Name: ice generation and the heat and mass transfer phenomena of introducing water to a cold bath of brine
Uploaded: 2017-03-13T12:30:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Ice Generation and the Heat and Mass Transfer Phenomena of Introducing Water to a Cold Bath of Brine at JoVE.com

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注意：有两个有毒化学品，甲醇和乙二醇，在这些实验中使用。甲醇可以在人体内被代谢以产生甲醛，然后向甲酸或甲酸盐。这些物质是有毒的中枢神经系统，甚至可能导致死亡。乙二醇可被氧化成乙醇酸，然后可以变成草酸。这可能会导致肾功能衰竭而死亡。不要喝这些化学物质。立即咨询医生，如果发生事故。 1.冷却系统注意：这是非常困难的，以保...

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用盐水作为二次制冷剂冰生成的过程涉及的热与质量传递的组合。当热传递较大，则水之前冰形成具有与散装流体混合的机会。据观察，当存在引入的水和静止本体盐水之间的相对运动（即盐水内注入水）时，流程有助于传热，并鼓励冰以形成迅速。然而，当存在太多的湍流中的流动，可以产生没有冰。这种技术的最大限制是盐水的混合和稀释。盐水量将继续作为进程继续上升。因此，使?...

<html>冰浆在工业中广泛使用，并且一种特别成功的应用是冰清管技术1，2。相比于常规的泡沫和固体猪，冰猪可以在很长的距离，通过复杂的拓扑行进的，因为液相的润滑效果和它的凝固点的，因为一些冰晶融化3，4，5的高度。即使猪被卡住，可以简单地等待冰浆熔化并在稍后继续清洁过程。管道清洗的这种方法是便宜的，并易于使用。 冰馏分起着冰猪的性能起关键作用。为了测量冰分数，可以使用一个壶煮（法国媒体），以确定是否冰浆是足够厚6，“&gt; 7，一个高的壶煮冰馏分，通常为80％时，进行冰清管时需要。网上冰分数检测最近的研究表明，电磁和超声波适于作业8，9，10，11。 冰猪通常是由一个刮面制冰机从5％（重量）NaCl溶液（盐水）制成。它也是在工业制造冰浆的主要方式。这种类型的制冰机的冻结水或盐水在冷金属表面，通常是光滑的316不锈钢表面，然后循环剪冰粒关闭。液体-金属界面是非常复杂的，并通过广泛的那些对制冰12基本因素的影响。非金属和水之间的接口是非常不同的，一个特别有趣的例子是高岭石。该Kaolinite -水界面是特殊的，因为没有一个有利的冰结构邻近于固体表面，而是鼓励冰状氢键团簇形成在它的13顶，14两性基底流体的层。制作冰猪的另一种方式，而需要高浓度盐水同时加入粉碎预制冰块。对于此方法，所述制冷系统能以高得多的蒸发温度运行，因为没有降凝剂（FPD）之前被冰的形成增加;它因此认为更有效的，由于对于给定的冷却负荷15，16，17中的降低压缩率和减少功耗。 还有另外两个冰制作方法：从生产过冷的水冰，并把制冷剂与水直接接触<sup类=“外部参照”&gt; 18，19。过冷方法涉及干扰亚稳定过冷水以产生冰核和生长。这种方法的最大的问题是不希望的冰的形成，可以阻止该系统。因为制冷剂也不润滑油无论是在最终产品的冰都希望直接接触的方法被认为不适合冰清管。 冰的形成需要的热与质量传递由于在过程中产生的熔化潜热。它首先是由Osborn的雷诺兹发现在1874年该热质在气体中的运输是强耦合，并且可以在类似的数学式20来表示。这项工作形成声势，热和质量的流体传递的主题开拓纸和被转载多次21,22。这个题目，然后通过一个研究他人的数目，从既分析和经验方法，对气体，液体，熔融金属23，24，25，26，27，28，29，30，31，32，33。除了热与质量传递，流体需要成核位点，其中树枝状冰增长可以开发。一个现代的洞察冰晶的生长采用构形法，由Adrian Bejan开发，解释为什么冰生长在这种方式34，35，36。 冰的形成在盐水不同于在纯水中非常不同，由于盐的存在。首先，<html>盐变化的流体的热力学和按压其冰点。其次，盐可以不溶解在冰基质（除hydrohalite，当温度达到共晶点，这只能形成），并且当冰开始增长它被拒绝到散装流体。盐的排斥海冰和冰都在实验室中37，38研究发现。由于拒绝高浓度盐水的温度大大低于海水的冰点，因为它下降时，冰生长在流动盐水和静态散装流体之间的界面。这些冰的钟乳石，也叫brinicles，在麦克默多海峡，南极洲被首次发现并进行了实验39，40，41，42研究。 2011年，BBC摄制的冰冻星球系列brinicles形成“外部参照”&gt; 43，44。 在我们的实验室中，人们发现，通过反转时水被引入到冷盐水浴中流动的静止流体，水可以转变成冰的正确条件45下。结果发现，其中，被引入的水的位置，流动流变学，和盐水洗涤温度和浓度是影响多少冰如何可以产生的所有的关键因素。本研究的总体目标是调查，如果一个制冰机可以通过这一机制被开发，以产生冰浆，考虑到提高的蒸发器的温度和液体到液体传热的高速率可以提高能源的使用效率。本文股份实验的关键方面。

