Name: analysis of cap-binding proteins in human cells exposed to physiological oxygen conditions
Uploaded: 2016-12-28T15:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Analysis of Cap-binding Proteins in Human Cells Exposed to Physiological Oxygen Conditions at JoVE.com

This work was supported by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Council of Canada and the Ontario Ministry of Research and Innovation.

細胞培養のための1.準備<ol><li>ヒト細胞の市販の株式を購入します。 注：このプロトコルは、HCT116結腸直腸癌および初代ヒト腎近位尿細管上皮細胞（HRPTEC）を利用します。 </li><li> HCT116の培養のための500ミリリットルの媒体を作る：ダルベッコ改変イーグル培地（DMEM）/ 7.5％ウシ胎児血清（FBS）および1％ペニシリン/ストレプトマイシン（P / S）を補充した高グルコース培地。 </li><li> HRPT...

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生理的酸素条件に曝露したヒト細胞中でのキャップ結合タンパク質の分析は、新規な酸素調節翻訳開始因子の同定を可能にすることができます。 mRNA又は他のキャップ結合タンパク質の5 &#39;キャップのためのこれらの因子の親和性がm 7 GTP結合アガロースビーズへの関連の強さを測定することができます。この技術の一つの注意点は、それがタンパク質ポスト溶解のキャップ結合能を?...

翻訳制御は、特に細胞ストレス1の期間中に、遺伝子発現の転写調節にも等しく重要なステップとして浮上しています。翻訳制御の焦点は、タンパク質合成の最初のステップは7-メチルに真核生物の開始因子4E（のeIF4E）の結合を伴う開始の律速段階（メートル7 GTP）のmRNA 2の5 &#39;キャップであります。 eIF4EはeIF4A、RNAヘリカーゼ、およびeIF4Gを、他の翻訳因子と40Sは3リボソームの募集に必要な足場タンパク質を含んでeIF4Fという名前の三量体複合体の一部です。正常な生理的条件下では、mRNAの大半はキャップ依存性機構を介して翻訳されていますが、細胞ストレスの期間の下で人間のmRNAの約10％が1,4- intiationキャップ非依存性翻訳される可能性があり5&#39;UTRを含まれています。キャップ依存性翻訳は、歴史的に同義語となっていますOUのeIF4Fで、しかし、eIF4Fのストレス固有のバリエーションが話題に5-8となっています。 様々な細胞ストレスはのeIF4E活性がラパマイシン複合体1（mTORC1）の哺乳類標的を介して抑制させます。このキナーゼは、その目標の一つ、4E結合タンパク質（4E-BP）の活性の増加をもたらすストレス、下損なわれる。非リン酸化4E-BPはのeIF4EとブロックのeIF4Gは、キャップ依存性翻訳9,10の抑制を引き起こすと相互作用する能力に特異的に結合します。興味深いことに、eIF4E2（または4EHP）という名前のeIF4Eのホモログは、おそらく、それがストレス媒介抑制を回避することができ、4E-BP 11のためのはるかに低い親和性を有します。確かに、最初は原因のeIF4G 12との相互作用の欠如への翻訳のリプレッサーとして特徴づけ、eIF4E2は、低酸素ストレス6,13の間にそれらの3 &#39;UTR中のRNAの低酸素応答エレメントを含むmRNAの何百もの翻訳を開始します。この活性化IeIF4G3、RNA結合タンパク質モチーフ4、および低酸素誘導因子、低酸素eIF4F複合体を構成する（HIF）2α、またはeIF4F H 6,13との相互作用を介して達成秒。通常の条件下ではリプレッサーとして、eIF4E2はGIGYF2とZNF598 14と結合します。これらの複合体は、部分的には、アガロース結合M 7 GTPの親和性樹脂を介して同定されました。この古典的な方法15は、翻訳の分野における標準であり、最高の、最も一般的にプルダウンでキャップ結合複合体を単離するための技術を使用し、in vitroでの結合アッセイ16-19です。キャップ依存性翻訳機構の間に変化する部分6-8,13のように柔軟で適応浮上しているように、この方法は急速にストレス応答に関与する新規キャップ結合タンパク質を同定するための強力なツールです。いくつかの真核生物のモデル系は、このようなストレス応答のためeIF4E2ホモログを使用するように見えるようさらに、eIF4Fの変動は、広い意味を持っている可能性がシロイヌナズナ 20として、S.ポンベ 21は 、Dは 22 ショウジョウバエ 、およびCは 23 エレガンス 。 証拠は、eIF4Fの変動がストレス条件に厳密に限定されないが、通常の生理24に関与することを示唆しています。 （微小電極を介して測定）（キャピラリー端で）または組織内の組織への酸素供給は、脳25で2から6パーセントから変化し、肺26内の百分の3から12まで、腸27、4％でで3.5から6パーセント肝臓28、腎臓29内の7から12までパーセント、筋肉30で4％、および骨髄31で6から7パーセント。細胞およびミトコンドリアは、1.3％未満の酸素32を含んでいます 。これらの値は、細胞が日常的に培養される周囲の空気よりも低酸素状態に非常に近いです。これは、どのような以前に低酸素症特異的な細胞過程であると考えられたが、生理的環境の中で関連するかもしれないことを示唆しています。興味深いことに、eIF4FとeIF4F H </suP&gt;積極的に生理学的な酸素または「physioxia」24に露出し、いくつかの異なるヒト細胞株におけるmRNAの異なるプールまたはクラスの翻訳開始に関与します。低酸素はまた、適切な胎児の発育33を駆動し、細胞は、一般physioxia 34においてより高い増殖速度、より長い寿命、より少ないDNA損傷の少ない一般的なストレス応答を持っています。したがって、eIF4F Hは、おそらく生理的条件下で、選択遺伝子の発現の重要な要因です。 ここでは、固定された生理的酸素条件や組織の微小環境の可能性が高い、より代表的であるダイナミック変動範囲内の培養細胞へのプロトコルを提供します。この方法の一つの利点は、細胞が低酸素ワークステーション内に溶解されることです。細胞溶解に低酸素細胞培養物からの遷移は、他のプロトコルで実行される頻度は明らかではありません。細胞は、多くの場合、最初の小さな低酸素培養器から除去されること酸素に対する細胞応答が速いようフォア溶解するが、酸素へのこの暴露は35（1または2分）生化学的経路に影響を与える可能性があります。特定のキャップ結合タンパク質が第2の基地との相互作用を必要とするか、またはメートル7 GTPを加水分解することができ、したがって、いくつかのキャップ相互作用は、精製プロセスにおいて見落とされる可能性があります。アガロース結合酵素耐性キャップ類似体には、このプロトコルで置換されていてもよいです。ここに記載の方法によりeIF4F HとeIF4Fの他のバリエーションの活性および組成を探ることは、細胞が生理的条件やストレス応答の際に利用する複雑な遺伝子発現機械に光を当てるます。

