Name: lateral chronic cranial window preparation enables in vivo observation following distal middle cerebral artery occlusion in mice
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Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Lateral Chronic Cranial Window Preparation Enables In Vivo Observation Following Distal Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion in Mice at JoVE.com

VP is a participant in the Charit&#233; Clinical Scientist Program, funded by the Charit&#233; - Universit&#228;tsmedizin Berlin and the Berlin Institute of Health. TB is an SNSF PostDoc Mobility fellow. The authors receive grant support from EinsteinStiftung/A-2012-153 to PV.

ETICA DICHIARAZIONE: Gli esperimenti che coinvolgono soggetti animali sono stati eseguiti in conformità con le linee guida e regolamenti stabiliti dalla Landesamt fuer Gesundheit und Soziales, Berlino, Germania (G0298 / 13) ei criteri arrivano, a seconda dei casi. Per questo studio, 10 a 12 settimane di età maschi C57Bl / 6J sono stati utilizzati. 1. laterale cronica cranica finestra Preparazione <ol><li> Eseguire anestesia con una iniezione sottocutanea di ketamina (90 mg / kg) e xilazi...

<ol>
	<li>Mukherjee, D., Patil, C. G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Epidemiology+and+the+global+burden+of+stroke.">Epidemiology and the global burden of stroke.</a> World Neurosurg. 76 (6), 85-90 (2011).</li><li>Ebinger, M., Pr&#252;ss, H., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Effect+of+the+use+of+ambulance-based+thrombolysis+on+time+to+thrombolysis+in+acute+ischemic+stroke:+a+randomized+clinical+trial.">Effect of the use of ambulance-based thrombolysis on time to thrombolysis in acute ischemic stroke: a randomized clinical trial.</a> JAMA. 311 (16), 1622-1631 (2014).</li><li>Ebinger, M., Lindenlaub, S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Prehospital+thrombolysis:+a+manual+from+Berlin.">Prehospital thrombolysis: a manual from Berlin.</a> J vis Exp. (81), e50534 (2013).</li><li>Bogousslavsky, J., Van Melle, G., Regli, F. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+Lausanne+Stroke+Registry:+analysis+of+1,000+consecutive+patients+with+first+stroke.">The Lausanne Stroke Registry: analysis of 1,000 consecutive patients with first stroke.</a> Stroke. 19 (9), 1083-1092 (1988).</li><li>Engel, O., Kolodziej, S., Dirnagl, U., Prinz, V. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Modeling+stroke+in+mice+-+middle+cerebral+artery+occlusion+with+the+filament+model.">Modeling stroke in mice - middle cerebral artery occlusion with the filament model.</a> J Vis Exp. (47), (2011).</li><li>Donnan, G. A., Fisher, M., Macleod, M., Davis, S. 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A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Pathobiology+of+ischaemic+stroke:+an+integrated+view.">Pathobiology of ischaemic stroke: an integrated view.</a> Trends Neurosci. 22 (9), 391-397 (1999).</li><li>Dirnagl, U., Endres, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Found+in+Translation:+Preclinical+Stroke+Research+Predicts+Human+Pathophysiology,+Clinical+Phenotypes,+and+Therapeutic+Outcomes.">Found in Translation: Preclinical Stroke Research Predicts Human Pathophysiology, Clinical Phenotypes, and Therapeutic Outcomes.</a> Stroke. , (2014).</li><li>Prinz, V., Hetzer, A. -. M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=MRI+heralds+secondary+nigral+lesion+after+brain+ischemia+in+mice:+a+secondary+time+window+for+neuroprotection.">MRI heralds secondary nigral lesion after brain ischemia in mice: a secondary time window for neuroprotection.</a> J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. , (2015).</li><li>Shih, A. Y., Mateo, C., Drew, P. J., Tsai, P. S., Kleinfeld, D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+polished+and+reinforced+thinned-skull+window+for+long-term+imaging+of+the+mouse+brain.">A polished and reinforced thinned-skull window for long-term imaging of the mouse brain.</a> J Vis Exp. (61), (2012).</li><li>Holtmaat, A., Bonhoeffer, T., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Long-term,+high-resolution+imaging+in+the+mouse+neocortex+through+a+chronic+cranial+window.">Long-term, high-resolution imaging in the mouse neocortex through a chronic cranial window.</a> Nat Protoc. 4 (8), 1128-1144 (2009).</li><li>Iadecola, C., Dirnagl, U. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+microcircualtion--fantastic+voyage:+introduction.">The microcircualtion--fantastic voyage: introduction.</a> Stroke. 44 (6), 83 (2013).