Name: lateral chronic cranial window preparation enables in vivo observation following distal middle cerebral artery occlusion in mice
Uploaded: 2016-12-29T13:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Lateral Chronic Cranial Window Preparation Enables In Vivo Observation Following Distal Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion in Mice at JoVE.com

VP is a participant in the Charit&#233; Clinical Scientist Program, funded by the Charit&#233; - Universit&#228;tsmedizin Berlin and the Berlin Institute of Health. TB is an SNSF PostDoc Mobility fellow. The authors receive grant support from EinsteinStiftung/A-2012-153 to PV.

ЭТИКА ЗАЯВЛЕНИЕ: Эксперименты по предметам животных были проведены в соответствии с руководящими принципами и правилами, установленными Landesamt FUER Gesundheit унд Soziales, Берлин, Германия (G0298 / 13) и ARRIVE критериев, в зависимости от обстоятельств. Для этого исследования, от 10 до 12-недельных самцов м?...

<ol>
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G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Epidemiology+and+the+global+burden+of+stroke.">Epidemiology and the global burden of stroke.</a> World Neurosurg. 76 (6), 85-90 (2011).</li><li>Ebinger, M., Pr&#252;ss, H., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Effect+of+the+use+of+ambulance-based+thrombolysis+on+time+to+thrombolysis+in+acute+ischemic+stroke:+a+randomized+clinical+trial.">Effect of the use of ambulance-based thrombolysis on time to thrombolysis in acute ischemic stroke: a randomized clinical trial.</a> JAMA. 311 (16), 1622-1631 (2014).</li><li>Ebinger, M., Lindenlaub, S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Prehospital+thrombolysis:+a+manual+from+Berlin.">Prehospital thrombolysis: a manual from Berlin.</a> J vis Exp. 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A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Pathobiology+of+ischaemic+stroke:+an+integrated+view.">Pathobiology of ischaemic stroke: an integrated view.</a> Trends Neurosci. 22 (9), 391-397 (1999).</li><li>Dirnagl, U., Endres, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Found+in+Translation:+Preclinical+Stroke+Research+Predicts+Human+Pathophysiology,+Clinical+Phenotypes,+and+Therapeutic+Outcomes.">Found in Translation: Preclinical Stroke Research Predicts Human Pathophysiology, Clinical Phenotypes, and Therapeutic Outcomes.</a> Stroke. , (2014).</li><li>Prinz, V., Hetzer, A. -. 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(61), (2012).</li><li>Holtmaat, A., Bonhoeffer, T., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Long-term,+high-resolution+imaging+in+the+mouse+neocortex+through+a+chronic+cranial+window.">Long-term, high-resolution imaging in the mouse neocortex through a chronic cranial window.</a> Nat Protoc. 4 (8), 1128-1144 (2009).</li><li>Iadecola, C., Dirnagl, U. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+microcircualtion--fantastic+voyage:+introduction.">The microcircualtion--fantastic voyage: introduction.</a> Stroke. 44 (6), 83 (2013).</li><li>Blinder, P., Tsai, P. S., Kaufhold, J. P., Knutsen, P. M., Suhl, H., Kleinfeld, D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+cortical+angiome:+an+interconnected+vascular+network+with+noncolumnar+patterns+of+blood+flow.">The cortical angiome: an interconnected vascular network with noncolumnar patterns of blood flow.</a> Nat Neurosc. 16 (7), 889-897 (2013).</li><li>Shih, A. Y., Driscoll, J. D., Drew, P. J., Nishimura, N., Schaffer, C. B., Kleinfeld, D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Two-photon+microscopy+as+a+tool+to+study+blood+flow+and+neurovascular+coupling+in+the+rodent+brain.">Two-photon microscopy as a tool to study blood flow and neurovascular coupling in the rodent brain.</a> J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 32 (7), 1277-1309 (2012).</li><li>Cabrales, P., Carvalho, L. J. 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Y. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Comparison+of+intravital+thinned+skull+and+cranial+window+approaches+to+study+CNS+immunobiology+in+the+mouse+cortex.">Comparison of intravital thinned skull and cranial window approaches to study CNS immunobiology in the mouse cortex.</a> Intravital. 3 (2), (2014).</li><li>Balkaya, M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Assessing+post-stroke+behavior+in+mouse+models+of+focal+ischemia.">Assessing post-stroke behavior in mouse models of focal ischemia.</a> J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 33 (3), 330-338 (2013).</li><li>Balkaya, M., Kr&#246;ber, J., Gertz, K., Peruzzaro, S., Endres, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Characterization+of+long-term+functional+outcome+in+a+murine+model+of+mild+brain+ischemia.">Characterization of long-term functional outcome in a murine model of mild brain ischemia.</a> J Neurosci Methods. 213 (2), 179-187 (2013).</li><li>Freret, T., Bouet, V., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Behavioral+deficits+after+distal+focal+cerebral+ischemia+in+mice:+Usefulness+of+adhesive+removal+test.">Behavioral deficits after distal focal cerebral ischemia in mice: Usefulness of adhesive removal test.</a> Beh Neurosci. 123 (1), 224-230 (2009).</li><li>Liu, S., Zhen, G., Meloni, B. P., Campbell, K., Winn, H. R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=RODENT+STROKE+MODEL+GUIDELINES+FOR+PRECLINICAL+STROKE+TRIALS+(1ST+EDITION).">RODENT STROKE MODEL GUIDELINES FOR PRECLINICAL STROKE TRIALS (1ST EDITION).</a> J Exp Stroke Trans Med. 2 (2), 2-27 (2009).</li><li>Florian, B., Vintilescu, R., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Long-term+hypothermia+reduces+infarct+volume+in+aged+rats+after+focal+ischemia.">Long-term hypothermia reduces infarct volume in aged rats after focal ischemia.</a> Neurosci Lett. 438 (2), 180-185 (2008).</li><li>Noor, R., Wang, C. X., Shuaib, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Effects+of+hyperthermia+on+infarct+volume+in+focal+embolic+model+of+cerebral+ischemia+in+rats.">Effects of hyperthermia on infarct volume in focal embolic model of cerebral ischemia in rats.</a> Neurosci Lett. 349 (2), 130-132 (2003).</li><li>Barber, P. A., Hoyte, L., Colbourne, F., Buchan, A. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Temperature-regulated+model+of+focal+ischemia+in+the+mouse:+a+study+with+histopathological+and+behavioral+outcomes.">Temperature-regulated model of focal ischemia in the mouse: a study with histopathological and behavioral outcomes.</a> Stroke. 35 (7), 1720-1725 (2004).</li><li>Shin, H. K., Nishimura, M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Mild+induced+hypertension+improves+blood+flow+and+oxygen+metabolism+in+transient+focal+cerebral+ischemia.">Mild induced hypertension improves blood flow and oxygen metabolism in transient focal cerebral ischemia.</a> Stroke. 39 (5), 1548-1555 (2008).</li><li>Kapinya, K. 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Инсульт является одной из основных причин длительной нетрудоспособности и смерти во всем мире 1. Помимо острого лечения, исследования новых подходов и механизмов для ускорения и повышения восстановления после инсульта остается главным медицинская цель 7. Экспериментальны...

