Name: inkjet-printed polyvinyl alcohol multilayers
Uploaded: 2017-05-11T13:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Inkjet-printed Polyvinyl Alcohol Multilayers at JoVE.com

作者要感谢Innovate UK为DIRECT （33417-239227）和PCAP （27508-196153）项目提供资助。作者还要感谢PVOH聚合物有限公司在这项工作期间提供材料和专业指导，以及联合利华，阿克苏诺贝尔和卡洛技术塑料公司的支持。

油墨配方<ol><li>通过将聚乙烯醇（8重量％PVOH在水中）溶解在加热至60℃的纯净水中来制备IJP溶液。 </li><li>在溶液中加入10克单丙二醇（MPG）（10重量％单丙二醇在水中）作为保湿剂。 注意：保湿剂的作用是防止打印头堵塞。 </li><li>将溶液搅拌数小时以确保均匀性，然后通过5μm过滤器过滤，以除去可能堵塞喷嘴的任何颗粒物。 </li><li>视觉评估油墨的均匀性，特别是任何沉淀物的发生。如果?...

<ol>
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在这项工作中，我们成功地展示了喷墨印刷技术沉积聚合物多层膜的能力。研究了流变行为，实验结果表明配方油墨显示假塑性剪切稀化行为。此外，PVOH油墨是中性溶液（pH7），并且随时间显示出良好的稳定性。值得注意的是，成功证明IJP技术能够生产聚乙烯醇多层结构，但需要进一步改善印刷覆盖和整体质量。 此外，为了提高印刷图案的精度，需要更好地了解油墨和基板?...

聚乙烯醇是半结晶的，人造的，无毒的，水溶性的，不溶于大多数有机溶剂，可生物降解和生物相容的人体组织，具有优异的阻气性1 。此外，由于其许多有用的性质，PVOH被广泛应用于大量的应用中。如今，PVOH用于清洁和洗涤剂产品的制造，食品包装行业，水处理，纺织，农业和建筑（作为添加剂） 1 。然而，PVOH最近吸引了越来越多的药物用途2 （ 即药物递送）和医疗应用3,4 （ 例如伤口敷料，软性隐形眼镜，滴眼剂和用于软骨置换的软植入物）的关注。 PVOH膜通过熔体或溶液形式生产。熔融加工是相容只能用具有低水解度的PVOH或大量增塑的PVOH。因此，当使用该途径时，可以牺牲一些性质1 。另一方面，PVOH层可以通过溶液形式通过滴注5 ，旋涂6或静电纺丝7沉积。然而，这些方法在不想要的材料的浪费方面有许多限制。例如，在旋涂的情况下，已经报道8，95％的材料被浪费了。此外，这些方法在设计/特征（无图案化能力）方面是相当刚性的，并且具有高的总体处理成本。为了克服常规溶液处理的局限性，我们在这里探讨喷墨印刷技术提供了一种新型平台来生产对材料和应用都有很大影响的聚乙烯醇（PVOH）多层结构的潜力反思观点。 制造业的最新发展集中在廉价，简单，环保和节能的过程。喷墨印刷（IJP）是一种现代化的制造工艺，完全符合该框架。 IJP技术的主要优点是材料使用的效率，数字（无掩模）和添加剂图案化，大面积能力，与刚性/柔性基板的兼容性以及低成本。 IJP是使用分散在溶剂中的聚合材料的沉积方法。迄今为止，功能性聚合物-9 ，陶瓷-10 ，导电纳米材料-11，2D- 12 ，生物学和药学上的13种材料已经成功沉积。最近有报道说，IJP参与了作为电子设备一部分的组件的沉积，例如晶体管14 ，传感器15 ，太阳能电池16和存储器装置17以及电子封装18 。 墨水，墨盒和基材在印刷过程中使用同样重要的组分。首先，油墨的物理性质，如表面张力和流变特性（ 即剪切粘度）对印刷适应性行为有显着的影响。此外，pH在溶液（ 例如干燥，发泡和粘度）以及IJP打印碳粉盒的使用寿命上起着重要的作用。第二，对于墨盒（压电），驱动电压波形实际上限定了液滴形成以及液体射流的方向性和均匀性。最后，油墨/基材的相互作用是非常清楚的，因为分辨率和精度的打印对象很大程度上取决于这个接口。溶剂蒸发，从液体到固体的相变以及化学反应是在液滴和底物之间发生的主要过程。 Hutchings 19和Derby 20的评论文章都强调了IJP涉及的所有方面，从墨水属性到降解/底物机制。 在本研究中，我们探讨了IJP制造聚乙烯醇多层膜的能力。首先，研究了PVOH水性油墨的主要物理性质，如流变行为，表面张力和pH值。在这项工作中，采用压电喷墨打印机，然后识别合适的波形参数。印刷PVOH多层膜，通过光学显微镜评估质量和表面/厚度曲线。

