Name: in vitro differentiation of human cd4+foxp3+ induced regulatory t cells (itregs) from na&#239;ve cd4+ t cells using a tgf-&#946;-containing protocol
Uploaded: 2016-12-30T14:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about In Vitro Differentiation of Human CD4+FOXP3+ Induced Regulatory T Cells iTregs from NaÃƒÂ¯ve CD4+ T Cells Using a TGF-ÃŽÂ²-containing Protocol at JoVE.com

Nina Nagel is gratefully acknowledged for technical assistance during the video shoot and experimental preparation. We thank Eva-Maria Weiss for help with the intracellular FOXP3 staining protocol and Elisabeth Suri-Payer and Nina Oberle for establishing the nTreg isolation protocol. Matilda Eriksson and Peri Noori are acknowledged for laboratory management. 
Funding: A.S. was supported by a Marie Curie Intra European Fellowship within the 7th European Community Framework Programme, the Dr. &#197;ke Olsson Foundation and KI research foundations; A.S. and J.T. were supported by a CERIC (Center of Excellence for Research on Inflammation and Cardiovascular disease) grant, J.T. was supported by Vetenskapsr&#229;det Medicine and Health (Dnr 2011-3264), Torsten S&#246;derberg Foundation, FP7 STATegra, AFA Insurance and Stockholm County Council.

Las células mononucleares de sangre periférica humana (PBMC) fueron recién aisladas de capas leucocitarias de donantes sanos anonimizados comprados en el Hospital Universitario Karolinska, Suecia. permiso ético para los experimentos se obtuvo de la Junta Regional de Revisión Ética en Estocolmo (reģionālā etikprövningsnämnden i Stockholm), Suecia (número de registro: 2013/1458/31/1). 1. T aislamiento de células de la sangre periférica <ol><li> Aislamiento de PBMC <ol><li> Pre-lay ...