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="901">
	<tbody>
		<tr height="26">
			<td height="26" style="height:26px;width:380px;">&#947;-aminophenyl-m7GTP agarose C10-linked beads</td>
			<td style="width:151px;">Jena Bioscience</td>
			<td style="width:165px;">AC-1555</td>
			<td style="width:205px;">Agarose-linked m7GTP</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">100 mm culture dish</td>
			<td>Corning</td>
			<td>877222</td>
			<td>10-cm culture dish</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">150 mm culture dish</td>
			<td>Thermofisher</td>
			<td>130183</td>
			<td>15-cm culture dish</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">AEBSF Hydrochloride</td>
			<td>ACROS Organics</td>
			<td>A0356829</td>
			<td>AEBSF</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Agarose Beads</td>
			<td>Jena Bioscience&#160;</td>
			<td>AC-0015</td>
			<td>Agarose bead control</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Bromophenol Blue</td>
			<td>Fisher</td>
			<td>BP112-25</td>
			<td>Component of SDS-PAGE loading buffer</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">1.5 mL Centrifuge Tubes</td>
			<td>FroggaBio</td>
			<td>1210-00S</td>
			<td>Used to centrifuge small volumes</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">15 mL Conical Centrifuge Tubes</td>
			<td>Fisher</td>
			<td>1495970C</td>
			<td>Used in culturing primary cells</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Defined trypsin inhibitor</td>
			<td>Fisher</td>
			<td>R007100</td>
			<td>DTI</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Dithiothreital</td>
			<td>Fisher</td>
			<td>BP172-25</td>
			<td>DTT</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Epithelial cell medium (complete kit)</td>
			<td>ScienCell</td>
			<td>4101</td>
			<td>Includes serum and growth factor supplements)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Glycerol</td>
			<td>Fisher</td>
			<td>BP229-1</td>
			<td>Component of SDS-PAGE loading buffer</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">100 mM Guanosine 5&#39;-triphosphate, 1 mL</td>
			<td>Jena Bioscience</td>
			<td>272076-0251M</td>
			<td>GTP</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">HCT116 colorectal carcinoma</td>
			<td>ATCC</td>
			<td>CCL-247</td>
			<td>Human cancer cell line</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Human renal proximal tubular epithelial cells</td>
			<td>ATCC</td>
			<td>PCS-400-010</td>
			<td>HRPTEC</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Hyclone DMEM/High Glucose</td>
			<td>GE Life Sciences</td>
			<td>SH30022.01</td>
			<td>Standard media for human cell culture</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Hyclone Penicillin-Streptomycin solution</td>
			<td>GE Life Sciences</td>
			<td>SV30010</td>
			<td>Antibiotic component of DMEM</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">H35 HypOxystation</td>
			<td>Hypoxygen</td>
			<td>N/A</td>
			<td>Hypoxia workstation</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Igepal CA-630</td>
			<td>MP Biomedicals</td>
			<td>2198596</td>
			<td>Detergent component of lysis buffer</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="24">
			<td height="24" style="height:24px;">Monopotassium phosphate</td>
			<td>Fisher</td>
			<td>P288-500</td>
			<td>KH2PO4</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="25">
			<td height="25" style="height:25px;">Potassium chloride</td>
			<td>Fisher</td>
			<td>P217-500</td>
			<td>KCl</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="25">
			<td height="25" style="height:25px;">Magnesium chloride</td>
			<td>Fisher</td>
			<td>M33-500</td>
			<td>MgCl2</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Sodium chloride</td>
			<td>Fisher</td>
			<td>BP358-10</td>
			<td>NaCl</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Sodium fluoride</td>
			<td>Fisher</td>
			<td>5299-100</td>
			<td>NaF (phosphatase inhibitor component of lysis buffer)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="25">
			<td height="25" style="height:25px;">Disodium phosphate</td>
			<td>Fisher</td>
			<td>5369-500</td>
			<td>Na2HPO4</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Premium Grade Fetal Bovine Serum</td>
			<td>Seradigm</td>
			<td>1500-500</td>
			<td>FBS</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Protease Inhibitor Cocktail (100 x)</td>
			<td>Cell Signalling</td>
			<td>58715</td>
			<td>Component of lysis buffer</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate</td>
			<td>Fisher</td>
			<td>BP166-100</td>
			<td>SDS</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="26">
			<td height="26" style="height:26px;">Sodium Orthovanadate</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>56508</td>
			<td>Na3VO4</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Tris Base</td>
			<td>Fisher</td>
			<td>BP152-5</td>
			<td>Component of buffers</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">0.05% Trypsin-EDTA (1x)</td>
			<td>Life Technologies</td>
			<td>2500-067</td>
			<td>Trypsin used to detach adherent cells</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