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="573">
	<tbody>
		<tr height="63">
			<td height="63" style="height:63px;width:216px;">Polyvinyl alcohol&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:71px;">PVOH Polymers Ltd, UK</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">Poval 4-88</td>
			<td style="width:167px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="63">
			<td height="63" style="height:63px;">Mono-propylene glycol&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:71px;">Sigma Aldrich, UK</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">W29004</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:216px;">DV2T viscometer&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:71px;">Brookfield, UK</td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="63">
			<td height="63" style="height:63px;width:216px;">Attension Theta Optical Tensiometer&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:71px;">Biolin Scientific, Sweden</td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="63">
			<td height="63" style="height:63px;width:216px;">HANNA pH meter&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:71px;">HANNA Instruments, UK</td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="63">
			<td height="63" style="height:63px;width:216px;">industrial Inkjet XYPrint100Z</td>
			<td style="width:71px;">Industrial Inkjet Ltd, UK</td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:216px;">ContourGT-K 3D optical microscope&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:71px;">Bruker Corp, USA</td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

inkjet-printed polyvinyl alcohol multilayers

喷墨印刷是聚合物加工的现代方法，在这项工作中，我们证明该技术能够生产聚乙烯醇（PVOH）多层结构。配制聚乙烯醇水溶液。研究了油墨的固有性质，如表面张力，粘度，pH值和时间稳定性。 PVOH基油墨是中性溶液（pH7.7），表面张力为39.3mN / m，粘度为7.5cP。油墨在低剪切速率下显示假塑性（非牛顿剪切变稀）行为，总体而言，表现出良好的时间稳定性。研究了油墨在不同基材上的润湿性，并且在该特定情况下，将玻璃鉴定为最合适的底物。专有的3D喷墨打印机被用于制造聚合物多层结构。通过光学显微镜评估喷墨印刷多层的形态，表面形貌和厚度均匀性。

研究了PVOH水性油墨的物理性质，如表面张力，粘度/流变行为，pH值，润湿性和时间稳定性。该工作中使用的油墨的粘度为7.5cP，表面张力为39.3mN / m。另外，配制的油墨是中性的（pH7），结果总结在表1中 。 <table border="1" fo:keep-together.within-page="1" fo:keep-with-next.within-page="always"><tbody><tr><td> 墨水 </td><td colspan="3"> 表面张力（mN / m） </td><t...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Inkjet-printed Polyvinyl Alcohol Multilayers at JoVE.com

Inkjet-printed Polyvinyl Alcohol Multilayers

使用喷墨打印机制造聚乙烯醇多层膜。配制聚乙烯醇水性油墨，研究其主要物理性能。

喷墨印刷聚乙烯醇多层

Inkjet printing is a modern method for polymer processing, and in this work, we demonstrate that this technology is capable of producing polyvinyl alcohol ...