<ol>
	<li>Sakaguchi, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Regulatory+T+cells:+history+and+perspective.">Regulatory T cells: history and perspective.</a> Methods Mol.Biol. 707, 3-17 (2011).</li><li>DeLeeuw, R. J., Kost, S. E., Kakal, J. A., Nelson, B. H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+prognostic+value+of+FoxP3++tumor-infiltrating+lymphocytes+in+cancer:+A+critical+review+of+the+literature.">The prognostic value of FoxP3+ tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in cancer: A critical review of the literature.</a> Clin Can Res. 18 (11), 3022-3029 (2012).</li><li>Liu, C., Workman, C. J., Vignali, D. A. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Targeting+Regulatory+T+Cells+in+Tumors.">Targeting Regulatory T Cells in Tumors.</a> FEBS J. , (2016).</li><li>Trzonkowski, P., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=First-in-man+clinical+results+of+the+treatment+of+patients+with+graft+versus+host+disease+with+human+ex+vivo+expanded+CD4+CD25+C.">First-in-man clinical results of the treatment of patients with graft versus host disease with human ex vivo expanded CD4+CD25+C.</a> Clin. Immunol. 133, 22-26 (2009).</li><li>Brunstein, C. G., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Infusion+of+ex+vivo+expanded+T+regulatory+cells+in+adults+transplanted+with+umbilical+cord+blood:+safety+profile+and+detection+kinetics.">Infusion of ex vivo expanded T regulatory cells in adults transplanted with umbilical cord blood: safety profile and detection kinetics.</a> Blood. 117, 1061-1070 (2011).</li><li>Di Ianni, M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Tregs+prevent+GVHD+and+promote+immune+reconstitution+in+HLA-haploidentical+transplantation.">Tregs prevent GVHD and promote immune reconstitution in HLA-haploidentical transplantation.</a> Blood. 117, 3921-3928 (2011).</li><li>Edinger, M., Hoffmann, P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Regulatory+T+cells+in+stem+cell+transplantation:+strategies+and+first+clinical+experiences.">Regulatory T cells in stem cell transplantation: strategies and first clinical experiences.</a> Curr. Opin. Immunol. 23, 679-684 (2011).</li><li>Bluestone, J. A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Type+1+diabetes+immunotherapy+using+polyclonal+regulatory+T+cells.">Type 1 diabetes immunotherapy using polyclonal regulatory T cells.</a> Science Transl Med. 7 (315), 189 (2015).</li><li>Haribhai, D., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+central+role+for+induced+regulatory+T+cells+in+tolerance+induction+in+experimental+colitis.">A central role for induced regulatory T cells in tolerance induction in experimental colitis.</a> J. Immunol. 182, 3461-3468 (2009).</li><li>Haribhai, D., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+requisite+role+for+induced+regulatory+T+cells+in+tolerance+based+on+expanding+antigen+receptor+diversity.">A requisite role for induced regulatory T cells in tolerance based on expanding antigen receptor diversity.</a> Immunity. 35, 109-122 (2011).</li><li>Abbas, A. K., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Regulatory+T+cells:+recommendations+to+simplify+the+nomenclature.">Regulatory T cells: recommendations to simplify the nomenclature.</a> Nat.Immunol. 14, 307-308 (2013).</li><li>Curotto de Lafaille, M. A., Lafaille, J. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Natural+and+adaptive+foxp3++regulatory+T+cells:+more+of+the+same+or+a+division+of+labor.">Natural and adaptive foxp3+ regulatory T cells: more of the same or a division of labor.</a> Immunity. 30, 626-635 (2009).</li><li>Huehn, J., Polansky, J. K., Hamann, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Epigenetic+control+of+FOXP3+expression:+the+key+to+a+stable+regulatory+T-cell+lineage.">Epigenetic control of FOXP3 expression: the key to a stable regulatory T-cell lineage.</a> Nat. Rev. Immunol. 9, 83-89 (2009).</li><li>Schmitt, E. G., Williams, C. B. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Generation+and+function+of+induced+regulatory+T+cells.">Generation and function of induced regulatory T cells.</a> Front Immunol. 4, 152 (2013).</li><li>Pillai, V., Ortega, S. B., Wang, C. K., Karandikar, N. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Transient+regulatory+T-cells:+a+state+attained+by+all+activated+human+T-cells.">Transient regulatory T-cells: a state attained by all activated human T-cells.</a> Clin.Immunol. 123, 18-29 (2007).