</li><li>Blinder, P., Tsai, P. S., Kaufhold, J. P., Knutsen, P. M., Suhl, H., Kleinfeld, D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+cortical+angiome:+an+interconnected+vascular+network+with+noncolumnar+patterns+of+blood+flow.">The cortical angiome: an interconnected vascular network with noncolumnar patterns of blood flow.</a> Nat Neurosc. 16 (7), 889-897 (2013).</li><li>Shih, A. Y., Driscoll, J. D., Drew, P. J., Nishimura, N., Schaffer, C. B., Kleinfeld, D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Two-photon+microscopy+as+a+tool+to+study+blood+flow+and+neurovascular+coupling+in+the+rodent+brain.">Two-photon microscopy as a tool to study blood flow and neurovascular coupling in the rodent brain.</a> J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 32 (7), 1277-1309 (2012).</li><li>Cabrales, P., Carvalho, L. J. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Intravital+microscopy+of+the+mouse+brain+microcirculation+using+a+closed+cranial+window.">Intravital microscopy of the mouse brain microcirculation using a closed cranial window.</a> J Vis Exp. (45), (2010).</li><li>Rosell, A., Agin, V., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Distal+occlusion+of+the+middle+cerebral+artery+in+mice:+are+we+ready+to+assess+long-term+functional+outcome.">Distal occlusion of the middle cerebral artery in mice: are we ready to assess long-term functional outcome.</a> Transl Stroke Res. 4 (3), 297-307 (2013).</li><li>Dorand, R. D., Barkauskas, D. S., Evans, T. A., Petrosiute, A., Huang, A. Y. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Comparison+of+intravital+thinned+skull+and+cranial+window+approaches+to+study+CNS+immunobiology+in+the+mouse+cortex.">Comparison of intravital thinned skull and cranial window approaches to study CNS immunobiology in the mouse cortex.</a> Intravital. 3 (2), (2014).</li><li>Balkaya, M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Assessing+post-stroke+behavior+in+mouse+models+of+focal+ischemia.">Assessing post-stroke behavior in mouse models of focal ischemia.</a> J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 33 (3), 330-338 (2013).</li><li>Balkaya, M., Kr&#246;ber, J., Gertz, K., Peruzzaro, S., Endres, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Characterization+of+long-term+functional+outcome+in+a+murine+model+of+mild+brain+ischemia.">Characterization of long-term functional outcome in a murine model of mild brain ischemia.</a> J Neurosci Methods. 213 (2), 179-187 (2013).</li><li>Freret, T., Bouet, V., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Behavioral+deficits+after+distal+focal+cerebral+ischemia+in+mice:+Usefulness+of+adhesive+removal+test.">Behavioral deficits after distal focal cerebral ischemia in mice: Usefulness of adhesive removal test.</a> Beh Neurosci. 123 (1), 224-230 (2009).</li><li>Liu, S., Zhen, G., Meloni, B. P., Campbell, K., Winn, H. R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=RODENT+STROKE+MODEL+GUIDELINES+FOR+PRECLINICAL+STROKE+TRIALS+(1ST+EDITION).">RODENT STROKE MODEL GUIDELINES FOR PRECLINICAL STROKE TRIALS (1ST EDITION).</a> J Exp Stroke Trans Med. 2 (2), 2-27 (2009).</li><li>Florian, B., Vintilescu, R., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Long-term+hypothermia+reduces+infarct+volume+in+aged+rats+after+focal+ischemia.">Long-term hypothermia reduces infarct volume in aged rats after focal ischemia.</a> Neurosci Lett. 438 (2), 180-185 (2008).</li><li>Noor, R., Wang, C. X., Shuaib, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Effects+of+hyperthermia+on+infarct+volume+in+focal+embolic+model+of+cerebral+ischemia+in+rats.">Effects of hyperthermia on infarct volume in focal embolic model of cerebral ischemia in rats.</a> Neurosci Lett. 349 (2), 130-132 (2003).</li><li>Barber, P. A., Hoyte, L., Colbourne, F., Buchan, A. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Temperature-regulated+model+of+focal+ischemia+in+the+mouse:+a+study+with+histopathological+and+behavioral+outcomes.">Temperature-regulated model of focal ischemia in the mouse: a study with histopathological and behavioral outcomes.</a> Stroke. 35 (7), 1720-1725 (2004).</li><li>Shin, H. 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L&#39;ictus è tra le principali cause di disabilità a lungo termine e morte nel mondo 1. Al di là di trattamento acuto, indagare nuovi approcci e meccanismi per accelerare e migliorare il recupero dopo l&#39;ictus rimane un obiettivo medica primaria 7. ricercatori ictus sperimentali utilizzano spesso modelli di roditori di ischemia cerebrale focale. Infatti, modelli inducono transitoria o permanente MCAO imitano uno dei tipi più comuni di ischemia cerebrale focale in pazienti 4. Oltr...

