPND- 例えば 、ドイツ、BundesministeriumエリーゼビルドゥングウントForschung（BMBF、FKZ）、スウェーデン、Vetenskaprådetスウェーデン、ポーランド、NarodoweセントラムBadań私Rozwoju（NCBR）の庇護の下、以下の機関によってサポートされています。

研究では、ウルム大学（文号19/12）の倫理委員会によって承認されたので、記載されているプロトコルは、そのガイドラインに従います。すべての参加者は、書面によるインフォームドコンセントを与えました。 1.刺激とテスト環境<ol><li>最小限に気晴らしを維持するには、暗いまたは非常に薄暗い静かな部屋で研究を行います。 </li><li>適切なアイトラッキングデバイ?...

<ol>
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正常に話し、書くことができないALS患者の認知状態を評価するために困難な作業です。 videooculographyシステムの使用は有望なアプローチを提供します。ここに提示された技術は、ALS患者の介護者の負担と疾病管理20の文脈において中心的な役割を果たして認知障害を検出するのに信頼性があります。また、CPMおよびD2-テストの眼球運動のバージョンは、それぞれの標準紙鉛筆のバージ?...

筋萎縮性側索硬化症（ALS）は、通常、3〜5年以内に死に至る致命的な神経変性疾患です。病理の過程で、進行性の呼吸器および延髄機能の損失だけでなく、運動能力1障害を持つ存在患者。これは、前頭側頭型認知症2といくつかの臨床病理学、および遺伝的特徴を共有し、うまくALS患者の約30％が認知障害3を示すことが記載されています。これらの赤字は、実行機能、言語の流暢と言語4のドメインで最も顕著であり、生存5、コンプライアンス6および介護者の負担7に影響を与えます。したがって、信頼性の神経心理学的評価は、この疾患における非常に重要です。 モータとスピーチ能力の前進障害は、しかし、病気8の後の段階で認知能力の徹底的な評価のための制限要因です。彼女の電子、眼球運動に基づいたアプローチは、基本的な眼球運動の制御は、患者9の大多数のためのALSの進行中に比較的長い時間のために無傷のままであるように、非常に有望であると思われます。アイトラッキングパラメータ自体は、ALS 10患者の認知状態についての情報を取得し、またALS 11の連続拡散パターンと相関するために使用されています。 ALSの文脈における認知テストを制御するための手段として、眼球運動はまた、以前の研究で検討されています。別のは、それが適切な認知能力に基づいて、健常対照者とALS患者とを区別すると認知より少なく損なわれた患者とを区別することが見出され、一方、ある研究では、トレイルづくりテスト12の眼球運動ベースのバージョンを使用して、健常対照におけるその有用性を成功裏に実証されています13。 ここで説明する研究は、ALでの認知障害を研究するために眼球運動ベースの方法論を使用しましたS患者、特に実行機能のドメインインチ2つのよく検証され、一般的に使用される神経心理学的テストは、眼球運動の制御に適応させた漆黒の色の漸進的マトリックス（CPM）14およびD2-テスト15。 CPMは、エグゼクティブや視空間能力だけでなく、流動性知能を測定するために使用される非言語的な楽器です。 D2-テストは、選択的かつ持続的注意と視覚処理速度のドメインに遂行機能障害を発見するために使用される非言語的なツールです。両方が広く、正常疾患16および健常対照17と比較して、ALS患者の神経心理学的状態の過程で潜在的な認知機能の低下を評価する以前の研究で使用されてきた臨床ツールを使用しています。 この作業の目的は、RELを使用しての動きと音声障害のALSは無関係で認知障害の成功の評価のための要件を示すことでしたCPMとD2-テストのiable、アイトラッキングベースのバージョン。重要なことは、ここで説明する方法は、重度の運動障害を持つ患者の他の集団を研究するために拡張される可能性があります。