</li><li>Wang, J., Ioan-Facsinay, A., vander Voort, E. I. H., Huizinga, T. W., Toes, R. E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Transient+expression+of+FOXP3+in+human+activated+nonregulatory+CD4++T+cells.">Transient expression of FOXP3 in human activated nonregulatory CD4+ T cells.</a> Eur. J. Immunol. 37, 129-138 (2007).</li><li>Josefowicz, S. Z., Rudensky, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Control+of+regulatory+T+cell+lineage+commitment+and+maintenance.">Control of regulatory T cell lineage commitment and maintenance.</a> Immunity. 30, 616-625 (2009).</li><li>Sun, C. M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Small+intestine+lamina+propria+dendritic+cells+promote+de+novo+generation+of+Foxp3+T+reg+cells+via+retinoic+acid.">Small intestine lamina propria dendritic cells promote de novo generation of Foxp3 T reg cells via retinoic acid.</a> J.Exp.Med. 204, 1775-1785 (2007).</li><li>Coombes, J. L., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+functionally+specialized+population+of+mucosal+CD103++DCs+induces+Foxp3++regulatory+T+cells+via+a+TGF-beta+and+retinoic+acid-dependent+mechanism.">A functionally specialized population of mucosal CD103+ DCs induces Foxp3+ regulatory T cells via a TGF-beta and retinoic acid-dependent mechanism.</a> J. Exp. Med. 204, 1757-1764 (2007).</li><li>Kang, S. G., Lim, H. W., Andrisani, O. M., Broxmeyer, H. E., Kim, C. H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Vitamin+A+metabolites+induce+gut-homing+FoxP3++regulatory+T+cells.">Vitamin A metabolites induce gut-homing FoxP3+ regulatory T cells.</a> J. Immunol. 179, 3724-3733 (2007).</li><li>Mucida, D., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Retinoic+acid+can+directly+promote+TGF-beta-mediated+Foxp3(+)+Treg+cell+conversion+of+naive+T+cells.">Retinoic acid can directly promote TGF-beta-mediated Foxp3(+) Treg cell conversion of naive T cells.</a> Immunity. 30, 471-472 (2009).</li><li>Schmidt, A., Eriksson, M., Shang, M. -. M., Weyd, H., Tegn&#233;r, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Comparative+Analysis+of+Protocols+to+Induce+Human+CD4+Foxp3++Regulatory+T+Cells+by+Combinations+of+IL-2,+TGF-beta,+Retinoic+Acid,+Rapamycin+and+Butyrate.">Comparative Analysis of Protocols to Induce Human CD4+Foxp3+ Regulatory T Cells by Combinations of IL-2, TGF-beta, Retinoic Acid, Rapamycin and Butyrate.</a> PloS one. 11 (2), 0148474 (2016).</li><li>Furusawa, Y., Obata, Y. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=regulatory+T+cells.">regulatory T cells.</a> Nature. 504, 446-450 (2013).</li><li>Arpaia, N., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Metabolites+produced+by+commensal+bacteria+promote+peripheral+regulatory+T-cell+generation.">Metabolites produced by commensal bacteria promote peripheral regulatory T-cell generation.</a> Nature. 504, 451-455 (2013).</li><li>Battaglia, M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Rapamycin+promotes+expansion+of+functional+CD4+CD25+FOXP3++regulatory+T+cells+of+both+healthy+subjects+and+type+1+diabetic+patients.">Rapamycin promotes expansion of functional CD4+CD25+FOXP3+ regulatory T cells of both healthy subjects and type 1 diabetic patients.</a> J. Immunol. 177, 8338-8347 (2006).</li><li>Hippen, K. L., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Massive+ex+vivo+expansion+of+human+natural+regulatory+T+cells+(T(regs))+with+minimal+loss+of+in+vivo+functional+activity.">Massive ex vivo expansion of human natural regulatory T cells (T(regs)) with minimal loss of in vivo functional activity.</a> Sci. Transl. Med. 3, 41 (2011).</li><li>Schmidt, A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Human+macrophages+induce+CD4(+)Foxp3(+)+regulatory+T+cells+via+binding+and+re-release+of+TGF-&#946;.">Human macrophages induce CD4(+)Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells via binding and re-release of TGF-&#946;.</a> Immunol cell biol. , (2016).</li><li>Baron, U., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=DNA+demethylation+in+the+human+FOXP3+locus+discriminates+regulatory+T+cells+from+activated+FOXP3(+)+conventional+T+cells.">DNA demethylation in the human FOXP3 locus discriminates regulatory T cells from activated FOXP3(+) conventional T cells.</a> Eur. J. Immunol. 37, 2378-2389 (2007).</li><li>Schmidt, A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Human+regulatory+T+cells+rapidly+suppress+T+cell+receptor-induced+Ca(2+),+NF-kappaB,+and+NFAT+signaling+in+conventional+T+cells.">Human regulatory T cells rapidly suppress T cell receptor-induced Ca(2+), NF-kappaB, and NFAT signaling in conventional T cells.