Name: in vitro differentiation of human cd4+foxp3+ induced regulatory t cells (itregs) from na&#239;ve cd4+ t cells using a tgf-&#946;-containing protocol
Uploaded: 2016-12-30T14:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about In Vitro Differentiation of Human CD4+FOXP3+ Induced Regulatory T Cells iTregs from NaÃƒÂ¯ve CD4+ T Cells Using a TGF-ÃŽÂ²-containing Protocol at JoVE.com

Nina Nagel is gratefully acknowledged for technical assistance during the video shoot and experimental preparation. We thank Eva-Maria Weiss for help with the intracellular FOXP3 staining protocol and Elisabeth Suri-Payer and Nina Oberle for establishing the nTreg isolation protocol. Matilda Eriksson and Peri Noori are acknowledged for laboratory management. 
Funding: A.S. was supported by a Marie Curie Intra European Fellowship within the 7th European Community Framework Programme, the Dr. &#197;ke Olsson Foundation and KI research foundations; A.S. and J.T. were supported by a CERIC (Center of Excellence for Research on Inflammation and Cardiovascular disease) grant, J.T. was supported by Vetenskapsr&#229;det Medicine and Health (Dnr 2011-3264), Torsten S&#246;derberg Foundation, FP7 STATegra, AFA Insurance and Stockholm County Council.

Menschliche periphere mononukleäre Blutzellen (PBMCs) wurden frisch isoliert von anonymisierten gesunden Spender Leukozytenfilmen erworben von der Karolinska University Hospital, Schweden. Ethische Genehmigung für die Versuche wurde vom regionalen Ethical Review Board in Stockholm erhalten (Reģionālā etikprövningsnämnden i Stockholm), Schweden (Zulassungsnummer: 2013 / 1458-1431 / 1). 1. T-Zell-Isolierung aus dem peripheren Blut <ol><li> PBMC Isolation <ol><li> Pre-lagen 15 ml Dichtezen...

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Das beschriebene Protokoll ermöglicht die robuste Induktion von menschlichen CD4 + FOXP3 + iTregs von menschlichen naiven CD4 + T - Zellen. Es enthält ein neues Protokoll , das wir vor kurzem beschrieben, eine Kombination aus TGF-β unter Verwendung ATRA und Rapamycin, für die Induktion von iTregs mit überlegener in vitro suppressive Funktion 22. Im Vergleich zu anderen veröffentlichten Protokollen, ist ein weiterer Vorteil der Induktion verschiedener iTreg Populationen parallel von u...