Stroke is among the principal causes of long-term disability and death worldwide1, coming second after coronary heart disease. In addition, stroke is the primary cause of long-term disability, underscoring its tremendous socioeconomic impact6-8. Beyond acute treatment, investigating new approaches and mechanisms to accelerate and enhance recovery after stroke remains a prime medical goal7. 
In the last few decades, data from experimental stroke research has contributed substantially to understanding the complex pathophysiological cascades triggered by ischemia9,10. Excitotoxicity, apoptosis, peri-infarct depolarization, and inflammation have been identified as the most relevant mediators of cell death following focal cerebral ischemia. Moreover, using animal models of cerebral ischemia, important concepts, diagnostic modalities, and therapeutic approaches have been developed and validated (e.g., "penumbra" and thrombolysis)11.
The availability of experimental stroke models, combined with non-invasive imaging modalities (e.g., magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), computed tomography, or laser speckle contrast analysis), enables the researcher to investigate hyperacute and chronic pathophysiological changes induced by the ischemic insult in a longitudinal manner12. Along with studying the spatiotemporal profile of the evolving lesion, changes resembling neuronal plasticity can be investigated and correlated to functional outcomes and histological findings. Within the last few years, further methodological advances have been made using the combination of cerebral ischemia models and in vivo microscopy via cranial windows13. These new techniques allow investigators to analyze the neurovascular unit at the cellular and molecular level, with great analytic power in the acute, subacute, and chronic phases following focal cerebral ischemia14. Moreover, in vivo microscopy imaging of microcirculatory dynamics has revealed novel aspects of cerebral microvasculature function and angioarchitecture, with significant pathophysiological relevance15-17. 
In this protocol, we present how to perform a chronic CW preparation lateral to the sagittal sinus and how to surgically induce a distal stroke underneath the window. This mouse model can be applied to sequential imaging of acute, subacute, and chronic changes following focal cerebral ischemia via epi-illuminating, confocal laser scanning, and two-photon intravital microscopy.