analysis of cap-binding proteins in human cells exposed to physiological oxygen conditions

Translational control is a focal point of gene regulation, especially during periods of cellular stress. Cap-dependent translation via the eIF4F complex is by far the most common pathway to initiate protein synthesis in eukaryotic cells, but stress-specific variations of this complex are now emerging. Purifying cap-binding proteins with an affinity resin composed of Agarose-linked m7GTP (a 5' mRNA cap analog) is a useful tool to identify factors involved in the regulation of translation initiation. Hypoxia (low oxygen) is a cellular stress encountered during fetal development and tumor progression, and is highly dependent on translation regulation. Furthermore, it was recently reported that human adult organs have a lower oxygen content (physioxia 1-9% oxygen) that is closer to hypoxia than the ambient air where cells are routinely cultured. With the ongoing characterization of a hypoxic eIF4F complex (eIF4FH), there is increasing interest in understanding oxygen-dependent translation initiation through the 5' mRNA cap. We have recently developed a human cell culture method to analyze cap-binding proteins that are regulated by oxygen availability. This protocol emphasizes that cell culture and lysis be performed in a hypoxia workstation to eliminate exposure to oxygen. Cells must be incubated for at least 24 hr for the liquid media to equilibrate with the atmosphere within the workstation. To avoid this limitation, pre-conditioned media (de-oxygenated) can be added to cells if shorter time points are required. Certain cap-binding proteins require interactions with a second base or can hydrolyze the m7GTP, therefore some cap interactors may be missed in the purification process. Agarose-linked to enzymatically resistant cap analogs may be substituted in this protocol. This method allows the user to identify novel oxygen-regulated translation factors involved in cap-dependent translation.

メートル7 GTPアフィニティーカラムでのeIF4EとeIF4E2の酸素に応答したキャップ結合能の解析 Fのigure 1及び結腸直腸癌において、初代ヒト腎近位尿細管上皮細胞（HRPTEC）（： 図1および2は、2つのヒト細胞株中での酸素の変動に応じて二つの主要なキャップ結合タンパク...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Analysis of Cap-binding Proteins in Human Cells Exposed to Physiological Oxygen Conditions at JoVE.com

Analysis of Cap-binding Proteins in Human Cells Exposed to Physiological Oxygen Conditions

Here, we present human cell culture protocols to analyze translation initiation factors that bind the 5' cap of mRNA during physiological oxygen conditions. This method utilizes an Agarose-linked m7GTP cap analog and is suitable to investigate cap-binding factors and their interacting partners.

生理的酸素条件に曝露されたヒト細胞におけるキャップ結合タンパク質の解析

Translational control is a focal point of gene regulation, especially during periods of cellular stress. Cap-dependent translation via the eIF4F complex ...