CD4 + CD25 + FOXP3 + regulatorischen T - Zellen (Tregs) unterdrücken andere Immunzellen und sind kritische Vermittler der peripheren Toleranz, die Verhütung von Autoimmun- und übermäßige Entzündung 1. Die Bedeutung der Treg wird von der menschlichen Krankheit immunodysregulation Polyendokrinopathie Enteropathie X-chromosomal-Syndrom (IPEX), in dem Verlust von Treg aufgrund von Mutationen in der `Master&#39; Treg Transkriptionsfaktor forkhead Feld P3 (FOXP3) führt zu schweren systemischen Autoimmunerkrankung exemplifiziert, tödlich in einem frühen Alter. Allerdings wirken Tregs als zweischneidiges Schwert in das Immunsystem , wie sie auch Antitumor - Immunität in bestimmten Einstellungen 2 behindern. Die therapeutische Beeinflussung von Treg Anzahl und Funktion ist deshalb Gegenstand zahlreicher klinischer Untersuchungen. Bei Krebs Erschöpfung der Tregs kann wünschenswert sein , und einige Erfolg klinischer Ansätze fördert die weitere Forschung 3. In Autoimmun- und Entzündungserkrankungen, zusätzlich zu den therapeutischen Wirkungen von Treg in seveNeueste in-Man - Studien von Adoptiv Treg Transfer ral Maus Krankheitsmodelle, um zu verhindern Graft - versus -host Erkrankung (GvHD) 4 - 7 und die Sicherheit zu bewerten bei Typ - 1 - Diabetes 8 zeigten vielversprechende Ergebnisse zu behandeln. Natürlich vorkommende Treg (nTregs) Thymus abgeleitete tTregs umfassen und peripher induzierte pTregs, mit nicht-redundanten wesentlichen Funktionen in die Aufrechterhaltung der Gesundheit von 9 bis 11. Allerdings sind nTreg Zahlen begrenzt, die komplementären Ansatz zur Induktion Tregs (iTregs) in vitro aus naiven T - Zell - Vorläufer 12 ermutigend. Noch Stabilität iTregs, vermutlich aufgrund des Fehlens von Demethylierung in der sogenannten Treg-spezifischen demethylierten Bereich (TSDR) im FOXP3 Genlocus 13 bleibt ein Problem und einige Studien zeigen , dass Treg in vivo induziert 14 stabiler sind. Bis heute bleibt FOXP3 das beste Protein mArker für Tregs , aber es ist nicht absolut spezifisch , weil die menschliche konventionellen CD4 + CD25 - T - Zellen transient Zwischenstufen FOXP3 auf 15,16 Aktivierung auszudrücken. Obwohl erhebliche Fortschritte bei der Aufklärung der Regulation der Foxp3-Expression erzielt wurden, bleibt noch viel vor allem in menschlichen Zellen in Bezug auf die Induktion, Stabilität und Funktion von FOXP3 entdeckt zu werden. Trotz der Unterschiede zu nTregs, in vitro induzierten FOXP3 + CD4 + T - Zellen können als Modellsystem verwendet werden , um molekulare Mechanismen der FOXP3 Induktion zu studieren und als Ausgangspunkt zu entwickeln Protokolle in die Zukunft , die für die Erzeugung von iTregs ermöglichen , die mehr sind ähnlich wie in vivo erzeugt Tregs, die für Adoptivtransfer - Strategien in der Zukunft anwendbar sein könnte. Es gibt keine `Gold Standard&#39; Protokoll für die menschliche iTregs induzieren und aktuellen Protokolle auf nachahmt Treg-induzierenden Bedingungen in vivo entwickelt basiert: Interleukin 2 (IL-2) Und β - Wachstumsfaktor (TGF-β) Signalisierungs Transformation für FOXP3 Induktion in vivo entscheidend 17 und all-trans - Retinsäure (ATRA) - , die in vivo durch darmassoziierten dendritischen Zellen produziert wird - verwendet wird , häufig FOXP3 Induktion zu verbessern in vitro 18-21. Wir haben zusätzliche menschliche Treg-induzierende Protokolle Butyrat 22, einen Darmmikrobiota gewonnenen Fettsäure kurzkettigen mit entwickelt , die vor kurzem murine Treg Induktion 23,24 zu erhöhen wurde gezeigt. Wir stellten auch vor kurzem ein neues Protokoll für die Erzeugung von iTregs mit überragender Unterdrückungsfunktion in vitro durch eine Kombination von TGF-β mit ATRA und 22 Rapamycin, letztere eine klinisch zugelassenen mammalian target of Rapamycin (mTOR) sein Inhibitor, der bekannt ist , zu fördern FOXP3 Wartung während der menschlichen Treg Expansion 25,26. Diese Methode beschreibt die reproduzierbarvitro - Erzeugung von humanen CD4 + FOXP3 + iTregs eine Reihe von verschiedenen Bedingungen verwendet, und deren anschließende Phänotypisierung mittels Durchflusszytometrie und quantitative reverse Transkriptase - Polymerase - Kettenreaktion (qRT-PCR) protokollspezifische Muster der Expression von FOXP3 und andere Treg Signatur - Moleküle zu offenbaren solche wie CD25, CTLA-4, EOS, sowie Unterdrückung von IFN-γ und SATB1 Ausdruck 22. Die erzeugten Zellpopulationen können für funktionelle Assays verwendet werden, unterdrückende Aktivität in Bezug auf oder für molekulare Studien, entweder allgemeine FOXP3 Regulierer über oder Effekte für bestimmte Verbindungen wie Butyrat oder Rapamycin zu studieren. Ein weiteres Verständnis der molekularen Mechanismen Treg Differenzierung der Fahrt ist sehr relevant für zukünftige therapeutische Ansätze für Autoimmun- oder Krebs gezielt Moleküle in Treg Generation und Funktion beteiligt Ziel.