Stroke is among the principal causes of long-term disability and death worldwide1, coming second after coronary heart disease. In addition, stroke is the primary cause of long-term disability, underscoring its tremendous socioeconomic impact6-8. Beyond acute treatment, investigating new approaches and mechanisms to accelerate and enhance recovery after stroke remains a prime medical goal7. 
In the last few decades, data from experimental stroke research has contributed substantially to understanding the complex pathophysiological cascades triggered by ischemia9,10. Excitotoxicity, apoptosis, peri-infarct depolarization, and inflammation have been identified as the most relevant mediators of cell death following focal cerebral ischemia. Moreover, using animal models of cerebral ischemia, important concepts, diagnostic modalities, and therapeutic approaches have been developed and validated (e.g., "penumbra" and thrombolysis)11.
The availability of experimental stroke models, combined with non-invasive imaging modalities (e.g., magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), computed tomography, or laser speckle contrast analysis), enables the researcher to investigate hyperacute and chronic pathophysiological changes induced by the ischemic insult in a longitudinal manner12. Along with studying the spatiotemporal profile of the evolving lesion, changes resembling neuronal plasticity can be investigated and correlated to functional outcomes and histological findings. Within the last few years, further methodological advances have been made using the combination of cerebral ischemia models and in vivo microscopy via cranial windows13. These new techniques allow investigators to analyze the neurovascular unit at the cellular and molecular level, with great analytic power in the acute, subacute, and chronic phases following focal cerebral ischemia14. Moreover, in vivo microscopy imaging of microcirculatory dynamics has revealed novel aspects of cerebral microvasculature function and angioarchitecture, with significant pathophysiological relevance15-17. 
In this protocol, we present how to perform a chronic CW preparation lateral to the sagittal sinus and how to surgically induce a distal stroke underneath the window. This mouse model can be applied to sequential imaging of acute, subacute, and chronic changes following focal cerebral ischemia via epi-illuminating, confocal laser scanning, and two-photon intravital microscopy.