</a> Sci. Signal. 4, 90 (2011).</li><li>Ohkura, N., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=T+cell+receptor+stimulation-induced+epigenetic+changes+and+Foxp3+expression+are+independent+and+complementary+events+required+for+Treg+cell+development.">T cell receptor stimulation-induced epigenetic changes and Foxp3 expression are independent and complementary events required for Treg cell development.</a> Immunity. 37, 785-799 (2012).</li><li>Hill, J. A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Retinoic+acid+enhances+Foxp3+induction+indirectly+by+relieving+inhibition+from+CD4+CD44hi+Cells.">Retinoic acid enhances Foxp3 induction indirectly by relieving inhibition from CD4+CD44hi Cells.</a> Immunity. 29, 758-770 (2008).</li><li>Yang, R., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Hydrogen+Sulfide+Promotes+Tet1-+and+Tet2-Mediated+Foxp3+Demethylation+to+Drive+Regulatory+T+Cell+Differentiation+and+Maintain+Immune+Homeostasis.">Hydrogen Sulfide Promotes Tet1- and Tet2-Mediated Foxp3 Demethylation to Drive Regulatory T Cell Differentiation and Maintain Immune Homeostasis.</a> Immunity. 43 (2), 251-263 (2015).</li><li>Yue, X., Trifari, S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Control+of+Foxp3+stability+through+modulation+of+TET+activity.">Control of Foxp3 stability through modulation of TET activity.</a> The Journal of experimental medicine. 213 (3), 377-397 (2016).</li><li>Sasidharan Nair, V., Song, M. H., Oh, K. I. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Vitamin+C+Facilitates+Demethylation+of+the+Foxp3+Enhancer+in+a+Tet-Dependent+Manner.">Vitamin C Facilitates Demethylation of the Foxp3 Enhancer in a Tet-Dependent Manner.</a> J Immunol. 196 (5), 2119-2131 (2016).</li><li>Geiger, T. L., Tauro, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Nature+and+nurture+in+Foxp3+++regulatory+T+cell+development,+stability,+and+function.">Nature and nurture in Foxp3 + regulatory T cell development, stability, and function.</a> Hum Immunol. 73 (3), 232-239 (2012).</li><li>Gu, J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=TGF-&#946;-induced+CD4+Foxp3++T+cells+attenuate+acute+graft-versus-host+disease+by+suppressing+expansion+and+killing+of+effector+CD8++cells.">TGF-&#946;-induced CD4+Foxp3+ T cells attenuate acute graft-versus-host disease by suppressing expansion and killing of effector CD8+ cells.</a> J Immunol. 193 (7), 3388-3397 (2014).</li><li>Brusko, T. M., Hulme, M. A., Myhr, C. B., Haller, M. J., Atkinson, M. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Assessing+the+In+Vitro+Suppressive+Capacity+of+Regulatory+T+Cells.">Assessing the In Vitro Suppressive Capacity of Regulatory T Cells.</a> Immunol Invest. 36 (5-6), 607-628 (2007).</li><li>McMurchy, A. N., Levings, M. K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Suppression+assays+with+human+T+regulatory+cells:+a+technical+guide.">Suppression assays with human T regulatory cells: a technical guide.</a> Eur J immunol. 42 (1), 27-34 (2012).</li><li>Mutis, T., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Human+regulatory+T+cells+control+xenogeneic+graft-versus-host+disease+induced+by+autologous+T+cells+in+RAG2-/-gammac-/-+immunodeficient+mice.">Human regulatory T cells control xenogeneic graft-versus-host disease induced by autologous T cells in RAG2-/-gammac-/- immunodeficient mice.</a> Clin cancer res. 12 (18), 5520-5525 (2006).</li><li>Tran, D. Q. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=In+vitro+suppression+assay+for+functional+assessment+of+human+regulatory+T+cells.">In vitro suppression assay for functional assessment of human regulatory T cells.</a> Meth mol biol. 979, 199-212 (2013).</li><li>Oberle, N., Eberhardt, N., Falk, C. S., Krammer, P. H., Suri-Payer, E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Rapid+Suppression+of+Cytokine+Transcription+in+Human+CD4+CD25+T+Cells+by+CD4+Foxp3++Regulatory+T+Cells:+Independence+of+IL-2+Consumption,+TGF-beta,+and+Various+Inhibitors+of+TCR+Signaling.">Rapid Suppression of Cytokine Transcription in Human CD4+CD25 T Cells by CD4+Foxp3+ Regulatory T Cells: Independence of IL-2 Consumption, TGF-beta, and Various Inhibitors of TCR Signaling.</a> J. Immunol. 179, 3578-3587 (2007).</li><li>Shevach, E. M., Thornton, A. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=tTregs,+pTregs,+and+iTregs:+similarities+and+differences.">tTregs, pTregs, and iTregs: similarities and differences.</a> Immunol. Rev. 259, 88-102 (2014).</li></ol>