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="1689">
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			<td height="20" style="height:21px;width:501px;">All-trans retinoic acid</td>
			<td style="width:176px;">Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:248px;">R2625-50MG&#160;&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:764px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:21px;">anit-human Foxp3-APC clone 236A/E7</td>
			<td>eBioscience</td>
			<td>17-4777-42</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:21px;">anti-human CD25 microbeads</td>
			<td>Miltenyi Biotec</td>
			<td>130-092-983</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:21px;">anti-human CD25-PE</td>
			<td>Miltenyi Biotec</td>
			<td>130-091-024</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:21px;">anti-human CD28 antibody, LEAF Purified&#160;</td>
			<td>Biolegend</td>
			<td>302914</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:21px;">anti-human CD3 Antibody, LEAF Purified&#160;</td>
			<td>Biolegend</td>
			<td>317315</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:21px;width:501px;">anti-human CD45RA , FITC</td>
			<td>Miltenyi Biotec</td>
			<td style="width:248px;">130-092-247</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:21px;">anti-human CD45RO PE clone UCHL1</td>
			<td>BD Biosciences</td>
			<td>555493</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:21px;">anti-human CD4-PerCP clone SK3; mIgG1</td>
			<td>BD Biosciences</td>
			<td>345770</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:21px;">anti-human CD8-eFluor 450 (clone OKT8), mIgG2a</td>
			<td>eBioscience</td>
			<td>48-0086-42&#160;</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:21px;width:501px;">anti-human CTLA-4 (CD152), clone BNI3, mIgG2ak, Brilliant violet 421</td>
			<td>BD Biosciences</td>
			<td>562743</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:21px;">anti-human IFN-g FITC clone 4S.B3; mIgG1k</td>
			<td>eBioscience</td>
			<td>11-7319-81&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:764px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:21px;width:501px;">Brefeldin A-containing solution: GolgiPlug</td>
			<td>BD Biosciences</td>
			<td>555029</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:21px;width:501px;">cDNA synthesis kit: SuperScript VILO(Reverse transcriptase) cDNA Synthesis Kit</td>
			<td style="width:176px;">Invitrogen</td>
			<td style="width:248px;">11754-250</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:21px;width:501px;">Density centrifugation medium: Ficoll-Paque</td>
			<td style="width:176px;">GE healthcare</td>
			<td style="width:248px;">17-1440-03</td>
			<td></td>
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			<td height="21" style="height:22px;">DMSO 99,7%</td>
			<td>Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td>D2650-5X5ML</td>
			<td></td>
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		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">FBS, heat inactivated</td>
			<td>Invitrogen</td>
			<td>10082-147</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:21px;">Fixable Viability Dye, eFluor 780&#160;&#160;</td>
			<td>eBioscience</td>
			<td>65-0865-14 or 65-0865-18&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:764px;"></td>
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		<tr height="36">
			<td height="36" style="height:36px;">Foxp3 Staining Buffer Set</td>
			<td>eBioscience</td>
			<td>00-5523-00&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:764px;">Caution, contains Paraformaldehyde 
			Can be also bought in combined kit with antibody; 77-5774-40 Anti-Human Foxp3 Staining Set APC Clone: 236A/E7 Set&#160;</td>
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		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:21px;">GlutaMAX (200 mM L-alanyl-L-glutamine)</td>
			<td>Invitrogen</td>
			<td>35050-061</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:21px;">human naive CD4 T cell isolation kit II</td>
			<td>Miltenyi Biotec</td>
			<td>130-094-131</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