The overall goal of this procedure is to manufacture polyvinyl alcohol multilayers using inkjet printing methods. Inkjet printing is a flexible and efficient, free printing technology that enables us to manufacture complex 3D structures in multiple materials. The main advantages of this technique are the efficiency in material use, digital and additive partnering, noncontact process, compatibility with many materials in substrate, room temperature deposition, high speed and low cost fabrication.To begin this procedure, heat a beaker of purified water to 60 degrees Celsius. Add polyvinyl alcohol such that the final weight percentage of polyvinyl alcohol in solution is 8%Then add monopropylene glycol such that its final weight percentage in solution is 10%Stir the solution for six to eight hours to ensure homogeneity. After this, filter the solution through a five micrometer filter.Visually assess the ink for homogeneity and signs of sedimentation. Characterize the ink as outlined in the text protocol. Next, thoroughly clean the glass substrate, first with acetone and then with deionized water.Using a nitrogen spray gun, dry the wash substrate. Load the substrate onto the print bed and secure it firmly. Flush ink through the print head to remove any air or cleaning solution from the reservoir and nozzles.After this, load the cartridge into the printer. Connect the print head to the GIS print manager via the head personality board. Load the ink solution into the 150 milliliter syringe situated above the cartridge.Seal the syringe with an air tight cap. Next, press the purge button to purge the ink through the nozzle. After setting up the wave form and printing parameters, load the desired image for printing.Start the digital process and print the image pattern onto the substrate. Then, analyze the printed pattern as outlined in the text protocol. In this study, the physical properties of PVOH water based ink are investigated.The reological behavior is examined by measuring the viscosity as a function of shear rate. The viscosity is seen to decrease with increasing shear rate, which suggests the ink displays pseudoplastic shear thinning behavior. The ink's stability is then tested by measuring the viscosity and pH as a function of time over 30 days.The average viscosity is 7.76 centipoys while the average pH is 6.71, which reveals that the ink is very stable over time. The wetting behavior of the ink is then investigated. As can be seen, the PVOH ink demonstrates a good level of wettability with the first contact contact angle of 54.5 degrees.A slight decrease in the contact angle is then observed for the first 25 seconds after which it stabilizes. An optical micrograph of the inkjet printing with 10 layers of printing passes shows a number of defects generated by the ring coffee stain effect. However, the quality is seen to improve significantly with 75 layers of printing passes.This may be the result of a shift in solvent evaporation rate and the change in interface interaction between the additional overlapping layers. After watching this video, you should have a good understanding of how to formulate an ink and about all steps required to paint the pot in using an additive layer manufacturing method called ink jet printing. Overall, our goal was to explore the potential of ink jet printing technology to provide another platform for producing polyvinyl alcohol multilayers.The interest for many industry sectors has gained momentum for this technology. We now have the ability to dose actives in a precise multilayer structure while protecting the consumer or the active with a soluble protective eight of barrier layer.

inkjet-printed-polyvinyl-alcohol-multilayers

Research

JoVE Journal

Engineering

Artificial Thermal Ageing of Polyester Reinforced and Polyvinyl Chloride Coated Technical Fabric

Architectural fabric AF9032 has been subjected to artificial thermal ageing to determine changes of the material parameters of the fabric. The proposed method is based on the accelerated ageing approach proposed by Arrhenius. 300 mm x 50 mm samples were cut in the warp and fill directions and placed in a thermal chamber at 80 &#176;C for up to 12 weeks or at 90 &#176;C for up to 6 weeks. Then after one week of conditioning at ambient temperature, the samples were uniaxially tensioned at a constant strain rate. Experimentally, the parameters were determined for the non-linear elastic (linear piecewise) and viscoplastic (Bodner&#8211;Partom) models. Changes in these parameters were studied with respect to the ageing temperature and ageing period. In both cases, the linear approximation function was successfully applied using the simplified methodology of Arrhenius. A correlation was obtained for the fill direction between experimental results and the results from the Arrhenius approach. For the warp direction, the extrapolation results exhibited some differences. Increasing and decreasing tendencies have been observed at both temperatures. The Arrhenius law was confirmed by the experimental results only for the fill direction. The proposed method makes it possible to predict real fabric behavior during long term exploitation, which is a critical issue in the design process.

Here, we simulate accelerated thermal ageing of technical fabric and see how this ageing process influences the mechanical properties of the fabric.

聚酯增强和聚氯乙烯涂层技术织物的人工热老化

Architectural fabric AF9032 has been subjected to artificial thermal ageing to determine changes of the material parameters of the fabric. The proposed ...