Name: genome-wide analysis of hdac inhibitor-mediated modulation of micrornas and mrnas in b cells induced to undergo class-switch dna recombination and plasma cell differentiation
Uploaded: 2017-09-20T12:30:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Genome-wide Analysis of HDAC Inhibitor-mediated Modulation of microRNAs and mRNAs in B Cells Induced to Undergo Class-switch DNA Recombination and Plasma Cell

Dette arbeidet ble støttet av NIH tilskudd AI 105813 og AI 079705 (som PC), gi Alliansen for Lupus forskning Target identifikasjon i Lupus Grant ALR 295955 (som PC), og leddgikt National Research Foundation forskningen (HZ). TS ble støttet av Pediatrics Medical Center, andre Xiangya Hospital, Central Sør University, Changsha, Kina, i sammenheng med Xiangya-UT skolen av medisin San Antonio medisinstudent besøke programmet.

protokollen følger retningslinjene som dyr omsorg The institusjon dyr og bruk komiteer ved University of Texas Health Science Center til San Antonio.
 1. stimulering av musen B celler for CSR, plasmacelle differensiering og HDI behandling <ol><li>utarbeidelse av milten celle suspensjoner Merk: alle trinnene i laminær strømning hette bortsett fra musen Eutanasi og disseksjon.
	<ol><li>Euthanize bestemt patogen-fri C57BL/6J mus (8-12 ukens av alderen) av CO 2</s...

<ol>
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A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Histone+deacetylase+inhibitors+upregulate+B+cell+microRNAs+that+silence+AID+and+Blimp-1+expression+for+epigenetic+modulation+of+antibody+and+autoantibody+responses.">Histone deacetylase inhibitors upregulate B cell microRNAs that silence AID and Blimp-1 expression for epigenetic modulation of antibody and autoantibody responses.</a> J Immunol. 193, 5933-5950 (2014).</li><li>Farh, K. 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Denne protokollen gir omfattende tilnærminger til å indusere B celle klasse veksling og plasma celledifferensiering; analysere effekten av epigenetic modulatorer, nemlig HDI; og for å oppdage effekten av HDI på mRNA og miRNA uttrykk i disse cellene. De fleste av disse metodene kan også brukes til å analysere virkningen av epigenetic faktor på menneskelig B-celle funksjon og mRNA/miRNA uttrykk. QRT PCR og mRNA-seq/miRNA-seq tilnærminger kan også brukes til å analysere B celler isolert fra mus behandlet med epige...