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			<td align="left" height="20" style="height:21px;"><img alt="nojavascript&amp;WT,nojavascript&amp;WT,nojavascript&amp;WT,nojavascript&amp;WT" height="1" src="file:///C:/Users/DAVIDK~1/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image002.png" width="2" />
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						<td height="20" style="height:21px;width:501px;">human naive CD4 T cell isolation kit II</td>
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			</td>
			<td align="left"><img alt="nojavascript&amp;WT,nojavascript&amp;WT,nojavascript&amp;WT,nojavascript&amp;WT,nojavascript&amp;WT,nojavascript&amp;WT,nojavascript&amp;WT,nojavascript&amp;WT,nojavascript&amp;WT,nojavascript&amp;WT,nojavascript&amp;WT,nojavascript&amp;WT" height="1" src="file:///C:/Users/DAVIDK~1/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image004.png" width="1" />
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						<td height="20" style="height:21px;width:176px;">Miltenyi Biotec</td>
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			</td>
			<td>130-094-131</td>
			<td></td>
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			<td height="20" style="height:21px;">Human serum albumin 50 g/l</td>
			<td>Baxter</td>
			<td>1501057</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:21px;">Ionomycin from Streptomyces conglobatus &#62;98%</td>
			<td style="width:176px;">Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td>I9657-1MG</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:21px;">MACS LS-columns</td>
			<td>Miltenyi Biotec</td>
			<td>130-042-401</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:21px;width:501px;">mouse IgG1 K Isotype Control APC Clone: P3.6.2.8.1&#160;</td>
			<td>eBioscience</td>
			<td>17-4714-42&#160;</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:21px;">mouse IgG1 K Isotype Control FITC 50 ug&#160;</td>
			<td>eBioscience</td>
			<td>11-4714-81&#160;</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:21px;width:501px;">mouse IgG2a isotype control, Brilliant violet 421, clone MOPC-173</td>
			<td>BD Biosciences</td>
			<td>563464</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:21px;">Pasteur pipet plastic, individually packed</td>
			<td>Sarstedt</td>
			<td>86.1172.001&#160;&#160;</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:21px;">PMA PHORBOL 12-MYRISTATE 13-ACETATE</td>
			<td>Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td>P1585-1MG&#160;</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:21px;">Rapamycin</td>
			<td>EMD (Merck)</td>
			<td>553210-100UG</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:21px;">Recombinant Human IL-2, CF</td>
			<td>R&#38;D</td>
			<td>202-IL-050/CF</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:21px;width:501px;">Recombinant Human TGF-beta 1, CF</td>
			<td>RnD</td>
			<td>240-B-010/CF</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:21px;">RNA isolation kit: RNAqueous-Micro Kit</td>
			<td style="width:176px;">Ambion</td>
			<td>AM1931&#160;&#160;</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:21px;">RPMI 1640 Medium&#160;</td>
			<td>Invitrogen</td>
			<td>72400-054&#160;</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:21px;">Sodium butyrate</td>
			<td>Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td>B5887-250MG&#160;</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:21px;">T cell culture medium: X-Vivo 15 medium, with gentamicin+phenolred</td>
			<td>Lonza</td>
			<td>04-418Q</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:21px;">TaqMan Gene Expression Assay, FOXP3 (Best Coverage)&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:176px;">Applied Biosystems</td>
			<td style="width:248px;">4331182; assay ID: Hs01085834_m1</td>
			<td>Caution, contains Paraformaldehyde</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:21px;">TaqMan Gene Expression Assay, RPL13A (Best Coverage)</td>
			<td style="width:176px;">Applied Biosystems</td>
			<td>4351370; assay ID: Hs04194366_g1&#160;&#160;</td>
			<td>Caution, contains Paraformaldehyde</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:501px;">TaqMan Gene Expression Master mix</td>
			<td style="width:176px;">Applied Biosystems</td>
			<td style="width:248px;">4369514</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