El protocolo descrito permite la inducción robusto de CD4 humano + FOXP3 + iTregs de células T CD4 + vírgenes humanos. Incluye un nuevo protocolo que describimos hace poco, el uso de una combinación de TGF-β, ATRA y rapamicina, para la inducción de iTregs con superiores función supresora in vitro 22. En comparación con otros protocolos publicados, otra ventaja es la inducción de diferentes poblaciones iTreg en paralelo por diferentes protocolos, lo que permite la comparación dire...

Células T reguladoras CD4 + CD25 + FOXP3 + (Tregs) suprimen otras células inmunes y son mediadores críticos de la tolerancia periférica, la autoinmunidad y la prevención de la inflamación excesiva 1. La importancia de las células T reguladoras se ejemplifica por la enfermedad humana y el síndrome ligada al cromosoma X immunodysregulation poliendocrinopatía enteropatía (IPEX), en el que la pérdida de células T reguladoras debido a mutaciones en el `master&#39; factor de transcripción caja forkhead P3 Treg (FOXP3) conduce a la enfermedad autoinmune sistémica grave, letal a una edad temprana. Sin embargo, las células T reguladoras actuar como una espada de doble filo en el sistema inmunológico, ya que también pueden obstaculizar la inmunidad antitumoral en ciertas configuraciones 2. La manipulación terapéutica del número y función de Treg es, por tanto, objeto de numerosas investigaciones clínicas. En el cáncer, agotamiento de las células T reguladoras puede ser deseable y algo de éxito de los enfoques clínicos alienta además a la investigación 3. En las enfermedades autoinmunes e inflamatorias, además de los efectos terapéuticos de células T reguladoras en sevemodelos de enfermedad del ratón ral, los últimos primeros ensayos en el hombre de la transferencia adoptiva de Treg para prevenir la enfermedad injerto contra -host (EICH) 4 - 7 y para evaluar la seguridad en el tratamiento de la diabetes tipo 1 8 mostró resultados muy prometedores. De origen natural Treg (nTregs) comprenden tTregs del timo derivados y pTregs periférica inducida, con funciones esenciales no redundantes en el mantenimiento de salud 9 - 11. Sin embargo, los números nTreg son limitados, fomentando el enfoque complementario de inducir Tregs (iTregs) in vitro a partir precursores de células T ingenuas 12. Aún así la estabilidad de iTregs, presumiblemente debido a la falta de la desmetilación en la llamada región desmetilado Treg-específico (TSDR) en el locus del gen FOXP3 13, sigue siendo una preocupación y varios estudios indican que in vivo inducida por células T reguladoras son más estables 14. Hasta la fecha, FOXP3 sigue siendo la mejor proteína MArker para Tregs pero no es absolutamente específico porque las células CD4 + CD25- T convencionales humanos transitoriamente expresan niveles intermedios de FOXP3 tras la activación 15,16. Aunque se han hecho progresos significativos en el esclarecimiento de la regulación de la expresión de FOXP3, aún queda mucho por descubrir en cuanto a la inducción, la estabilidad y la función de FOXP3 en particular en las células humanas. A pesar de las diferencias a nTregs, in vitro inducida FOXP3 + células T CD4 + se pueden utilizar como un sistema modelo para estudiar los mecanismos moleculares de inducción FOXP3 y como punto de partida para desarrollar protocolos en el futuro que permiten la generación de iTregs que son más similares en el vivo generada células T reguladoras, que podría ser aplicable para las estrategias de transferencia adoptiva en el futuro. No existe un protocolo `standard&#39; oro para inducir iTregs humanos y los protocolos actuales se han desarrollado sobre la base de condiciones que imitan Treg que inducen in vivo: la interleucina 2 (IL-2) Y la señalización de factor de crecimiento transformante β (TGF-β) son cruciales para la inducción FOXP3 in vivo 17, y el ácido trans-retinoico (ATRA) - que se produce in vivo por las células dendríticas asociados al intestino - se utiliza con frecuencia para mejorar la inducción FOXP3 in vitro 18-21. Hemos desarrollado protocolos de Treg inductores humanos adicionales utilizando butirato 22, un ácido graso de cadena corta derivado de la microbiota intestinal que recientemente ha presentado un incremento murino Treg inducción 23,24. También establecimos recientemente un nuevo protocolo para la generación de iTregs con función supresora superior en vitro mediante el uso de una combinación de TGF-β, ATRA y rapamicina 22, siendo este último un objetivo de mamíferos clínicamente aprobado de la rapamicina (mTOR) inhibidor que es conocido por promover FOXP3 de mantenimiento durante la expansión de Treg humanos 25,26. Este método describe la reproducible enla generación in vitro de las células CD4 + humanas FOXP3 + iTregs utilizando un conjunto de condiciones diferentes, y su posterior fenotipificación mediante citometría de flujo y la reacción en cadena de la polimerasa con transcripción inversa cuantitativa (QRT-PCR) para revelar patrones específicos del protocolo de expresión de FOXP3 y otras firmas de moléculas Treg tales como CD25, CTLA-4, EOS, así como la represión de IFN-γ y expresión SATB1 22. Las poblaciones celulares generadas se pueden utilizar para ensayos funcionales respecto a la actividad de supresión o para estudios moleculares, ya sea en relación con los reguladores generales FOXP3 o para estudiar los efectos específicos a ciertos compuestos, tales como butirato o rapamicina. Una mayor comprensión de los mecanismos moleculares que impulsan la diferenciación de Treg es altamente relevante para futuras estrategias terapéuticas en autoinmunidad o cáncer para apuntar específicamente a las moléculas que participan en la generación y la función de Treg.