<table border="1" fo:keep-together.within-page="1" fo:keep-with-next.within-page="always">
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>Binocular surgical microscope</td>
			<td>Zeiss</td>
			<td>Stemi 2000 C</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Light source for microscope</td>
			<td>Zeiss</td>
			<td>CL 6000 LED</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Heating pad with rectal probe</td>
			<td>FST</td>
			<td>21061-10</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Stereotactic frame</td>
			<td>Kopf</td>
			<td>Model 930</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Anaethesia system for isoflurane</td>
			<td>Draeger</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Isoflurane</td>
			<td>Abott</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Dumont forceps #5</td>
			<td>FST</td>
			<td>11251-10</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Dumont forceps #7</td>
			<td>FST</td>
			<td>11271-30</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Bipolar Forceps</td>
			<td>Erbe</td>
			<td>20195-501</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Bipolar Forceps&#160;</td>
			<td colspan="2">Erbe&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; 20195-022</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Microdrill</td>
			<td colspan="2">FST&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; 18000-17&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Needle holder</td>
			<td>FST</td>
			<td>12010-14</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>5-0 silk suture</td>
			<td>Feuerstein, Suprama</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>7-0 silk suture</td>
			<td>Feuerstein,Suprama</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>8-0 silk suture</td>
			<td>Feuerstein, Suprama</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Veterinary Recovery Chamber</td>
			<td>Peco Services</td>
			<td>V1200</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

lateral chronic cranial window preparation enables in vivo observation following distal middle cerebral artery occlusion in mice

Очаговая мозговая ишемия (то есть, ишемический инсульт) , может привести к значительному травмы головного мозга, что приводит к серьезной потере функции нейронов и , следовательно , к хосту двигательных и когнитивных нарушений. Его высокая распространенность представляет серьезную опасность для здоровья, поскольку инсульт является одной из основных причин длительной нетрудоспособности и смерти во всем мире 1. Восстановление функции нейронов, в большинстве случаев, лишь частично. До сих пор, варианты лечения весьма ограничены, в частности , из - за узкого временного окна для тромболизиса 2,3. Определение методов для ускорения восстановления после инсульта остается главным медицинской целью; Тем не менее, это было затруднено из-за недостаточного механистической проникновением в процесс восстановления. Экспериментальные исследователи инсульта часто используют грызуна модели фокальной ишемии головного мозга. Помимо острой фазы, исследования инсульта все больше ориентируется на подострой и хронической фазы при ишемии головного мозга. Большинство исследователей инсульта применяют постоянный или транокклюзия масштабного коэффициента ЗВК у мышей или крыс. У пациентов, окклюзий MCA являются одними из наиболее частых причин ишемического инсульта 4. Кроме проксимального окклюзии MCA с использованием модели нити, хирургическая окклюзия дистальной MCA, вероятно, наиболее часто используемая модель в исследовании экспериментальной инсульта 5. Окклюзия дистальной (к ветвлением lenticulo-стриарных артерий) MCA ветви, как правило, запасные части стриатуме и в первую очередь влияет на неокортекс. Судно прикуса может быть постоянным или временным. Высокая воспроизводимость объема поражения и очень низким уровнем смертности по отношению к долгосрочному результату являются основными преимуществами этой модели. Здесь мы покажем, как выполнить хронический черепных окно (CW) подготовка латерального сагиттальной пазухи, а потом, как хирургическим путем вызвать дистальную инсульта под окном, используя краниотомии подход. Этот подход может быть применен для последовательной визуализации острых и хронических изменений, возникающих после ишемии черезэпи-освещения, конфокальной лазерной сканирующей и двухфотонную прижизненной микроскопии.

Сроки и репрезентативные результаты показаны на рисунках 2 и 3. Черепных препарат окно, с небольшим черепной окна сбоку от верхнего сагиттального синуса приводит к очень низкой смертности и заболеваемости скорости , когда выполняется опытным хирург?...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Lateral Chronic Cranial Window Preparation Enables In Vivo Observation Following Distal Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion in Mice at JoVE.com

Lateral Chronic Cranial Window Preparation Enables In Vivo Observation Following Distal Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion in Mice

Хирургическая окклюзия дистальной ветви средней мозговой артерии (МСАО), часто используется модель в экспериментальных исследованиях инсульта. Эта рукопись описывает основную технику постоянного MCAO, в сочетании с введением боковой черепной окно, которое дает возможность для продольной прижизненной микроскопии у мышей.