The overall goal of this experiment is to capture cap-binding proteins in conditions of low oxygen. This method utilizes an agarose linked seven methyl-guanosine cap analog to investigate cap-binding factors and their interacting partners. This method will help answer key questions in the field of protein synthesis such as identifying novel oxygen regulated factors involved in cap dependent translation.The main advantage of this technique is that cells are kept in a hypoxia workstation up until the point of lysis. The implications of this technique extend towards cancer therapy because cancer cells within a tumor are exposed to very low levels of oxygen and translational control plays a key role in tumor progression. We first had the idea for this method when we read a recent publication from Corona's colleagues reporting that tissue oxygenation is actually closer to what we call hypoxia rather than the normaxia that cells are routinely cultured in.Begin this procedure will cell culture as described in the text protocol. After counting the cells using a hemocytometer feed 150 millimeter cultured dishes containing 15 milliliters of complete medium to obtain a cell density of 2500 to 5000 cells per square centimeter. Use two 150 millimeter dishes for each cap-binding assay.Place the seeded culture dishes in the incubator at 37 degrees celsius and a five percent carbon dioxide atmosphere. After the cells have incubated at least 24 hours place the cells into a hypoxia workstation for the desired time. Then, set the workstation to the appropriate physioxia.Pre-warm one X phosphate buffered saline, or PBS, and trypsin in a 37 degree celsius water bath for 30 minutes. Aliquot 980 microliters of lysis buffer into a 1.5 microliter centrifuge tube for each cap-binding assay being performed. 10 microliters of 100X protease inhibitor cocktail and 10 microliters of 4-benzenesulfonyl fluoride hydrocloride to the 980 microliters of lysis buffer on ice.Discard the media from each 150 millimeter dish in a waste container within the hypoxia workstation. Then, wash the cells with three to four milliliters of warm one X PBS and discard the liquid. Add one milliliter of warm 05 percent trypsin EDTA to each dish and let the dishes sit for two minutes or until the cells are no longer adhered to the plate.Using a pipette transfer the cells of one plate to a 1.5 milliliter micro-centrifuge tube. Repeat as needed so that each plate of cells is transferred to a separate 1.5 milliliter micro-centrifuge tube. Centrifuge the micro-centrifuge tubes at 6000 times g for 90 seconds to pellet the cells.Following centrifugation aspirate the trypsin using a pipette without disturbing the pellet. Wash the cells with warm one X PBS by gently pipetting 200 microliters of PBS into the tube just above the pellet. Then aspirate the PBS without disturbing the pellet.Next, pipette 500 microliters from the one milliliter prepared lysis buffer solution onto the first cellular pellet. Re-suspend the pellet entirely by pipetting up and down. Combine the re-suspended cells with the second cell pellet and re-suspend the second pellet by pipetting up and down.Repeat this process until all pellets have been combined and re-suspended for each sample. Next, combine the lysate with the remaining 500 microliters of lysis buffer in a 1.5 liter micro-centrifuge tube. Remove the samples from the hypoxia workstation.Lyse the cells using gentle agitation by rotating the samples at four degrees celsisus for 1.5 to two hours. Following incubation, centrifuge the lysed cells at 1200 times g for 15 minutes at four degrees celsius to remove cellular debris. Transfer the lysate to a new 1.5 milliliter micro-centrifuge tube and discard the pellet.Reserve a portion of the supernatant to be used as whole cell lysate input control for western blot analysis. To prepare for the cap-binding assay use scissors to