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="1689">
	<colgroup>
		<col />
		<col />
		<col />
		<col />
	</colgroup>
	<tbody>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:21px;width:501px;">All-trans retinoic acid</td>
			<td style="width:176px;">Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:248px;">R2625-50MG&#160;&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:764px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:21px;">anit-human Foxp3-APC clone 236A/E7</td>
			<td>eBioscience</td>
			<td>17-4777-42</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:21px;">anti-human CD25 microbeads</td>
			<td>Miltenyi Biotec</td>
			<td>130-092-983</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:21px;">anti-human CD25-PE</td>
			<td>Miltenyi Biotec</td>
			<td>130-091-024</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:21px;">anti-human CD28 antibody, LEAF Purified&#160;</td>
			<td>Biolegend</td>
			<td>302914</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:21px;">anti-human CD3 Antibody, LEAF Purified&#160;</td>
			<td>Biolegend</td>
			<td>317315</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:21px;width:501px;">anti-human CD45RA , FITC</td>
			<td>Miltenyi Biotec</td>
			<td style="width:248px;">130-092-247</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:21px;">anti-human CD45RO PE clone UCHL1</td>
			<td>BD Biosciences</td>
			<td>555493</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:21px;">anti-human CD4-PerCP clone SK3; mIgG1</td>
			<td>BD Biosciences</td>
			<td>345770</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:21px;">anti-human CD8-eFluor 450 (clone OKT8), mIgG2a</td>
			<td>eBioscience</td>
			<td>48-0086-42&#160;</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:21px;width:501px;">anti-human CTLA-4 (CD152), clone BNI3, mIgG2ak, Brilliant violet 421</td>
			<td>BD Biosciences</td>
			<td>562743</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:21px;">anti-human IFN-g FITC clone 4S.B3; mIgG1k</td>
			<td>eBioscience</td>
			<td>11-7319-81&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:764px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:21px;width:501px;">Brefeldin A-containing solution: GolgiPlug</td>
			<td>BD Biosciences</td>
			<td>555029</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:21px;width:501px;">cDNA synthesis kit: SuperScript VILO(Reverse transcriptase) cDNA Synthesis Kit</td>
			<td style="width:176px;">Invitrogen</td>
			<td style="width:248px;">11754-250</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:21px;width:501px;">Density centrifugation medium: Ficoll-Paque</td>
			<td style="width:176px;">GE healthcare</td>
			<td style="width:248px;">17-1440-03</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:22px;">DMSO 99,7%</td>
			<td>Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td>D2650-5X5ML</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">FBS, heat inactivated</td>
			<td>Invitrogen</td>
			<td>10082-147</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:21px;">Fixable Viability Dye, eFluor 780&#160;&#160;</td>
			<td>eBioscience</td>
			<td>65-0865-14 or 65-0865-18&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:764px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="36">
			<td height="36" style="height:36px;">Foxp3 Staining Buffer Set</td>
			<td>eBioscience</td>
			<td>00-5523-00&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:764px;">Caution, contains Paraformaldehyde 
			Can be also bought in combined kit with antibody; 77-5774-40 Anti-Human Foxp3 Staining Set APC Clone: 236A/E7 Set&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:21px;">GlutaMAX (200 mM L-alanyl-L-glutamine)</td>
			<td>Invitrogen</td>
			<td>35050-061</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:21px;">human naive CD4 T cell isolation kit II</td>
			<td>Miltenyi Biotec</td>
			<td>130-094-131</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td align="left" height="20" style="height:21px;"><img alt="nojavascript&amp;WT,nojavascript&amp;WT,nojavascript&amp;WT,nojavascript&amp;WT" height="1" src="file:///C:/Users/DAVIDK~1/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image002.png" width="2" />
			<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
				<tbody>
					<tr>
						<td height="20" style="height:21px;width:501px;">human naive CD4 T cell isolation kit II</td>
					</tr>
				</tbody>
			</table>
			</td>
			<td align="left"><img alt="nojavascript&amp;WT,nojavascript&amp;WT,nojavascript&amp;WT,nojavascript&amp;WT,nojavascript&amp;WT,nojavascript&amp;WT,nojavascript&amp;WT,nojavascript&amp;WT,nojavascript&amp;WT,nojavascript&amp;WT,nojavascript&amp;WT,nojavascript&amp;WT" height="1" src="file:///C:/Users/DAVIDK~1/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image004.png" width="1" />
			<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
				<tbody>
					<tr>
						<td height="20" style="height:21px;width:176px;">Miltenyi Biotec</td>
					</tr>
				</tbody>
			</table>
			</td>
			<td>130-094-131</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:21px;">Human serum albumin 50 g/l</td>
			<td>Baxter</td>
			<td>1501057</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:21px;">Ionomycin from Streptomyces conglobatus &#62;98%</td>
			<td style="width:176px;">Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td>I9657-1MG</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:21px;">MACS LS-columns</td>
			<td>Miltenyi Biotec</td>
			<td>130-042-401</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:21px;width:501px;">mouse IgG1 K Isotype Control APC Clone: P3.6.2.8.1&#160;</td>
			<td>eBioscience</td>
			<td>17-4714-42&#160;</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:21px;">mouse IgG1 K Isotype Control FITC 50 ug&#160;</td>
			<td>eBioscience</td>
			<td>11-4714-81&#160;</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:21px;width:501px;">mouse IgG2a isotype control, Brilliant violet 421, clone MOPC-173</td>
			<td>BD Biosciences</td>
			<td>563464</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:21px;">Pasteur pipet plastic, individually packed</td>
			<td>Sarstedt</td>
			<td>86.1172.001&#160;&#160;</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:21px;">PMA PHORBOL 12-MYRISTATE 13-ACETATE</td>
			<td>Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td>P1585-1MG&#160;</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:21px;">Rapamycin</td>
			<td>EMD (Merck)</td>
			<td>553210-100UG</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:21px;">Recombinant Human IL-2, CF</td>
			<td>R&#38;D</td>
			<td>202-IL-050/CF</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:21px;width:501px;">Recombinant Human TGF-beta 1, CF</td>
			<td>RnD</td>
			<td>240-B-010/CF</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:21px;">RNA isolation kit: RNAqueous-Micro Kit</td>
			<td style="width:176px;">Ambion</td>
			<td>AM1931&#160;&#160;</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:21px;">RPMI 1640 Medium&#160;</td>
			<td>Invitrogen</td>
			<td>72400-054&#160;</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:21px;">Sodium butyrate</td>
			<td>Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td>B5887-250MG&#160;</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:21px;">T cell culture medium: X-Vivo 15 medium, with gentamicin+phenolred</td>
			<td>Lonza</td>
			<td>04-418Q</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:21px;">TaqMan Gene Expression Assay, FOXP3 (Best Coverage)&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:176px;">Applied Biosystems</td>
			<td style="width:248px;">4331182; assay ID: Hs01085834_m1</td>
			<td>Caution, contains Paraformaldehyde</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:21px;">TaqMan Gene Expression Assay, RPL13A (Best Coverage)</td>
			<td style="width:176px;">Applied Biosystems</td>
			<td>4351370; assay ID: Hs04194366_g1&#160;&#160;</td>
			<td>Caution, contains Paraformaldehyde</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:501px;">TaqMan Gene Expression Master mix</td>
			<td style="width:176px;">Applied Biosystems</td>
			<td style="width:248px;">4369514</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