Epigenetic merker eller faktorer, slik som DNA metylering, histone posttranslational modifikasjoner og ikke-koding RNAs (inkludert microRNAs), modulerer funksjonen celle ved å endre gene expression1. Epigenetic endringer regulere B-lymfocytt funksjon, for eksempel immunglobulin klasse-bryteren DNA rekombinasjon (CSR), somatisk hypermutation (SHM) og differensiering minne B-celler eller plasma celler, og dermed modulerende antistoff og autoantibody svar2,3. CSR og SHM krever kritisk aktivering-indusert cytidine deaminase (AID, kodes som Aicda), som er svært indusert i B-celler som svar på T-avhengige og T-uavhengig antigener4. Klasse-byttet/hypermutated B celler ytterligere skille ut plasma celler, som skiller ut store mengder av antistoffer i mote kritisk avhengig av B-lymfocytt-indusert modning protein 1 (Blimp1, kodes som Prdm1)5. Unormal epigenetic endringer i B celler kan føre avvikende antistoff/autoantibody svar, som kan føre til allergisk reaksjon eller autoimmunitet1,4. Forstå hvordan epigenetic faktorer, for eksempel miRNAs, modulerer B celle-innebygde genuttrykk er ikke bare viktig for vaksine, men er også viktig å avsløre mekanismer for potensielle unormal antistoff/autoantibody svar.
Histone acetylation og deacetylation er modifikasjoner av lysin rester på histone proteiner vanligvis katalysert av histone acetyltransferase (HAT) og histone deacetylase (HDAC). Disse endringene føre til økende eller fallende tilgjengeligheten av chromatin og videre tillate eller forby binding av transkripsjonsfaktorer eller proteiner DNA og endring av gene expression5,6, 7 , 8. HDAC hemmere (HDI) er en klasse av stoffer som forstyrrer funksjonen til HDACs. Her brukte vi HDI (VPA) for å ta regulering av HDAC på profilen for expression iboende genet av B-celler og dens mekanikk.
miRNAs er små, ikke-koding RNAs ca 18 til 22 nukleotider i lengde som genereres gjennom. miRNA vert gener er transkribert og danne hårnål primære microRNAs (pri-miRNAs). Eksporteres til cytoplasma, der pri-miRNAs behandles videre til forløperen miRNAs (pre-miRNAs). Til slutt, eldre miRNAs er dannet gjennom i spalting av pre-miRNAs. miRNAs gjenkjenner den komplementære sekvenser i 3 uoversatt regionen deres mål mRNAs6,7. Gjennom post-transcriptional stanse, regulere miRNAs cellular aktivitet, for eksempel spredning og differensiering apoptose10,11. Siden flere miRNAs kan målrette den samme mRNA, og én enkelt miRNA kan potensielt målrette flere mRNAs, er det viktig å ha en i kontekst visning av miRNA uttrykk profilen å forstå verdien av individuelle og kollektive effekten av miRNAs. miRNAs har vist seg å være involvert i B-celle utvikling og eksterne differensiering, som B-celle scenen-spesifikke differensiering, antistoffet svaret og autoimmunitet1,4,9. I den 3' UTR Aicda og Prdm1finnes det flere validert eller spådd evolusjonært konserverte områder som kan målrettes av miRNAs8.
Epigenetic modulasjon, herunder histone etter transkripsjon endring og miRNAs, vise en celle-type og celle scenen-spesifikke regulering mønster av gene expression9. Her beskriver vi metoder for å definere HDI-mediert modulering miRNA og mRNA uttrykk, CSR, og plasma celledifferensiering. Disse inkluderer protokoller for inducing B celler gjennomgå CSR og plasma celledifferensiering; for behandling av B-celler med HDI; og for å analysere miRNA og mRNA uttrykk av qRT PCR og miRNA-seq mRNA-seq10,11,12,8,13.

