Name: eye-tracking control to assess cognitive functions in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Uploaded: 2016-10-13T15:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Eye-Tracking Control to Assess Cognitive Functions in Patients with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis at JoVE.com

Författarna vill tacka Ralf Kühne för teknisk support. Detta arbete har finansierats av Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) och Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung (BMBF # 01GM1103A). Detta är ett EU: s gemensamma Program neurodegenerativ sjukdom Research (JPND) projekt. Projektet stöds genom följande organisationer under ledning av JPND- eg., Tyskland, Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung (BMBF, FKZ), Sverige, Vetenskaprådet Sverige, Polen, Narodowe Centrum Badan i Rozwoju (NCBR).

Studien godkändes av den etiska kommittén vid universitetet i Ulm (Statement No. 19/12) och det protokoll som beskrivs därför följer deras riktlinjer. Alla deltagare gav skriftligt informerat samtycke. 1. stimuli och Testmiljö <ol><li> För att hålla distraktioner till ett minimum utföra forskning i en mörk eller en mycket svagt upplysta och tyst rum. </li><li> Använd en lämplig eye tracking enhet. OBS: Det finns en mängd olika enheter tillgängliga för att utföra ögo...

<ol>
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Det är en utmanande uppgift att framgångsrikt bedöma den kognitiva status hos patienter med ALS som är oförmögen att tala och skriva. Användningen av videooculography system tillhandahåller ett lovande tillvägagångssätt. Den härmed tekniken är pålitlig i att upptäcka kognitiva brister, som spelar en central roll i samband med vårdare bördan och sjukdomshantering 20 i ALS-patienter. Även de oculomotor versioner av CPM och D2-testet korrelerar signifikant med sina respektive standardpappers pe...

Amyotrofisk lateralskleros (ALS) är en dödlig neurodegenerativ sjukdom vanligen leder till döden inom tre till fem år. Under patologin patienter närvarande med progressiv förlust av luftvägarna och bulbär funktion samt nedskrivningar i rörelse förmågor 1. Det delar vissa kliniska, patologiska och genetiska särdrag med frontotemporal demens två och det är väl dokumenterat att ca 30% av ALS-patienter uppvisar kognitiva brister 3. Dessa underskott är mest framträdande i områdena exekutiva funktioner, verbalt flyt och språk 4 och har en inverkan på överlevnaden 5, efterlevnad 6 och vårdare börda 7. Således är avgörande i denna sjukdom pålitliga neuropsykologiska bedömning. Ryckande försämringar i motor- och tal förmågor är dock en begränsande faktor för grundlig utvärdering av kognitiva förmågor i senare stadier av sjukdomen 8. Hennee, oculomotor baserade strategier verkar vara mycket lovande, som grundläggande ögonrörelsekontroll förblir intakt för en jämförbar lång tid under ALS för majoriteten av patienterna 9. Eye-tracking parametrar själv har använts för att få information om den kognitiva status hos patienter med ALS 10 och även korrelerar med den sekventiella spridningsmönstret ALS 11. Ögonrörelser som ett medel för att styra kognitiva tester i samband med ALS har också studerats i tidigare arbeten. En studie har framgångsrikt visat sin användbarhet i friska kontroller med hjälp av en oculomotor baserad version av Trail Making Test 12, medan en annan fann det lämpligt att skilja mellan friska kontroller och ALS-patienter baserad på kognitiv prestation och att skilja mellan kognitivt mer och mindre nedsatt njurfunktion 13. Den forskning som beskrivs här används en oculomotor baserad metod för att studera kognitiva försämringar i ALS patienter, särskilt på området för verkställande funktion. Två väl validerade och som vanligen används neuropsykologiska tester anpassades till ögonrörelsekontroll: Korpens färgade progressiva matriser (CPM) 14 och D2-testet 15. CPM är en icke-verbal instrument som används för att mäta verkställande och visuospatial förmågor samt flytande intelligens. D2-testet är också en icke-verbal verktyg som används för att avslöja verkställande dysfunktion inom områdena selektiv och ihållande uppmärksamhet och visuell bearbetningshastighet. Båda används ofta kliniska verktyg som har använts med framgång i tidigare studier bedöma potentiella kognitiv nedgång under sjukdomsförloppet 16 och neuropsykologiska status ALS-patienter jämfört med friska kontroller 17. Målet med detta arbete var att visa kraven för en framgångsrik utvärdering av kognitiva brister i ALS oberoende av rörelse- och talsvårigheter med hjälp av en reliable, eye-tracking baserad version av CPM och D2-testet. Viktigt är den här beskrivna metoden har potential att utökas för att studera andra populationer av patienter med svåra motoriska nedsättningar.