in vitro differentiation of human cd4+foxp3+ induced regulatory t cells (itregs) from na&#239;ve cd4+ t cells using a tgf-&#946;-containing protocol

Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are an integral part of peripheral tolerance, suppressing immune reactions against self-structures and thus preventing autoimmune diseases. Clinical approaches to adoptively transfer Tregs, or to deplete Tregs in cancer, are underway with promising first outcomes. 
Because the number of naturally occurring Tregs (nTregs) is very limited, studying certain Treg features using in vitro induced Tregs (iTregs) can be advantageous. To date, the best although not absolutely specific protein marker to delineate Tregs is the transcription factor FOXP3. Despite the importance of Tregs including non-redundant roles of peripherally induced Tregs, the protocols to generate iTregs are currently controversial, particularly for human cells. This protocol therefore describes the in vitro differentiation of human CD4+FOXP3+ iTregs from human na&#239;ve T cells using a range of Treg-inducing factors (TGF-&#946; plus IL-2 only, or their combination with retinoic acid, rapamycin or butyrate) in parallel. It also describes the phenotyping of these cells by flow cytometry and qRT-PCR. 
These protocols result in reproducible expression of FOXP3 and other Treg signature genes and enable the study of general FOXP3-regulatory mechanisms as well as protocol-specific effects to delineate the impact of certain factors. iTregs can be utilized to study various phenotypic aspects as well as molecular mechanisms of Treg induction. Detailed molecular studies are facilitated by relatively large cell numbers that can be obtained. 
A limitation for the application of iTregs is the relative instability of FOXP3 expression in these cells compared to nTregs. iTregs generated by these protocols can also be used for functional assays such as studying their suppressive function, in which iTregs induced by TGF-&#946; plus retinoic acid and rapamycin display superior suppressive activity. However, the suppressive capacity of iTregs can differ from nTregs and the use of appropriate controls is crucial.

La Figura 1 muestra un esquema de la configuración experimental. La Figura 2 muestra una tinción de control de pureza representativo de las células T CD4 + vírgenes magnéticamente aisladas y nTregs. FIGURA 3A muestra la citometría de flujo gating estrategia y la Figura 3B muestra representativa FOXP3 y CD25 citometría de flujo coloraciones en...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about In Vitro Differentiation of Human CD4+FOXP3+ Induced Regulatory T Cells iTregs from NaÃƒÂ¯ve CD4+ T Cells Using a TGF-ÃŽÂ²-containing Protocol at JoVE.com

In Vitro Differentiation of Human CD4+FOXP3+ Induced Regulatory T Cells iTregs from NaÃƒÆ’Ã†'Ãƒâ€šÃ‚Â¯ve CD4+ T Cells Using a TGF-ÃƒÆ’Ã…Â½Ãƒâ€šÃ‚Â²-containing Protocol

Este protocolo describe la generación reproducible y el fenotipo de las células T reguladoras inducidas por el hombre (iTregs) a partir de células T CD4 + vírgenes in vitro. Diferentes protocolos de inducción FOXP3 permiten el estudio de los fenotipos iTreg específicos obtenidos con los protocolos respectivos.