Боковой Хронический Черепно Окно Подготовка Включает<em&gt; В Vivo</em&gt; Наблюдение После Дистальный средней мозговой артерии у мышей Occlusion

Focal cerebral ischemia (i.e., ischemic stroke) may cause major brain injury, leading to a severe loss of neuronal function and consequently to a host of ...

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Neuroscience

Lateral Chronic Cranial Window Preparation Enables In Vivo Observation Following Distal Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion in Mice

Focal Cerebral Ischemia Model by Endovascular Suture Occlusion of the Middle Cerebral Artery in the Rat

Фокусное церебральный Модель ишемии по эндоваскулярной окклюзии шов средней мозговой артерии в Крыса

Stroke is the leading cause of disability and the third leading cause of death in adults worldwide1. In human stroke, there exists a highly variable ...

Dual Electrophysiological Recordings of Synaptically-evoked Astroglial and Neuronal Responses in Acute Hippocampal Slices

Двойной Электрофизиологические Записи синаптически-вызванных астроглиального и нейрональных ответов, при остром срезов гиппокампа

Astrocytes form together with neurons tripartite synapses, where they integrate and modulate neuronal activity. Indeed, astrocytes sense neuronal inputs ...

Piezo High Accuracy Surgical Osteal Removal (PHASOR): A Technique for Improved Cranial Window Surgery in Mice

Piezo High Accuracy Surgical Osteal Removal PHASOR: A Technique for Improved Cranial Window Surgery in Mice

Piezo высокой точности хирургических мясокостной удаления (ИЗМЕРЕННЫЕ): Техника для улучшенное окно черепной хирургии в мышей

Multiphoton microscopy has been widely adapted for imaging neurons in vivo. Repeated imaging requires implantation of a cranial window or repeated ...

Modeling Stroke in Mice: Transient Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion via the External Carotid Artery

Моделирование инсульта у мышей: транзиторная окклюзия средней мозговой артерии через наружную сонную артерию

Stroke is the third most common cause of mortality and the leading cause of acquired adult disability in developed countries. To date, therapeutic options ...

Implantation of a Cranial Window for Repeated In Vivo Imaging in Awake Mice

Implantation of a Cranial Window for Repeated In Vivo Imaging in Awake Mice

Имплантация краниального окна для повторной визуализации In Vivo у бодрствующих мышей

To fully understand the cellular physiology of neurons and glia in behaving animals, it is necessary to visualize their morphology and record their ...

Construction and Implementation of Carbon Fiber Microelectrode Arrays for Chronic and Acute In Vivo Recordings

Construction and Implementation of Carbon Fiber Microelectrode Arrays for Chronic and Acute In Vivo Recordings

Построение и внедрение микроэлектродных массивов из углеродного волокна для хронических и острых записей in vivo

Multichannel electrode arrays offer insight into the working brain and serve to elucidate neural processes at the single-cell and circuit levels. ...

A Model for Encephalomyosynangiosis Treatment after Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion-Induced Stroke in Mice

Модель лечения энцефаломиосинангиоза после инсульта, вызванного окклюзией средней мозговой артерии, у мышей

There is no effective treatment available for most patients suffering with ischemic stroke, making development of novel therapeutics imperative. The ...

In Vivo Wide-Field and Two-Photon Calcium Imaging from a Mouse Using a Large Cranial Window

In Vivo Wide-Field and Two-Photon Calcium Imaging from a Mouse Using a Large Cranial Window

В городе Виво Широкоугольная и двухфотонная визуализация кальция с помощью мыши с помощью большого краниального окна

Wide-field calcium imaging from the mouse&#39;s neocortex allows one to observe cortex-wide neural activity related to various brain functions. On the ...

Assessment of Thermal Damage from Robot-Drilled Craniotomy for Cranial Window Surgery in Mice

Оценка термических повреждений от роботизированной краниотомии для хирургии черепного окна у мышей

Cranial window surgery allows for the imaging of brain tissue in live mice with the use of multiphoton or other intravital imaging techniques. However, ...

Establishing a Transcranial Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion Mice Model

A Modified Transcranial Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion Model to Study Stroke Outcomes in Aged Mice

Innovative Techniques and Future Directions in Stroke Research (Video) | JoVE

Модифицированная транскраниальная модель окклюзии средней мозговой артерии для изучения исходов инсульта у пожилых мышей

In experimental stroke research, middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) with an intraluminal filament is widely used to model ischemic stroke in mice. ...