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="1081">
	<tbody>
		<tr height="21">
			<td>EyeSeeCam</td>
			<td>EyeSeeTec GmbH; 82256 F&#252;rstenfeldbruck, Germany</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Videooculography device</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

eye-tracking control to assess cognitive functions in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disorder with pathological involvement of upper and lower motoneurons, subsequently leading to progressive loss of motor and speech abilities. In addition, cognitive functions are impaired in a subset of patients. To evaluate these potential deficits in severely physically impaired ALS patients, eye-tracking is a promising means to conduct cognitive tests. The present article focuses on how eye movements, an indirect means of communication for physically disabled patients, can be utilized to allow for detailed neuropsychological assessment. The requirements, in terms of oculomotor parameters that have to be met for sufficient eye-tracking in ALS patients are presented. The properties of stimuli, including type of neuropsychological tests and style of presentation, best suited to successfully assess cognitive functioning, are also described. Furthermore, recommendations regarding procedural requirements are provided. Overall, this methodology provides a reliable, easy to administer and fast approach for assessing cognitive deficits in patients who are unable to speak or write such as patients with severe ALS. The only confounding factor might be deficits in voluntary eye movement control in a subset of ALS patients.

ここで紹介する研究、 すなわちの目的のために、社内で開発されたソフトウェア、ALS患者のための神経心理学的評価をベース信頼性眼球運動の発展は正しいの割合を手動で計算を可能にする、別のファイルにCPMの被験者の選択を保存します回答。 D2-試験のため、垂直眼球運動の記録は、手動で関連する応答の検出のために+ 5°の閾値を使用して分析され...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Eye-Tracking Control to Assess Cognitive Functions in Patients with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis at JoVE.com

Eye-Tracking Control to Assess Cognitive Functions in Patients with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis

Cognitive deficits are common in about one third of patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, a neurological condition leading to progressive impairments in speech and movement abilities. To conduct cognitive tests in patients unable to speak or write a reliable and easy to administer eye-tracking paradigm was developed.

筋萎縮性側索硬化症の患者で認知機能を評価するために、アイトラッキング制御

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disorder with pathological involvement of upper and lower motoneurons, subsequently leading to ...

The overall goal of this eye-tracking paradigm is to use an oculomotor based technique to assess cognitive functions in patients with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis or ALS who are unable to speak and write. This method can help answer key questions in the field of potential cognitive deficits in patients with severe physical impairments, such as ALS. The main advantage of this technique is that it uses eye movement to conduct neuropsychological testing in ALS patients, and therefore is suited for patients who are unable to speak or write.Though this method was developed for patients with ALS it can also be applied to other patient samples unable to speak and write but within intact oculomotor control. For this experiment, use a portable eye movement recording device with goggles. Optimize eye movement detection by adjusting the cameras in all six degrees of freedom.Next, set up a standardized oculomotor testing paradigm such as a series of saccadic tasks in order to detect deficits in eye movement control. Use software to present these tasks on a hemicylindrical screen via a projector that is mounted above where the participant will sit. Finally, in preparation for the second part of the experiment, check that a red laser spot, which will be used for the eye-tracking based version of the D2 test, appears correctly on the screen.Begin by asking the participant to turn off all potentially disturbing devices, such as mobile phones or pagers. Bring a participant who does not have substantial visual impairments into the testing room. Seat them on an elevated chair in front of an adjustable chin rest that is 150 centimeters from the computer screen.Ask the participant to place their head on the chin rest. And then place the video-oculography goggles on their head. Adjust the goggles to properly fit the head shape and size.Ensure that both eyes are visible on the experimenter's screen, and focus the cameras within the goggles so that the images of each eye are centered on the screen. Next, check that the system is continuously recording eye movements at all times by instructing the participant to look in each corner of the hemicylindrical screen. Start the standardized oculomotor testing paradigm and have the participant complete a second calibration.Ask the participant to track a single spot on the screen oscillating horizontally and then vertically with a frequency of 0.125 hertz in order to map the non-calibrated orthogonalized raw data from the eye movement recording device with respect to the true orthoganlized eye position. Finally, check if the calibration is acceptable, meaning the true eye movement and the raw data are spatially and temporally synchronized. If so, instruct the participant to keep their head as still as possible.For the first part of the experiment the Raven's colored progressive matrices, or CPM test, displays a series of matrices 22 degrees long and 15 degrees high on the screen with a blank space cut out. Instruct the participant to identify the missing piece below each matrix. After making a choice, have the subject close their eyes for at least 250 milliseconds to start off a green frame outlining the six possible alternatives of missing pieces for 1500 milliseconds each.Ask the participant to designate the alternative they think is correct by closing their eyes for at least 250 milliseconds while their choice is within the green frame. Project the participant's choice separately on the hemicylindrical screen, in order to confirm, instruct them to close their eyes again for at least 250 milliseconds. Have the participant complete further training by selecting the missing piece in the next three matrices.Answer any questions the participant may have about the procedure. Then have the participant complete the full CPM task. For the second part of the experiment, the D2 test, ask the participant to direct their gaze to the center of the screen.Tell them to observe each of the 47 letters with a height of 11 degrees and a width of 2.5 degrees, one after the other in the middle of the screen in which each stimulus lasts for 2000 milliseconds. Whenever the letter d with two dashes is presented instruct the participant to look at the red laser spot positioned above the letter until the next stimulus appears. Finally, after the training is complete, have the participant complete the full D2 test, consisting of five blocks of 47 stimuli each.In a sample of patients with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, or ALS, there was a good congruency between the eye-tracking and standard version of the CPM test. Furthermore, there's significant group differences in the CPM test and the D2 test, indicating that this technique reliably distinguishes between more and less cognitively impaired ALS patients. Once mastered this technique can be completed in 25 minutes if it is performed properly.For ALS patients with insufficient oculomotor control other methods, such as the brain-computer interface can be utilized in order to assess their cognitive functioning. After watching this video, you should have good understanding of how to perform eye movement based neural psychological testing with ALS patients.