Diferenciación in vitro de las células CD4 + humano FOXP3 + células T reguladoras (Induced iTregs) de T naive CD4 + células utilizando un protocolo de TGF-β que contienen

Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are an integral part of peripheral tolerance, suppressing immune reactions against self-structures and thus preventing ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Immunology and Infection

In Vitro Differentiation of Human CD4+FOXP3+ Induced Regulatory T Cells (iTregs) from Na&#239;ve CD4+ T Cells Using a TGF-&#946;-containing Protocol

Retroviral Transduction of T-cell Receptors in Mouse T-cells

Transducción retroviral de receptores de células T en ratones las células T

T-cell receptors (TCRs) play a central role in the immune system. TCRs on T-cell surfaces can specifically recognize peptide antigens presented by antigen ...

Investigación

Inmunología e Infección

Generation of Induced Regulatory T Cells from Primary Human Na&iuml;ve and Memory T Cells

Generation of Induced Regulatory T Cells from Primary Human NaÃƒÆ’Ã‚Â¯ve and Memory T Cells

La generación de células T reguladoras inducidas de células humanas primarias T vírgenes y de memoria

The development and maintenance of immunosuppressive CD4+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) contribute to the peripheral tolerance needed to remain in ...

Directed Differentiation of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells towards T Lymphocytes

Diferenciación dirigida de células madre pluripotentes inducidas hacia los linfocitos T

Adoptive cell transfer (ACT) of antigen-specific CD8+  cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) is a promising treatment for a variety of  malignancies 1. CTLs can  ...

piggyBac Transposon System Modification of Primary Human T Cells

piggyBac Transposon System Modification of Primary Human T Cells

piggyBac Transposón modificación del sistema de células T humanas primarias

The piggyBac transposon system is naturally active, originally derived from the cabbage looper moth1,2. This non-viral system is plasmid based, most ...

New Tools to Expand Regulatory T Cells from HIV-1-infected Individuals

Nuevas herramientas para expandir células T reguladoras de las personas VIH-1-infected

CD4+ Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are potent immune modulators and serve an important function in human immune homeostasis. Depletion of Tregs has led to ...

Adenoviral Transduction of Naive CD4 T Cells to Study Treg Differentiation

La transducción adenoviral de células T CD4 + naïve a estudiar la diferenciación Treg

Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are essential to provide immune tolerance to self as well as to certain foreign antigens. Tregs can be generated from naive CD4 ...

Isolation and Th17 Differentiation of Na&iuml;ve CD4 T Lymphocytes

Isolation and Th17 Differentiation of NaÃƒÆ’Ã‚Â¯ve CD4 T Lymphocytes

Aislamiento y diferenciación de Th17 Naïve linfocitos T CD4

Th17 cells are a distinct subset of T cells that have been found to produce interleukin 17 (IL-17), and differ in function from the other T cell subsets ...

Assessing the Innate Sensing of HIV-1 Infected CD4+ T Cells by Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells Using an Ex vivo Co-culture System.

Assessing the Innate Sensing of HIV-1 Infected CD4+ T Cells by Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells Using an Ex vivo Co-culture System.

La evaluación de la innata de detección de VIH-1 CD4 infectados<sup&gt; +</sup&gt; Células T por las células dendríticas plasmocitoides Usando un<em&gt; Ex vivo</em&gt; Co-cultura del sistema.

HIV-1 innate sensing requires direct contact of infected CD4+ T cells with plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs). In order to study this process, the ...

Derivation of T Cells In Vitro from Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells

Derivation of T Cells In Vitro from Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells

Derivación de células T<em&gt; In Vitro</em&gt; De células madre embrionarias de ratón

The OP9/OP9-DL1 co-culture system has become a well-established method for deriving differentiated blood cell types from embryonic and hematopoietic ...

Generation of Human Alloantigen-specific T Cells from Peripheral Blood

Generación de células T humanas aloantígeno-específicos de la sangre periférica

The study of human T lymphocyte biology often involves examination of responses to activating ligands. T cells recognize and respond to processed peptide ...