in vitro differentiation of human cd4+foxp3+ induced regulatory t cells (itregs) from na&#239;ve cd4+ t cells using a tgf-&#946;-containing protocol

Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are an integral part of peripheral tolerance, suppressing immune reactions against self-structures and thus preventing autoimmune diseases. Clinical approaches to adoptively transfer Tregs, or to deplete Tregs in cancer, are underway with promising first outcomes. 
Because the number of naturally occurring Tregs (nTregs) is very limited, studying certain Treg features using in vitro induced Tregs (iTregs) can be advantageous. To date, the best although not absolutely specific protein marker to delineate Tregs is the transcription factor FOXP3. Despite the importance of Tregs including non-redundant roles of peripherally induced Tregs, the protocols to generate iTregs are currently controversial, particularly for human cells. This protocol therefore describes the in vitro differentiation of human CD4+FOXP3+ iTregs from human na&#239;ve T cells using a range of Treg-inducing factors (TGF-&#946; plus IL-2 only, or their combination with retinoic acid, rapamycin or butyrate) in parallel. It also describes the phenotyping of these cells by flow cytometry and qRT-PCR. 
These protocols result in reproducible expression of FOXP3 and other Treg signature genes and enable the study of general FOXP3-regulatory mechanisms as well as protocol-specific effects to delineate the impact of certain factors. iTregs can be utilized to study various phenotypic aspects as well as molecular mechanisms of Treg induction. Detailed molecular studies are facilitated by relatively large cell numbers that can be obtained. 
A limitation for the application of iTregs is the relative instability of FOXP3 expression in these cells compared to nTregs. iTregs generated by these protocols can also be used for functional assays such as studying their suppressive function, in which iTregs induced by TGF-&#946; plus retinoic acid and rapamycin display superior suppressive activity. However, the suppressive capacity of iTregs can differ from nTregs and the use of appropriate controls is crucial.

Abbildung 1 zeigt ein Schema des experimentellen Aufbaus. Figur 2 zeigt eine repräsentative Reinheitskontrolle Färbung für magnetisch isoliert naive CD4 + T - Zellen und nTregs. B ild 3A zeigt die Durchflusszytometrie Gating - Strategie und 3B zeigt repräsentative FOXP3 und CD25 - Zytometrie Anfärbungen am Tag fließen 6 der Kultur unter den an...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about In Vitro Differentiation of Human CD4+FOXP3+ Induced Regulatory T Cells iTregs from NaÃƒÂ¯ve CD4+ T Cells Using a TGF-ÃŽÂ²-containing Protocol at JoVE.com

In Vitro Differentiation of Human CD4+FOXP3+ Induced Regulatory T Cells iTregs from NaÃƒÆ’Ã†'Ãƒâ€šÃ‚Â¯ve CD4+ T Cells Using a TGF-ÃƒÆ’Ã…Â½Ãƒâ€šÃ‚Â²-containing Protocol

Dieses Protokoll beschreibt die reproduzierbare Erzeugung und Phänotypisierung von humanen regulatorischen T - Zellen induziert (iTregs) von naiven CD4 + T - Zellen in vitro. Verschiedene Protokolle für FOXP3 Induktions ermöglichen die Untersuchung spezifischer iTreg Phänotypen mit jeweiligen Protokollen erhalten.