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="854">
	<tbody>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:528px;">C57BL/6 mice</td>
			<td style="width:152px;">Jackson Labs</td>
			<td align="right" style="width:111px;">664</td>
			<td style="width:64px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Corning cellgro RPMI 1640 Medium (Mod.) 1X with L-Glutamine (Size: 6 x 500mL; With L-Glutamine)</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>MT 10-040-CV&#160;</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">FBS</td>
			<td>Hyclone</td>
			<td>SH300</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">HyClone Antibiotic Antimycotic Solution 100 mL</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific - Hyclone</td>
			<td>SV3007901&#160;</td>
			<td></td>
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		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">&#946;-Mercaptoethanol</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>44-420-3250ML</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Falcon Cell Strainers</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>21008-952&#160;&#160;</td>
			<td></td>
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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Trypan Blue Stain 0.04%</td>
			<td>GIBCO/Life Technologies/Inv</td>
			<td align="right">15250</td>
			<td></td>
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		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">ACK Lysis Buffer&#160;</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>BW10-548E&#160;</td>
			<td></td>
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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Hausser Scientific Bright-Line Counting Chamber</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>02-671-51B</td>
			<td></td>
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			<td height="35" style="height:35px;width:528px;">EasySep Magnet</td>
			<td>Stem Cell Technologies</td>
			<td align="right">18000</td>
			<td></td>
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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Falcon Round-Bottom Polystyrene Tubes with Cap</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>14-959-1A</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">EasySep Mouse B cell Isolation Kit</td>
			<td>Stem Cell Tech</td>
			<td align="right">19854</td>
			<td></td>
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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">BD Needle Only 18 Gauge 1.5 inch SHORT BEVEL 100/box&#160;</td>
			<td>BD Biosciences</td>
			<td>&#160;305199</td>
			<td></td>
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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">PE/Cy7 anti-mouse CD138 (Syndecan-1) Antibody</td>
			<td>BioLegend&#160;</td>
			<td>142513 (25 ug)</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">PE-Cy7 B220 antibody</td>
			<td>BioLegend</td>
			<td align="right">103222</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">7-AAD (1 mg)</td>
			<td>Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td>A9400-1MG</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">APC anti-mouse/human CD45R/B220 antibody</td>
			<td>Biolegend</td>
			<td align="right">103212</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Mouse APC-IgG1 200 &#181;g</td>
			<td>Biolegend</td>
			<td align="right">406610</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">FITC anti-mouse IgM Antibody</td>
			<td>Biolegend</td>
			<td align="right">406506</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">FITC anti-mouse/human CD45R/B220 Antibody</td>
			<td>Biolegend</td>
			<td align="right">103206</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">PE Anti-Human/Mouse CD45R (B220) (RA3-6B2)</td>
			<td>Biolegend</td>
			<td align="right">103208</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">HBSS 1X</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>MT-21-022-CM</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Bovine Serum Albumin, Fraction V, Heat Shock Treated&#160;</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>BP1600-100</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">LPS 25mg (Lipopolysaccharides from Escherichia coli 055:B5)</td>
			<td>Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td>L2880-25MG</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Recombinant mouse IL-4 (carrier-free)</td>
			<td>BioLegend</td>
			<td>574302 (size: 10 ug)</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Valproic acid sodium salt</td>
			<td>Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td>P4543</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">SterilGARD e3 Class II Type A2 Biosafety Cabinet</td>
			<td>The Baker Company</td>
			<td>SG404</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="22">
			<td height="22" style="height:22px;">Large-Capacity Reach-In CO2 Incubator&#160;</td>
			<td>Thermo Scientific</td>
			<td align="right">3950</td>
			<td></td>
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		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Isotemp Digital-Control Water Baths: Model 205</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>15-462-5Q</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">5mL Round Bottom Polystyrene Test Tube</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>&#160;14-959-5</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Corning CentriStar 15ml Centrifuge Tubes&#160;</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific&#160;</td>
			<td>05-538-59A</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">1.7 mL Microtube, clear</td>
			<td>Genesee</td>
			<td>22-282</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Higher-Speed Easy Reader Plastic Centrifuge Tubes 50ml</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>06-443-18</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">ELMI SkySpin CM-6MT</td>
			<td>ELMI</td>
			<td>CM-6MT</td>
			<td></td>
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		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Rotor 6M</td>
			<td>ELMI</td>
			<td>6M</td>
			<td></td>
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		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Rotor 6M.06</td>
			<td>ELMI</td>
			<td>6M.06</td>
			<td></td>
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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Drummond Portable Pipet-Aid XP Pipet Controller</td>
			<td>Drummond Scientific</td>
			<td>4-000-101</td>
			<td></td>
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			<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>89130-900</td>
			<td></td>
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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">10 mL serological pipette tips</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>89130-898</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">5 mL serological pipette tips</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>898130-896</td>
			<td></td>
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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">48-well plates</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>07-200-86</td>
			<td></td>
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		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Allegra 6 Benchtop Centrifuge, Non-Refrigerated</td>
			<td>Beckman Coulter</td>
			<td align="right">366802</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">GH-3.8A Rotor, Horizontal, ARIES Smart Balance</td>
			<td>Beckman Coulter</td>
			<td align="right">366650</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Allegra 25R Benchtop Centrifuge, Refrigerated</td>
			<td>Beckman Coulter</td>
			<td align="right">369434</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">TA-15-1.5 Rotor, Fixed Angle</td>
			<td>Beckman Coulter</td>
			<td align="right">368298</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Fisher Scientific AccuSpin Micro 17</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>13-100-675</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Fisher Scientific Analog Vortex Mixer&#160;</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>02-215-365</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">miRNeasy Mini Kit (50)</td>
			<td>Qiagen</td>
			<td align="right">217004</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Direct-zol RNA MiniPrep kit</td>
			<td>Zymo Research</td>
			<td>R2050</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Chloroform (Approx. 0.75% Ethanol as Preservative/Molecular Biology)</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>BP1145-1</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Rnase-Free Dnase set (50)</td>
			<td>QIAGEN</td>
			<td align="right">79254</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">NanoDrop 2000 Spectrophotometers</td>
			<td>Thermo Scientific</td>
			<td>ND-2000</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Superscript III First-strand Synthesis System RT-PCR</td>
			<td>Invitrogen</td>
			<td align="right">175013897</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">iTaq Universal SYBR Green Supermix</td>
			<td>Bio-rad&#160;</td>
			<td>172-5121</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Fisherbrand 96-Well Semi-Skirted PCR Plates, case of 25</td>
			<td>Fisher</td>
			<td style="width:111px;">14-230-244</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Microseal &#39;B&#39; Adhesive Seals</td>
			<td>Bio-Rad</td>
			<td>MSB-1001</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">MyiQ Optics Module</td>
			<td>Bio-Rad</td>
			<td>170-9744</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">iCycler Chassis</td>
			<td>Bio-Rad</td>
			<td>170-8701</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Optical Kit</td>
			<td>Bio-Rad</td>
			<td>170-9752</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">BD LSR II Flow Cytometry Analyzer</td>
			<td>BD Biosciences</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">FACSDiva software</td>
			<td>BD Biosciences</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">FlowJo 10</td>
			<td>BD Biosciences</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">2100 Bioanalyzer</td>
			<td>Agilent Technologies</td>
			<td>G2943CA</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">S200 Focused-ultrasonicator</td>
			<td>Covaris</td>
			<td>S200</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">SPRIworks Fragment Library System I for Illumina</td>
			<td>Beckman Coulter</td>
			<td>A288267</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">cBot Cluster Generation Station</td>
			<td>illumina</td>
			<td>SY-312-2001</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">HiSeq 2000 Genome Sequencer</td>
			<td>Illumina</td>
			<td>SY-401-1001</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">TruSeq RNA Library Prep Kit v2</td>
			<td>Illumina</td>
			<td>RS-122-2001</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">TruSeq Small RNA Library Prep Kit</td>
			<td>Illumina</td>
			<td>RS-200-0012</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">NEXTflex Illumina Small RNA Sequencing Kit v3</td>
			<td>Bioo Scientific</td>
			<td>5132-05</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">2200 TapeStation</td>
			<td>Agilent</td>
			<td>G2964AA</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