<table border="1" fo:keep-together.within-page="1" fo:keep-with-next.within-page="always">
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>Binocular surgical microscope</td>
			<td>Zeiss</td>
			<td>Stemi 2000 C</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Light source for microscope</td>
			<td>Zeiss</td>
			<td>CL 6000 LED</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Heating pad with rectal probe</td>
			<td>FST</td>
			<td>21061-10</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Stereotactic frame</td>
			<td>Kopf</td>
			<td>Model 930</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Anaethesia system for isoflurane</td>
			<td>Draeger</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Isoflurane</td>
			<td>Abott</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Dumont forceps #5</td>
			<td>FST</td>
			<td>11251-10</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Dumont forceps #7</td>
			<td>FST</td>
			<td>11271-30</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Bipolar Forceps</td>
			<td>Erbe</td>
			<td>20195-501</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Bipolar Forceps&#160;</td>
			<td colspan="2">Erbe&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; 20195-022</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Microdrill</td>
			<td colspan="2">FST&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; 18000-17&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Needle holder</td>
			<td>FST</td>
			<td>12010-14</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>5-0 silk suture</td>
			<td>Feuerstein, Suprama</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>7-0 silk suture</td>
			<td>Feuerstein,Suprama</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>8-0 silk suture</td>
			<td>Feuerstein, Suprama</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Veterinary Recovery Chamber</td>
			<td>Peco Services</td>
			<td>V1200</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

lateral chronic cranial window preparation enables in vivo observation following distal middle cerebral artery occlusion in mice

Ischemia cerebrale focale (cioè, ictus ischemico) può causare gravi lesioni cerebrali, portando ad una grave perdita della funzione neuronale e di conseguenza ad una serie di motore e disabilità cognitive. La sua alta prevalenza pone un grave onere di salute, come l&#39;ictus è tra le principali cause di disabilità a lungo termine e morte nel mondo 1. Recupero della funzione neuronale è, nella maggior parte dei casi, solo parziale. Finora, le opzioni di trattamento sono molto limitate, in particolare a causa della finestra temporale ristretta per la trombolisi 2,3. Che determina i metodi per accelerare il recupero da ictus rimane un obiettivo medico prime; tuttavia, questo è stato ostacolato dalla insufficienti intuizioni meccanicistici nel processo di recupero. ricercatori ictus sperimentali utilizzano spesso modelli di roditori di ischemia cerebrale focale. Al di là della fase acuta, la ricerca corsa è sempre più focalizzata sulla fase sub-acuta e cronica dopo ischemia cerebrale. applicare la maggior parte dei ricercatori ictus permanente o tranl&#39;occlusione sient del MCA nei topi o ratti. Nei pazienti, occlusioni di MCA sono tra le più frequenti cause di ictus ischemico 4. Oltre l&#39;occlusione prossimale del MCA utilizzando il modello filamento, l&#39;occlusione chirurgica del distale MCA è probabilmente il modello più utilizzato nella ricerca ictus sperimentale 5. L&#39;occlusione di un distale (la ramificazione delle arterie lenticulo-striate) ramo MCA risparmia tipicamente striato e colpisce soprattutto la neocorteccia. Vessel l&#39;occlusione può essere permanente o transitorio. Alta ripetibilità volume lesione e mortalità molto bassi rispetto al risultato a lungo termine sono i principali vantaggi di questo modello. Qui, dimostriamo come eseguire una cronica finestra del cranio (CW) la preparazione lateralmente al seno sagittale, e poi come chirurgicamente indurre un ictus distale sotto la finestra utilizzando un approccio craniotomia. Questo approccio può essere applicato per l&#39;imaging sequenziale di alterazioni acute e croniche seguente ischemia viaepi-illuminante, confocale a scansione laser, e due fotoni microscopia intravitale.

La linea temporale e risultati rappresentativi sono mostrati nelle figure 2 e 3. La preparazione finestra del cranio, con una piccola finestra laterale cranica al seno longitudinale superiore (Figura 2 B, C, D) comporta un basso tasso di mortalità e morbilità quando eseguita da un chirurgo esperto. Tutti i 10 animali sopravvissuti, e tutto CW cronico potrebbe essere utilizzato per l&#39;imaging di alta qualità, anche 28 giorni dopo l&...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Lateral Chronic Cranial Window Preparation Enables In Vivo Observation Following Distal Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion in Mice at JoVE.com

Lateral Chronic Cranial Window Preparation Enables In Vivo Observation Following Distal Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion in Mice

l&#39;occlusione chirurgica di un ramo distale dell&#39;arteria cerebrale media (MCAO) è un modello di uso frequente nella ricerca ictus sperimentale. Questo manoscritto descrive la tecnica base di MCAO permanente, combinata con l&#39;inserimento di una finestra cranica laterale, che offre la possibilità di longitudinale microscopia intravitale nei topi.