remove the tip of the pipette to facilitate collection of the bead slurry. For each sample transfer 50 microliters of the blank agarose bead control slurry and 50 microliters of the m7GTP agarose C10-linked beads slurry to separate 1.5 milliliter micro-centrifuge tubes.Then, pellet the beads by centrifuging the slurry at 500 times g for 30 seconds. Remove the supernatant carefully and re-suspend the beads in 500 microliters of TBS. After repeating these steps pellet the beads at 500 times g for 30 seconds and remove the supernatant.Next, transfer the supernatant containing the lysate to the 1.5 milliliter micro-centrifuge tube containing the blank agarose beads. Incubate for 10 minutes at four degrees celsius with gentle agitation. After 10 minutes, pellet the blank agarose beads by centrifuging at 500 times g for 30 seconds.Following centrifugation transfer the lysate that doesn't bind to the beads to the 1.5 milliliter micro-centrifuge tube containing the m7GTP agarose C10-linked beads. Wash the blank agarose beads by re-suspending the beads in 500 microliters of lysis buffer, pelleting the beads by centrifuging at 500 time g for 30 seconds, and discarding the supernatant. Repeat this four times for a total of five washes.Re-suspend the blank agarose beads in one X SDS-PAGE sample buffer. And boil the beads for 90 seconds at 95 degrees celsius. Store the sample at 20 degrees celsius for future western blot analysis to observe weather the protein of interest binds non-specifically to the bead.Incubate the lysate with the m7GTP agarose C10-linked beads with gentle agitation for one hour at four degrees celsuis to capture cap-binding proteins. Following agitation, pellet the m7GTP agarose C10-linked beads by centrifuging at 500 times g for 30 seconds. After discarding the supernatant, wash the m7GTP agarose C10-linked beads as before.Re-suspend the beads in 600 microliters of lysis buffer and add GTP to a final concentration of one millimolar. Incubate the m7GTP agarose C10-linked beads plus one millimolar GTP with gentle agitation for one hour at four degrees celsius. This will dissociate proteins that non-specifically interact with m7GTP.Pellet the m7GTP agarose C10-linked beads by centrifuging at 500 time g for 30 seconds. Transfer the supernatant to a new 1.5 milliliter micro-centrifuge tube, and add 200 microliters of four X SDS-PAGE sample buffer. After washing the beads as before, re-suspend the beads in one X SDS-PAGE sample buffer and boil at 95 degrees celsius for 90 seconds.Shown here are representative western blots of a typical m7GTP affinity purification of two major cap-binding proteins in response to oxygen fluctuations in primary human renal proximal tubule epithelial cells. The cell lysates were exposed to eight percent, five percent, three percent, or one percent oxygen for 24 hours. The lanes include 10 percent of the whole cell lysate as the input, a GTP washed to measure the specificity for m7GTP, and the proteins bound to m7GTP beads after the GTP wash.Data from at least three independent experiments were quantified by Image J and expressed as relative density units relative to 10 percent input of the whole cell lysate. Results indicate that human cells cultured under physiological oxygen utilize two cap-binding proteins to recruit distinct mRNAs for translation. After watching this video you should have a good understanding of how to capture cap-binding proteins in low oxygen conditions.While attempting this procedure it's important to remember to keep cells in the hypoxia workstation up until the point of lysis, as oxygen can rapidly alter the biochemical properties of these translation initiation factors. Following this procedure other methods like polysome fractionation can be performed to answer additional questions such as which cap-binding proteins associate with active translation under conditions of low oxygen.