Research

JoVE Journal

Behavior

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EmoCogMeter、新規タブレットコンピュータベースのアプローチを用いて認知機能の加齢変化の評価

The main goal of this study was to assess the usability of a tablet-computer-based application (EmoCogMeter) in investigating the effects of age on ...

行動学

A Method for Investigating Age-related Differences in the Functional Connectivity of Cognitive Control Networks Associated with Dimensional Change Card Sort Performance

寸法変化カードソート·パフォーマンスと認知制御ネットワーク関連の機能的結合の加齢の違いを調査するための方法

The ability to adjust behavior to sudden changes in the environment develops gradually in childhood and adolescence. For example, in the Dimensional ...

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ビート難聴を暴く：同期指タッピングと知覚タイミングタスクを検出リズム障害

A set of behavioral tasks for assessing perceptual and sensorimotor timing abilities in the general population (i.e., non-musicians) is presented here ...

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ソーシャル・コミュニケーションを評価するためにマウスの超音波発声を記録

Mice emit ultrasonic vocalizations in different contexts throughout development and in adulthood. These vocal signals are now currently used as proxies ...

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Visual problems that occur early in life can have major impact on a child's development. Without verbal communication and only based on observational ...

Eye Tracking During Visually Situated Language Comprehension: Flexibility and Limitations in Uncovering Visual Context Effects

視覚的に位置の言語理解の中に目の追跡: 柔軟性の視覚的文脈の発見の効果の制限

The present work is a description and an assessment of a methodology designed to quantify different aspects of the interaction between language processing ...

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動画の社会制御の高機能 ASD の併発 ADHD 児の目追跡データを比較します。

Children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are known to have sensory-perceptual processing deficits that weaken their abilities to attend and perceive ...

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ヒトてんかん患者における同時アイトラッキングとシングルニューロン記録

Intracranial recordings from patients with intractable epilepsy provide a unique opportunity to study the activity of individual human neurons during ...

Investigating the Deployment of Visual Attention Before Accurate and Averaging Saccades via Eye Tracking and Assessment of Visual Sensitivity

アイトラッ キングによる正確かつ平均サッカード前に視覚的注意の展開と視覚感度の評価を調査

This experimental protocol was designed to investigate whether visual attention is obligatorily deployed at the endpoint of saccades. To this end, we ...

Defining the Role Of Language in Infants' Object Categorization with Eye-tracking Paradigms

アイ ・ トラッキング パラダイムと乳児のオブジェクトの分類での言語の役割の定義

Assessing infant category learning is a challenging but vital aspect of studying infant cognition. By employing a familiarization-test paradigm, we ...