Name: eye-tracking control to assess cognitive functions in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Uploaded: 2016-10-13T15:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Eye-Tracking Control to Assess Cognitive Functions in Patients with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis at JoVE.com

Los autores desean agradecer a Ralf Kühne para soporte técnico. Este trabajo fue financiado por la Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) y el für Bildung und Bundesministerium Forschung (BMBF # 01GM1103A). Este es un proyecto de Programa Conjunto de Investigación de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas-UE (JPND). El proyecto es apoyado a través de las siguientes organizaciones bajo los auspicios de JPND- ej., Alemania, für Bildung und Bundesministerium Forschung (BMBF, FKZ), Suecia, Sverige Vetenskaprådet, Polonia, Narodowe Centrum Badan i Rozwoju (NCBR).

El estudio fue aprobado por el Comité de Ética de la Universidad de Ulm (Declaración Nº 19/12) y el protocolo descrito por lo tanto, sigue sus directrices. Todos los participantes dieron su consentimiento informado por escrito. 1. Los estímulos y el entorno de pruebas <ol><li> Para mantener al mínimo las distracciones realizar la investigación en un lugar oscuro o en una habitación con luz tenue y tranquilo. </li><li> Utilice un dispositivo de seguimiento ocular adecuada. NO...

<ol>
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Es una tarea difícil de evaluar correctamente el estado cognitivo de los pacientes con ELA que no son capaces de hablar y escribir. El uso de sistemas videooculography proporciona un enfoque prometedor. La técnica aquí presentada es fiable en la detección de déficits cognitivos, que desempeñan un papel fundamental en el contexto de la carga para el cuidador y la enfermedad de gestión 20 en pacientes con ELA. Además, las versiones oculomotores de la CMF y la prueba D2 se correlacionan significativament...

La esclerosis lateral amiotrófica (ELA) es un trastorno neurodegenerativo fatal por lo general conduce a la muerte a menos de 3 a 5 años. En el curso de la patología, los pacientes presentan pérdida progresiva de las vías respiratorias y funcionamiento bulbar, así como deficiencias en la capacidad de movimiento 1. Se comparte algunas de las características clínicas, patológicas y genéticas con demencia frontotemporal 2 y está bien documentado que alrededor del 30% de los pacientes de ELA muestran déficits cognitivos 3. Estos déficits son más prominentes en los dominios de la función ejecutiva, fluidez verbal y el lenguaje 4 y tener una influencia en la supervivencia a 5, 6 y cumplimiento cuidador carga 7. Por lo tanto, la evaluación neuropsicológica fiable es crucial en esta enfermedad. Avanzando impedimentos en el habla y las habilidades motoras son, sin embargo, un factor limitante para la evaluación completa de las capacidades cognitivas en etapas posteriores de la enfermedad 8. Sue, los enfoques basados oculomotores parece ser muy prometedor, ya que el control básico del movimiento del ojo permanece intacto durante mucho tiempo comparativamente durante el curso de ALS para la mayoría de los pacientes 9. Sí mismo parámetros de seguimiento ocular se han utilizado para obtener información sobre el estado cognitivo de los pacientes con ALS 10 y también se correlacionan con el patrón de difusión secuencial de ALS 11. Movimiento de los ojos como un medio para controlar las pruebas cognitivas en el contexto de la ELA también se ha estudiado en trabajos anteriores. Un estudio ha demostrado con éxito su facilidad de uso en los controles sanos utilizando una versión basada oculomotor del Trail-Making Test 12, mientras que otro encontró que es adecuado para distinguir entre controles sanos y pacientes con ELA basado en el rendimiento cognitivo y de discriminar entre pacientes cognitivamente más y menos deteriorados 13. La investigación descrita aquí utiliza una metodología basada en el motor ocular común para estudiar los deterioros cognitivos en ALS pacientes, específicamente en el dominio de la función ejecutiva. Dos pruebas neuropsicológicas bien validados y comúnmente utilizados se adaptaron al control del movimiento ocular: matrices de Raven colores progresivos (CPM) 14 y la prueba D2-15. El CPM es un instrumento no verbal utilizado para medir las habilidades visuoespaciales y ejecutivas, así como la inteligencia fluida. El D2-prueba es también una herramienta no verbal utilizado para descubrir la disfunción ejecutiva en el área de la atención selectiva y sostenida y velocidad de procesamiento visual. Ambos se usan ampliamente herramientas clínicas que se han empleado con éxito en los estudios anteriores evaluar el potencial deterioro cognitivo durante el curso de la enfermedad 16 y el estado neuropsicológico de pacientes con ELA en comparación con los controles sanos 17. El objetivo de este trabajo es mostrar los requisitos para la evaluación satisfactoria de los déficits cognitivos en la ELA independiente del movimiento y el habla discapacidad utilizando un reliable versión, basada en el seguimiento ocular de la CPM y la prueba D2. Es importante destacar que el método descrito aquí tiene el potencial de ser ampliado para estudiar otras poblaciones de pacientes con deficiencias motoras severas.