In vitro Differenzierung von humanen CD4 + FOXP3 + Induced regulatorischer T - Zellen (iTregs) von Naïve CD4 + T - Zellen unter Verwendung eines TGF-β-enthaltende Protokoll

Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are an integral part of peripheral tolerance, suppressing immune reactions against self-structures and thus preventing ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Immunology and Infection

In Vitro Differentiation of Human CD4+FOXP3+ Induced Regulatory T Cells (iTregs) from Na&#239;ve CD4+ T Cells Using a TGF-&#946;-containing Protocol

Retroviral Transduction of T-cell Receptors in Mouse T-cells

Retrovirale Transduktion von T-Zell-Rezeptoren in Maus-T-Zellen

T-cell receptors (TCRs) play a central role in the immune system. TCRs on T-cell surfaces can specifically recognize peptide antigens presented by antigen ...

Forschung

Immunologie und Infektion

Generation of Induced Regulatory T Cells from Primary Human Na&iuml;ve and Memory T Cells

Generation of Induced Regulatory T Cells from Primary Human NaÃƒÆ’Ã‚Â¯ve and Memory T Cells

Generation der induzierte regulatorische T-Zellen aus primären humanen naiven und Gedächtnis-T-Zellen

The development and maintenance of immunosuppressive CD4+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) contribute to the peripheral tolerance needed to remain in ...

Directed Differentiation of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells towards T Lymphocytes

Gerichtete Differenzierung von induzierten pluripotenten Stammzellen in Richtung T-Lymphozyten

Adoptive cell transfer (ACT) of antigen-specific CD8+  cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) is a promising treatment for a variety of  malignancies 1. CTLs can  ...

piggyBac Transposon System Modification of Primary Human T Cells

piggyBac Transposon System Modification of Primary Human T Cells

piggyBac Transposon-System Modifikation von primären menschlichen T-Zellen

The piggyBac transposon system is naturally active, originally derived from the cabbage looper moth1,2. This non-viral system is plasmid based, most ...

New Tools to Expand Regulatory T Cells from HIV-1-infected Individuals

Neue Tools erweitern regulatorischen T-Zellen von HIV-1-infizierten Personen

CD4+ Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are potent immune modulators and serve an important function in human immune homeostasis. Depletion of Tregs has led to ...

Adenoviral Transduction of Naive CD4 T Cells to Study Treg Differentiation

Adenovirale Transduktion von Naive CD4 T-Zellen zu Treg Differenzierung Studieren

Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are essential to provide immune tolerance to self as well as to certain foreign antigens. Tregs can be generated from naive CD4 ...

Isolation and Th17 Differentiation of Na&iuml;ve CD4 T Lymphocytes

Isolation and Th17 Differentiation of NaÃƒÆ’Ã‚Â¯ve CD4 T Lymphocytes

Isolierung und Differenzierung von Th17 Naive CD4-T-Lymphozyten

Th17 cells are a distinct subset of T cells that have been found to produce interleukin 17 (IL-17), and differ in function from the other T cell subsets ...

Assessing the Innate Sensing of HIV-1 Infected CD4+ T Cells by Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells Using an Ex vivo Co-culture System.

Assessing the Innate Sensing of HIV-1 Infected CD4+ T Cells by Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells Using an Ex vivo Co-culture System.

Beurteilung der Innate Sensing von HIV-1-infizierten CD4<sup&gt; +</sup&gt; T-Zellen durch Plasmazytoide Dendritische Zellen unter Verwendung eines<em&gt; Ex-vivo-</em&gt; Co-Kultursystem.

HIV-1 innate sensing requires direct contact of infected CD4+ T cells with plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs). In order to study this process, the ...

Derivation of T Cells In Vitro from Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells

Derivation of T Cells In Vitro from Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells

Ableitung von T-Zellen<em&gt; In-vitro-</em&gt; Aus embryonalen Stammzellen der Maus

The OP9/OP9-DL1 co-culture system has become a well-established method for deriving differentiated blood cell types from embryonic and hematopoietic ...

Generation of Human Alloantigen-specific T Cells from Peripheral Blood

Generation of Human Alloantigen-spezifischen T-Zellen aus peripherem Blut

The study of human T lymphocyte biology often involves examination of responses to activating ligands. T cells recognize and respond to processed peptide ...