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			<td>EyeSeeCam</td>
			<td>EyeSeeTec GmbH; 82256 F&#252;rstenfeldbruck, Germany</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Videooculography device</td>
		</tr>
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eye-tracking control to assess cognitive functions in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disorder with pathological involvement of upper and lower motoneurons, subsequently leading to progressive loss of motor and speech abilities. In addition, cognitive functions are impaired in a subset of patients. To evaluate these potential deficits in severely physically impaired ALS patients, eye-tracking is a promising means to conduct cognitive tests. The present article focuses on how eye movements, an indirect means of communication for physically disabled patients, can be utilized to allow for detailed neuropsychological assessment. The requirements, in terms of oculomotor parameters that have to be met for sufficient eye-tracking in ALS patients are presented. The properties of stimuli, including type of neuropsychological tests and style of presentation, best suited to successfully assess cognitive functioning, are also described. Furthermore, recommendations regarding procedural requirements are provided. Overall, this methodology provides a reliable, easy to administer and fast approach for assessing cognitive deficits in patients who are unable to speak or write such as patients with severe ALS. The only confounding factor might be deficits in voluntary eye movement control in a subset of ALS patients.

För syftet med forskningen som presenteras här, det vill säga utvecklingen av en tillförlitlig oculomotor baserad neuropsykologisk bedömning ALS-patienter, i egenutvecklad programvara lagrar motivets val av CPM i en separat fil, vilket möjliggör manuell beräkning av andelen korrekt svar. För D2-testet är ett register över de vertikala ögonrörelser manuellt analyseras med hjälp av ett tröskelvärde på + 5 ° för detektering av en relevant svar. Inspelnin...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Eye-Tracking Control to Assess Cognitive Functions in Patients with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis at JoVE.com

Eye-Tracking Control to Assess Cognitive Functions in Patients with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis

Cognitive deficits are common in about one third of patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, a neurological condition leading to progressive impairments in speech and movement abilities. To conduct cognitive tests in patients unable to speak or write a reliable and easy to administer eye-tracking paradigm was developed.

Eye-Tracking Control för att bedöma kognitiva funktioner hos patienter med amyotrofisk lateralskleros

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disorder with pathological involvement of upper and lower motoneurons, subsequently leading to ...

The overall goal of this eye-tracking paradigm is to use an oculomotor based technique to assess cognitive functions in patients with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis or ALS who are unable to speak and write. This method can help answer key questions in the field of potential cognitive deficits in patients with severe physical impairments, such as ALS. The main advantage of this technique is that it uses eye movement to conduct neuropsychological testing in ALS patients, and therefore is suited for patients who are unable to speak or write.Though this method was developed for patients with ALS it can also be applied to other patient samples unable to speak and write but within intact oculomotor control. For this experiment, use a portable eye movement recording device with goggles. Optimize eye movement detection by adjusting the cameras in all six degrees of freedom.Next, set up a standardized oculomotor testing paradigm such as a series of saccadic tasks in order to detect deficits in eye movement control. Use software to present these tasks on a hemicylindrical screen via a projector that is mounted above where the participant will sit. Finally, in preparation for the second part of the experiment, check that a red laser spot, which will be used for the eye-tracking based version of the D2 test, appears correctly on the screen.Begin by asking the participant to turn off all potentially disturbing devices, such as mobile phones or pagers. Bring a participant who does not have substantial visual impairments into the testing room. Seat them on an elevated chair in front of an adjustable chin rest that is 150 centimeters from the computer screen.Ask the participant to place their head on the chin rest. And then place the video-oculography goggles on their head. Adjust the goggles to properly fit the head shape and size.Ensure that both eyes are visible on the experimenter's screen, and focus the cameras within the goggles so that the images of each eye are centered on the screen. Next, check that the system is continuously recording eye movements at all times by instructing the participant to look in each corner of the hemicylindrical screen. Start the standardized oculomotor testing paradigm and have the participant complete a second calibration.Ask the participant to track a single spot on the screen oscillating horizontally and then vertically with a frequency of 0.125 hertz in order to map the non-calibrated orthogonalized raw data from the eye movement recording device with respect to the true orthoganlized eye position. Finally, check if the calibration is acceptable, meaning the true eye movement and the raw data are spatially and temporally synchronized. If so, instruct the participant to keep their head as still as possible.For the first part of the experiment the Raven's colored progressive matrices, or CPM test, displays a series of matrices 22 degrees long and 15 degrees high on the screen with a blank space cut out. Instruct the participant to identify the missing piece below each matrix. After making a choice, have the subject close their eyes for at least 250 milliseconds to start off a green frame outlining the six possible alternatives of missing pieces for 1500 milliseconds each.Ask the participant to designate the alternative they think is correct by closing their eyes for at least 250 milliseconds while their choice is within the green frame. Project the participant's choice separately on the hemicylindrical screen, in order to confirm, instruct them to close their eyes again for at least 250 milliseconds. Have the participant complete further training by selecting the missing piece in the next three matrices.Answer any questions the participant may have about the procedure. Then have the participant complete the full CPM task. For the second part of the experiment, the D2 test, ask the participant to direct their gaze to the center of the screen.Tell them to observe each of the 47 letters with a height of 11 degrees and a width of 2.5 degrees, one after the other in the middle of the screen in which each stimulus lasts for 2000 milliseconds. Whenever the letter d with two dashes is presented instruct the participant to look at the red laser spot positioned above the letter until the next stimulus appears. Finally, after the training is complete, have the participant complete the full D2 test, consisting of five blocks of 47 stimuli each.In a sample of patients with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, or ALS, there was a good congruency between the eye-tracking and standard version of the CPM test. Furthermore, there's significant group differences in the CPM test and the D2 test, indicating that this technique reliably distinguishes between more and less cognitively impaired ALS patients. Once mastered this technique can be completed in 25 minutes if it is performed properly.For ALS patients with insufficient oculomotor control other methods, such as the brain-computer interface can be utilized in order to assess their cognitive functioning. After watching this video, you should have good understanding of how to perform eye movement based neural psychological testing with ALS patients.