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			<td>EyeSeeCam</td>
			<td>EyeSeeTec GmbH; 82256 F&#252;rstenfeldbruck, Germany</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Videooculography device</td>
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eye-tracking control to assess cognitive functions in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disorder with pathological involvement of upper and lower motoneurons, subsequently leading to progressive loss of motor and speech abilities. In addition, cognitive functions are impaired in a subset of patients. To evaluate these potential deficits in severely physically impaired ALS patients, eye-tracking is a promising means to conduct cognitive tests. The present article focuses on how eye movements, an indirect means of communication for physically disabled patients, can be utilized to allow for detailed neuropsychological assessment. The requirements, in terms of oculomotor parameters that have to be met for sufficient eye-tracking in ALS patients are presented. The properties of stimuli, including type of neuropsychological tests and style of presentation, best suited to successfully assess cognitive functioning, are also described. Furthermore, recommendations regarding procedural requirements are provided. Overall, this methodology provides a reliable, easy to administer and fast approach for assessing cognitive deficits in patients who are unable to speak or write such as patients with severe ALS. The only confounding factor might be deficits in voluntary eye movement control in a subset of ALS patients.

Para el propósito de la investigación que aquí se presenta, es decir, el desarrollo de un motor ocular común fiable de evaluación neuropsicológica de pacientes con ELA, de desarrollo propio software almacena las opciones del sujeto de la CPM en un archivo separado, lo que permite el cálculo manual de la porcentaje de correcta basada respuestas. Para el D2-test, un registro de los movimientos oculares verticales se analiza de forma manual utilizando un umbral de + 5 ° par...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Eye-Tracking Control to Assess Cognitive Functions in Patients with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis at JoVE.com

Eye-Tracking Control to Assess Cognitive Functions in Patients with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis

Cognitive deficits are common in about one third of patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, a neurological condition leading to progressive impairments in speech and movement abilities. To conduct cognitive tests in patients unable to speak or write a reliable and easy to administer eye-tracking paradigm was developed.

Eye-Tracking de control para evaluar las funciones cognitivas en pacientes con esclerosis lateral amiotrófica

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disorder with pathological involvement of upper and lower motoneurons, subsequently leading to ...

The overall goal of this eye-tracking paradigm is to use an oculomotor based technique to assess cognitive functions in patients with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis or ALS who are unable to speak and write. This method can help answer key questions in the field of potential cognitive deficits in patients with severe physical impairments, such as ALS. The main advantage of this technique is that it uses eye movement to conduct neuropsychological testing in ALS patients, and therefore is suited for patients who are unable to speak or write.Though this method was developed for patients with ALS it can also be applied to other patient samples unable to speak and write but within intact oculomotor control. For this experiment, use a portable eye movement recording device with goggles. Optimize eye movement detection by adjusting the cameras in all six degrees of freedom.Next, set up a standardized oculomotor testing paradigm such as a series of saccadic tasks in order to detect deficits in eye movement control. Use software to present these tasks on a hemicylindrical screen via a projector that is mounted above where the participant will sit. Finally, in preparation for the second part of the experiment, check that a red laser spot, which will be used for the eye-tracking based version of the D2 test, appears correctly on the screen.Begin by asking the participant to turn off all potentially disturbing devices, such as mobile phones or pagers. Bring a participant who does not have substantial visual impairments into the testing room. Seat them on an elevated chair in front of an adjustable chin rest that is 150 centimeters from the computer screen.Ask the participant to place their head on the chin rest. And then place the video-oculography goggles on their head. Adjust the goggles to properly fit the head shape and size.Ensure that both eyes are visible on the experimenter's screen, and focus the cameras within the goggles so that the images of each eye are centered on the screen. Next, check that the system is continuously recording eye movements at all times by instructing the participant to look in each corner of the hemicylindrical screen. Start the standardized oculomotor testing paradigm and have the participant complete a second calibration.Ask the participant to track a single spot on the screen oscillating horizontally and then vertically with a frequency of 0.125 hertz in order to map the non-calibrated orthogonalized raw data from the eye movement recording device with respect to the true orthoganlized eye position. Finally, check if the calibration is acceptable, meaning the true eye movement and the raw data are spatially and temporally synchronized. If so, instruct the participant to keep their head as still as possible.For the first part of the experiment the Raven's colored progressive matrices, or CPM test, displays a series of matrices 22 degrees long and 15 degrees high on the screen with a blank space cut out. Instruct the participant to identify the missing piece below each matrix. After making a choice, have the subject close their eyes for at least 250 milliseconds to start off a green frame outlining the six possible alternatives of missing pieces for 1500 milliseconds each.Ask the participant to designate the alternative they think is correct by closing their eyes for at least 250 milliseconds while their choice is within the green frame. Project the participant's choice separately on the hemicylindrical screen, in order to confirm, instruct them to close their eyes again for at least 250 milliseconds. Have the participant complete further training by selecting the missing piece in the next three matrices.Answer any questions the participant may have about the procedure. Then have the participant complete the full CPM task. For the second part of the experiment, the D2 test, ask the participant to direct their gaze to the center of the screen.Tell them to observe each of the 47 letters with a height of 11 degrees and a width of 2.5 degrees, one after the other in the middle of the screen in which each stimulus lasts for 2000 milliseconds. Whenever the letter d with two dashes is presented instruct the participant to look at the red laser spot positioned above the letter until the next stimulus appears. Finally, after the training is complete, have the participant complete the full D2 test, consisting of five blocks of 47 stimuli each.In a sample of patients with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, or ALS, there was a good congruency between the eye-tracking and standard version of the CPM test. Furthermore, there's significant group differences in the CPM test and the D2 test, indicating that this technique reliably distinguishes between more and less cognitively impaired ALS patients. Once mastered this technique can be completed in 25 minutes if it is performed properly.For ALS patients with insufficient oculomotor control other methods, such as the brain-computer interface can be utilized in order to assess their cognitive functioning. After watching this video, you should have good understanding of how to perform eye movement based neural psychological testing with ALS patients.