<table border="1" fo:keep-together.within-page="1" fo:keep-with-next.within-page="always">
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>DMA 4500 M</td>
			<td>Anton Paar</td>
			<td>81546022</td>
			<td>Density Metre</td>
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		<tr>
			<td>GELATO Chef 2200</td>
			<td>magimix</td>
			<td>0036500504R13</td>
			<td>Ice Cream Maker</td>
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			<td>280D</td>
			<td>FREEZE MASTER</td>
			<td>241-1441</td>
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			<td>M17.5X2</td>
			<td>BLUE ICE MACHINES</td>
			<td>GK924</td>
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			<td>OMEGA</td>
			<td>140045</td>
			<td>Thermometer</td>
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			<td>OHAUS</td>
			<td>TS4KW</td>
			<td>1324</td>
			<td>Scale</td>
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			<td>ZFC321WA/BNI225</td>
			<td>ZANUSSI</td>
			<td>920672574-00</td>
			<td>Freezer</td>
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			<td>EIS Heater Matrix</td>
			<td>Vauxhall</td>
			<td>214720041</td>
			<td>Heat Exchanger</td>
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			<td>2500LPH</td>
			<td>JBA</td>
			<td>AP-2500</td>
			<td>Pump</td>
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			<td>Glass syringe</td>
			<td>FORTUNA Optima</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>100 mL</td>
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			<td>OAT concentrated coolant</td>
			<td>wilko</td>
			<td>P30409014</td>
			<td>Ethylene Glycol</td>
		</tr>
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			<td>pure dried vacuum salt</td>
			<td>INEOS Enterprise</td>
			<td>1433324</td>
			<td>NaCl Salt</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Methylated Spirits</td>
			<td>Barrettine</td>
			<td>1170</td>
			<td>Methanol&#160;</td>
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</table>

ice generation and the heat and mass transfer phenomena of introducing water to a cold bath of brine

我们证明用于在过冷盐水环境中的热与质量传递的冷冻现象和研究的方法。我们的试验表明，在适当的条件下，可以在水被引入到冷盐水浴来制造冰。以制造冰的形式，除了具有盐水和水混合，传热的速率必须绕过传质。当在微小液滴的盐水表面的形式被引入的水，热和质量传递的方式是通过扩散。浮力从下方与盐水混合停止水，但随着冰成长厚，它减慢传热率，使得冰更难以成长的结果。当在流动的形式盐水内引入水，许多因素被发现影响多少冰能形成。盐水洗涤温度和浓度，它们的热与质量传递的驱动力，分别可影响水 - 冰转换拉提O;低浴温及盐水浓度鼓励更多的冰形成。流动流变性，它可以直接影响同时传热和传质系数，也是一个关键的因素。此外，流动流变学变化与散装流体的流动的接触面积。