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遺伝学

Engineering Artificial Factors to Specifically Manipulate Alternative Splicing in Human Cells

具体的にはヒト細胞における選択的スプライシングを操作するために工学人工要因

The processing of most eukaryotic RNAs is mediated by RNA Binding Proteins (RBPs) with modular configurations, including an RNA recognition module, which ...

Peptide-derived Method to Transport Genes and Proteins Across Cellular and Organellar Barriers in Plants

植物の細胞や細胞小器官の壁を越え遺伝子やタンパク質を輸送するために、ペプチド由来方法

The capacity to introduce exogenous proteins and express (or down-regulate) specific genes in plants provides a powerful tool for fundamental research as ...

Immunostaining for DNA Modifications: Computational Analysis of Confocal Images

DNA 変更染色: 共焦点画像の数値解析

For several decades, 5-methylcytosine (5mC) has been thought to be the only DNA modification with a functional significance in metazoans. The discovery of ...

Adaptation of Hybridization Capture of Chromatin-associated Proteins for Proteomics to Mammalian Cells

交配の適応は哺乳類細胞プロテオミクスのクロマチン関連タンパク質の捕捉します。

The hybridization capture of chromatin-associated proteins for proteomics (HyCCAPP) technology was initially developed to uncover novel DNA-protein ...

Highly Efficient Gene Disruption of Murine and Human Hematopoietic Progenitor Cells by CRISPR/Cas9

CRISPR/Cas9 によるマウスおよび人間の造血前駆細胞の高効率遺伝子破壊

Advances in the hematopoietic stem cell (HSCs) field have been aided by methods to genetically engineer primary progenitor cells as well as animal models. ...

Differentiation, Maintenance, and Analysis of Human Retinal Pigment Epithelium Cells: A Disease-in-a-dish Model for BEST1 Mutations

Differentiation, Maintenance, and Analysis of Human Retinal Pigment Epithelium Cells: A Disease-in-a-dish Model for BEST1 Mutations

差別化、保守、および人間の網膜色素上皮細胞の解析: BEST1変異の皿での疾患モデル

Although over 200 genetic mutations in the human BEST1 gene have been identified and linked to retinal degenerative diseases, the pathological mechanisms ...

Single-cell RNA Sequencing and Analysis of Human Pancreatic Islets

ヒト膵島の単一細胞RNAシーケンシングと解析

Pancreatic islets comprise of endocrine cells with distinctive hormone expression patterns. The endocrine cells show functional differences in response to ...

Generation of Defined Genomic Modifications Using CRISPR-CAS9 in Human Pluripotent Stem Cells

ヒト多能性幹細胞におけるCRISPR-CAS9を用いて定義されたゲノム修飾の生成

Human pluripotent stem cells offer a powerful system to study gene function and model specific mutations relevant to disease. The generation of precise ...

Investigation of the Transcriptional Role of a RUNX1 Intronic Silencer by CRISPR/Cas9 Ribonucleoprotein in Acute Myeloid Leukemia Cells

Investigation of the Transcriptional Role of a RUNX1 Intronic Silencer by CRISPR/Cas9 Ribonucleoprotein in Acute Myeloid Leukemia Cells

急性骨髄性白血病細胞におけるCRISPR/Cas9リボヌクレオタンパク質によるRUNX1イントロニックサイレンサーの転写役割の調査

The bulk of the human genome (~98%) is comprised of non-coding sequences. Cis-regulatory elements (CREs) are non-coding DNA sequences that contain binding ...