Research

JoVE Journal

Behavior

Assessment of Age-related Changes in Cognitive Functions Using EmoCogMeter, a Novel Tablet-computer Based Approach

Evaluación de los cambios relacionados con la edad en las funciones cognitivas Uso EmoCogMeter, un Enfoque Basado Novela Tablet-ordenador

The main goal of this study was to assess the usability of a tablet-computer-based application (EmoCogMeter) in investigating the effects of age on ...

Investigación

Comportamiento

A Method for Investigating Age-related Differences in the Functional Connectivity of Cognitive Control Networks Associated with Dimensional Change Card Sort Performance

Un método para investigar las diferencias relacionadas con la edad en la conectividad funcional de las redes de control cognitivo asociado con el cambio dimensional Card Ordenar Performance

The ability to adjust behavior to sudden changes in the environment develops gradually in childhood and adolescence. For example, in the Dimensional ...

Uncovering Beat Deafness: Detecting Rhythm Disorders with Synchronized Finger Tapping and Perceptual Timing Tasks

El descubrimiento de golpe Sordera: Trastornos Detección de ritmo con los dedos sincronizada Tapping y tareas de sincronización de percepción

A set of behavioral tasks for assessing perceptual and sensorimotor timing abilities in the general population (i.e., non-musicians) is presented here ...

Recording Mouse Ultrasonic Vocalizations to Evaluate Social Communication

Grabación de ratón de ultrasonidos Las vocalizaciones de Evaluación de la Comunicación Social

Mice emit ultrasonic vocalizations in different contexts throughout development and in adulthood. These vocal signals are now currently used as proxies ...

A Method to Quantify Visual Information Processing in Children Using Eye Tracking

Un método para cuantificar procesamiento de la información visual en niños El uso de Eye Tracking

Visual problems that occur early in life can have major impact on a child's development. Without verbal communication and only based on observational ...

Eye Tracking During Visually Situated Language Comprehension: Flexibility and Limitations in Uncovering Visual Context Effects

Eye Tracking durante la comprensión del lenguaje visual situado: Flexibilidad y las limitaciones de descubrir efectos de contexto Visual

The present work is a description and an assessment of a methodology designed to quantify different aspects of the interaction between language processing ...

Comparing Eye-tracking Data of Children with High-functioning ASD, Comorbid ADHD, and of a Control Watching Social Videos

Comparación de los datos de Eye-tracking de los niños con Tea de alto funcionamiento, Comorbid ADHD y de un Control viendo Videos sociales

Children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are known to have sensory-perceptual processing deficits that weaken their abilities to attend and perceive ...

Simultaneous Eye Tracking and Single-Neuron Recordings in Human Epilepsy Patients

Seguimiento ocular simultáneo y grabaciones de una sola neurona en pacientes con epilepsia humana

Intracranial recordings from patients with intractable epilepsy provide a unique opportunity to study the activity of individual human neurons during ...

Investigating the Deployment of Visual Attention Before Accurate and Averaging Saccades via Eye Tracking and Assessment of Visual Sensitivity

Investigando la implementación de la atención Visual antes de Saccades precisas y un promedio por ojo de seguimiento y evaluación de la sensibilidad Visual

This experimental protocol was designed to investigate whether visual attention is obligatorily deployed at the endpoint of saccades. To this end, we ...

Defining the Role Of Language in Infants' Object Categorization with Eye-tracking Paradigms

Definir el papel del lenguaje en objeto categorización los bebés con paradigmas de Eye-tracking

Assessing infant category learning is a challenging but vital aspect of studying infant cognition. By employing a familiarization-test paradigm, we ...