图1比较的水在盐水表面水通过盐水注入引入的影响。在“冰盖”的情况下，形成的冰是固体，因为水不与散装流体混合得多。两种流体之间的温度和密度差异对水产生浮力，防止它们混合。两种流体是静态的（ 即，该传热比质量大得多;钪≈500，镨≈10，以及乐≈50），因此，冰能形成容易。既没有形成在这个实验糊状层也不盐排斥。一旦冰成长厚，它...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Ice Generation and the Heat and Mass Transfer Phenomena of Introducing Water to a Cold Bath of Brine at JoVE.com

Ice Generation and the Heat and Mass Transfer Phenomena of Introducing Water to a Cold Bath of Brine

在这里，我们提出了一个协议，当水被引入到盐水的冷浴，作为二次制冷剂，在一定温度范围内大大低于水的凝固点以证明冰的生成。它可以用作制造用于工业冰的另一种方法。

冰生成和传热传质现象将水引入到盐水冷水浴

We demonstrate a method for the study of the heat and mass transfer and of the freezing phenomena in a subcooled brine environment. Our experiment showed ...

Research

Education

JoVE Core

JoVE Journal

Physics

Engineering

Unit 1

Temperature and Heat

SCIENTISTS IN ACTION

Controlling the Size, Shape and Stability of Supramolecular Polymers in Water

控制的大小，形状和稳定性超分子聚合物在水

For aqueous based supramolecular polymers, the simultaneous control over shape, size and stability is very difficult1. At the same time, the ability to do ...

科研

工程学

The Preparation of Electrohydrodynamic Bridges from Polar Dielectric Liquids

Horizontal and vertical liquid bridges are simple and powerful tools for exploring the interaction of high intensity electric fields (8-20 kV/cm) and ...

Laser-induced Forward Transfer of Ag Nanopaste

银纳米糊膏的激光诱导正向传输

Over the past decade, there has been much development of non-lithographic methods1-3 for printing metallic inks or other functional materials. Many of ...

Pool-Boiling Heat-Transfer Enhancement on Cylindrical Surfaces with Hybrid Wettable Patterns

在圆柱面池沸腾传热强化与混合可湿性模式

In this study, pool-boiling heat-transfer experiments were performed to investigate the effect of the number of interlines and the orientation of the ...

Detecting the Water-soluble Chloride Distribution of Cement Paste in a High-precision Way

高精度水泥浆水溶氯分布的检测

To improve the accuracy of the chloride distribution along the depth of cement paste under cyclic wet-dry conditions, a new method is proposed to obtain a ...

Measurements of Local Instantaneous Convective Heat Transfer in a Pipe - Single and Two-phase Flow

管道单、两相流局部瞬时对流换热的测量

This manuscript provides step by step description of the manufacturing process of a test section designed to measure the local instantaneous heat transfer ...

Uncoupling Coriolis Force and Rotating Buoyancy Effects on Full-Field Heat Transfer Properties of a Rotating Channel

解耦科里奥利力和旋转浮力对旋转通道全场传热性能的影响

An experimental method for exploring the heat transfer characteristics of an axially rotating channel is proposed. The governing flow parameters that ...

Design and Fabrication of an Optical Fiber Made of Water

一种水上光纤的设计与制造

In this report, an optical fiber of which the core is made solely of water, while the cladding is air, is designed and manufactured. In contrast with ...

Nerve Stem Cell Differentiation by a One-step Cold Atmospheric Plasma Treatment In Vitro

Nerve Stem Cell Differentiation by a One-step Cold Atmospheric Plasma Treatment In Vitro

一步冷常压等离子体体外处理神经干细胞分化

As the development of physical plasma technology, cold atmospheric plasmas (CAPs) have been widely investigated in decontamination, cancer treatment, ...

Procedure for the Transfer of Polymer Films Onto Porous Substrates with Minimized Defects

聚合物薄膜在多孔基板上的转移程序,具有最小化的缺陷

The fabrication of devices containing thin film composite membranes necessitates the transfer of these films onto the surfaces of arbitrary support ...