Laterale cronica cranica finestra Preparazione Attiva<em&gt; In Vivo</em&gt; Condizioni seguito distale Medio occlusione dell&#39;arteria cerebrale nei topi

Focal cerebral ischemia (i.e., ischemic stroke) may cause major brain injury, leading to a severe loss of neuronal function and consequently to a host of ...

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Lateral Chronic Cranial Window Preparation Enables In Vivo Observation Following Distal Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion in Mice

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Stroke is the leading cause of disability and the third leading cause of death in adults worldwide1. In human stroke, there exists a highly variable ...

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Piezo alta precisione d'ossa e la rimozione chirurgica (PHASOR): Una tecnica di chirurgia finestra cranica migliorata in topi

Multiphoton microscopy has been widely adapted for imaging neurons in vivo. Repeated imaging requires implantation of a cranial window or repeated ...

Modeling Stroke in Mice: Transient Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion via the External Carotid Artery

Modellazione dell'ictus nei topi: occlusione transitoria dell'arteria cerebrale media attraverso l'arteria carotide esterna

Stroke is the third most common cause of mortality and the leading cause of acquired adult disability in developed countries. To date, therapeutic options ...

Implantation of a Cranial Window for Repeated In Vivo Imaging in Awake Mice

Implantation of a Cranial Window for Repeated In Vivo Imaging in Awake Mice

Impianto di una finestra cranica per l'imaging ripetuto in vivo in topi svegli

To fully understand the cellular physiology of neurons and glia in behaving animals, it is necessary to visualize their morphology and record their ...

Construction and Implementation of Carbon Fiber Microelectrode Arrays for Chronic and Acute In Vivo Recordings

Construction and Implementation of Carbon Fiber Microelectrode Arrays for Chronic and Acute In Vivo Recordings

Costruzione e implementazione di array di microelettrodi in fibra di carbonio per registrazioni in vivo croniche e acute

Multichannel electrode arrays offer insight into the working brain and serve to elucidate neural processes at the single-cell and circuit levels. ...

A Model for Encephalomyosynangiosis Treatment after Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion-Induced Stroke in Mice

Un modello per il trattamento dell'encefalomiosinangiosi dopo ictus indotto da occlusione dell'arteria cerebrale media nei topi

There is no effective treatment available for most patients suffering with ischemic stroke, making development of novel therapeutics imperative. The ...

In Vivo Wide-Field and Two-Photon Calcium Imaging from a Mouse Using a Large Cranial Window

In Vivo Wide-Field and Two-Photon Calcium Imaging from a Mouse Using a Large Cranial Window

In vivo Imaging del calcio a campo largo e a due fotoni da un topo utilizzando una grande finestra cranica

Wide-field calcium imaging from the mouse&#39;s neocortex allows one to observe cortex-wide neural activity related to various brain functions. On the ...

Assessment of Thermal Damage from Robot-Drilled Craniotomy for Cranial Window Surgery in Mice

Valutazione del danno termico da craniotomia robotizzata per la chirurgia della finestra cranica nei topi

Cranial window surgery allows for the imaging of brain tissue in live mice with the use of multiphoton or other intravital imaging techniques. However, ...

Establishing a Transcranial Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion Mice Model

A Modified Transcranial Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion Model to Study Stroke Outcomes in Aged Mice

Innovative Techniques and Future Directions in Stroke Research (Video) | JoVE

Un modello modificato di occlusione dell'arteria cerebrale media transcranica per studiare gli esiti dell'ictus nei topi anziani

In experimental stroke research, middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) with an intraluminal filament is widely used to model ischemic stroke in mice. ...