genome-wide analysis of hdac inhibitor-mediated modulation of micrornas and mrnas in b cells induced to undergo class-switch dna recombination and plasma cell differentiation

Antistoff svar er oppnådd gjennom flere kritiske B celle-innebygde prosesser, inkludert somatisk hypermutation (SHM), klasse-bryteren DNA rekombinasjon (CSR) og plasma celledifferensiering. De siste årene, har epigenetic endringer eller faktorer, som histone deacetylation og microRNAs (miRNAs), vist å samhandle med B-celle genetiske programmer til å forme antistoff reaksjoner, mens dysfunction epigenetic faktorer har funnet for å føre til autoantibody svar. Analysere genomet hele miRNA og mRNA uttrykk i B-celler svar epigenetic modulatorer er viktig for å forstå epigenetic regulering av B-celle funksjon og antistoff respons. Her viser vi en protokoll for inducing B celler gjennomgå CSR og plasma celle differensiering, behandle disse B-cellene med histone deacetylase (HDAC) hemmere (HDIs) og analysere mRNA og microRNA. I denne protokollen, vi direkte analyserer komplementære DNA (cDNA)-sekvenser med neste generasjons mRNA sekvensering (mRNA-seq) og miRNA-seq teknologier, kartlegging av sekvensering leser til Genova og kvantitative omvendt transkripsjon (qRT)-PCR. Med disse tilnærmingene, har vi definert, B celler overtalt til å gjennomgå CSR og plasma celledifferensiering, HDI, en epigenetic regulator, selektivt modulerer miRNA og mRNA uttrykk og endrer CSR og plasma celle differensiering.

Bruker våre protokollen, renset B celler plassert med LPS (3 µg/mL) og IL-4 (5 ng/mL) for 96 h kan indusere 30-40% av CSR til IgG1 og ~ 10% av plasma celledifferensiering. Etter behandling med HDI (500µM VPA), CSR til IgG1 redusert til 10-20%, mens plasma celledifferensiering redusert til ~ 2% (figur 1). HDI-mediert hemming av CSR ble ytterligere bekreftet av redusert antall etter rekombinasjon Iμ-Cγ1 og modne VHDJH-Cγ1 transkripsjonene, som er...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Genome-wide Analysis of HDAC Inhibitor-mediated Modulation of microRNAs and mRNAs in B Cells Induced to Undergo Class-switch DNA Recombination and Plasma Cell

Genome-wide Analysis of HDAC Inhibitor-mediated Modulation of microRNAs and mRNAs in B Cells Induced to Undergo Class-switch DNA Recombination and Plasma Cell Differentiation

Epigenetic faktorer kan samhandle med genetiske programmer å modulere genuttrykk og regulere B celle-funksjonen. Ved å kombinere i vitro B-celle stimulering, qRT PCR, og høy gjennomstrømming microRNA-sekvens og mRNA-sekvens tilnærminger, kan vi analysere epigenetic modulering av miRNA og gene uttrykk i B-celler.