Research

JoVE Journal

Behavior

Assessment of Age-related Changes in Cognitive Functions Using EmoCogMeter, a Novel Tablet-computer Based Approach

Bedömning av åldersrelaterade förändringar i kognitiva funktioner Använda EmoCogMeter, en roman Tablet-dator Based Approach

The main goal of this study was to assess the usability of a tablet-computer-based application (EmoCogMeter) in investigating the effects of age on ...

A Method for Investigating Age-related Differences in the Functional Connectivity of Cognitive Control Networks Associated with Dimensional Change Card Sort Performance

En metod för utredning Åldersrelaterade Skillnader i Funktionell Connectivity av kognitiv kontroll Networks associerad med Dimensional Change Card Sort Performance

The ability to adjust behavior to sudden changes in the environment develops gradually in childhood and adolescence. For example, in the Dimensional ...

Uncovering Beat Deafness: Detecting Rhythm Disorders with Synchronized Finger Tapping and Perceptual Timing Tasks

Avslöjande Vispa Dövhet: Upptäcka rytmrubbningar med Synkroniserad Finger Tapping och Perceptuella Timing Uppgifter

A set of behavioral tasks for assessing perceptual and sensorimotor timing abilities in the general population (i.e., non-musicians) is presented here ...

Recording Mouse Ultrasonic Vocalizations to Evaluate Social Communication

Inspelning Mus ultraljud vocalizations att utvärdera social kommunikation

Mice emit ultrasonic vocalizations in different contexts throughout development and in adulthood. These vocal signals are now currently used as proxies ...

A Method to Quantify Visual Information Processing in Children Using Eye Tracking

En metod för att kvantifiera Visual Information Processing i barn som använder Eye Tracking

Visual problems that occur early in life can have major impact on a child's development. Without verbal communication and only based on observational ...

Eye Tracking During Visually Situated Language Comprehension: Flexibility and Limitations in Uncovering Visual Context Effects

Eye Tracking under visuellt ligger språkförståelse: Flexibilitet och begränsningar i avslöjande visuella sammanhang effekter

The present work is a description and an assessment of a methodology designed to quantify different aspects of the interaction between language processing ...

Comparing Eye-tracking Data of Children with High-functioning ASD, Comorbid ADHD, and of a Control Watching Social Videos

Jämförelse av Eye-tracking uppgifter av barn med högfungerande ASD, samtidiga ADHD, och en kontroll som titta på sociala videor

Children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are known to have sensory-perceptual processing deficits that weaken their abilities to attend and perceive ...

Simultaneous Eye Tracking and Single-Neuron Recordings in Human Epilepsy Patients

Samtidig öga spårande och enkel-neuron inspelningen i mänsklig epilepsi patienten

Intracranial recordings from patients with intractable epilepsy provide a unique opportunity to study the activity of individual human neurons during ...

Investigating the Deployment of Visual Attention Before Accurate and Averaging Saccades via Eye Tracking and Assessment of Visual Sensitivity

Utreda utplaceringen av visuell uppmärksamhet innan korrekt och genomsnitt Saccades via Eye Tracking och bedömning av visuella känslighet

This experimental protocol was designed to investigate whether visual attention is obligatorily deployed at the endpoint of saccades. To this end, we ...

Defining the Role Of Language in Infants' Object Categorization with Eye-tracking Paradigms

Definiera språkens roll i spädbarns objekt kategorisering med Eye-tracking paradigm

Assessing infant category learning is a challenging but vital aspect of studying infant cognition. By employing a familiarization-test paradigm, we ...