Genomet-omfattende analyse av HDAC Inhibitor-mediert modulering av microRNAs og mRNAs i B celler indusert Undergo klasse-bryteren DNA rekombinasjon og plasmacelle differensiering

Antibody responses are accomplished through several critical B cell-intrinsic processes, including somatic hypermutation (SHM), class-switch DNA ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Immunology and Infection

Induction and Assessment of Class Switch Recombination in Purified Murine B Cells

Humoral immunity is the branch of the immune system maintained by B cells and mediated through the secretion of antibodies. Upon B cell activation, the ...

Directed Differentiation of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells towards T Lymphocytes

Adoptive cell transfer (ACT) of antigen-specific CD8+  cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) is a promising treatment for a variety of  malignancies 1. CTLs can  ...

Establishment of an In vitro System to Study Intracellular Behavior of Candida glabrata in Human THP-1 Macrophages

Establishment of an In vitro System to Study Intracellular Behavior of Candida glabrata in Human THP-1 Macrophages

A cell culture model system, if a close mimic of host environmental conditions, can serve as an inexpensive, reproducible and easily manipulatable ...

Rapid Molecular Detection and Differentiation of Influenza Viruses A and B

Rapid Molecular Detection og Differensiering av influensavirus A og B

Influenza is a contagious respiratory illness caused by influenza viruses A and B in humans and causes a significant amount of morbidity and mortality ...

The Isolation, Differentiation, and Quantification of Human Antibody-secreting B Cells from Blood: ELISpot as a Functional Readout of Humoral Immunity

Den Isolation, Differensiering, og Kvantifisering av humane antistoff-sekresjon B-celler fra blod: ELISPOT som en funksjonell Avlesning av humoral immunitet

The hallmark of humoral immunity is to generate functional ASCs, which synthesize and secrete Abs specific to an antigen (Ag), such as a pathogen, and are ...

Detection and Enrichment of Rare Antigen-specific B Cells for Analysis of Phenotype and Function

Oppdagelse og berikelse av Rare antigen-spesifikke B-celler for analyse av fenotype og funksjon

B cells reactive with a specific antigen usually occur at a frequency of &lt;0.05% of lymphocytes. For decades researchers have sought methods to isolate ...

An In Vivo Mouse Model to Measure Na&#239;ve CD4 T Cell Activation, Proliferation and Th1 Differentiation Induced by Bone Marrow-derived Dendritic Cells

An In Vivo Mouse Model to Measure NaÃƒÆ’Ã†'Ãƒâ€šÃ‚Â¯ve CD4 T Cell Activation, Proliferation and Th1 Differentiation Induced by Bone Marrow-derived Dendritic Cells

En i Vivo musemodell mål naiv CD4 T celle aktivering, spredning og Th1 differensiering av Ben margtransplantasjon-avledet dendrittiske celler

Quantification of na&#239;ve CD4 T cell activation, proliferation, and differentiation to T helper 1 (Th1) cells is a useful way to assess the role played ...

Analysis of Shear Flow-induced Migration of Murine Marginal Zone B Cells In Vitro

Analyse av skjær flyt-indusert migrering av murint Marginal sone B celler In Vitro

Marginal zone B cells (MZBs) are a population of B cells that reside in the mouse splenic marginal zones that envelop follicles. To reach the follicles, ...

In Vitro Differentiation Model of Human Normal Memory B Cells to Long-lived Plasma Cells

I Vitro differensiering modell av menneskelig Normal minne B-celler til lang levetid Plasma celler

Plasma cells (PCs) secrete large amounts of antibodies and develop from B cells that have been activated. PCs are rare cells located in the bone marrow or ...