Name: effective isolation of functional islets from neonatal mouse pancreas
Uploaded: 2017-01-06T11:30:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Effective Isolation of Functional Islets from Neonatal Mouse Pancreas at JoVE.com

This work was supported by grant from NIDDK (DK065949 for GG). We thank Dr. Brenda M. Jarvis and Jeff Duryea Jr. for reading the manuscript.

forbrug Animal følger procedurerne i protokol M / 11/181 godkendt af Vanderbilt Institutional Animal Care og brug Udvalg for Gu. CD1 eller CBA / BL6 mus blev indkøbt fra kommercielle leverandører og krydsede i Vanderbilt dyr mulighed for at opnå neonatale mus. 1. Udarbejdelse af mus, Stock Solutions, og udstyr <ol><li> For musen indlæg: oprette en mus kors og registrere plukker datoer for at hjælpe eksperimentel planlægning. CD1 mus normalt føder omkring dag 19 efter parring. Brug ...

<ol>
	<li>Matsumoto, S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Improvement+of+pancreatic+islet+cell+isolation+for+transplantation.">Improvement of pancreatic islet cell isolation for transplantation.</a> Proc (Bayl Univ Med Cent). 20 (4), 357-362 (2007).</li><li>Zmuda, E. J., Powell, C. A., Hai, T. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+method+for+murine+islet+isolation+and+subcapsular+kidney+transplantation.">A method for murine islet isolation and subcapsular kidney transplantation.</a> J Vis Exp. (50), (2011).</li><li>Zhao, A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Galphao+represses+insulin+secretion+by+reducing+vesicular+docking+in+pancreatic+beta-cells.">Galphao represses insulin secretion by reducing vesicular docking in pancreatic beta-cells.</a> Diabetes. 59 (10), 2522-2529 (2010).</li><li>Planas, R., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Gene+expression+profiles+for+the+human+pancreas+and+purified+islets+in+type+1+diabetes:+new+findings+at+clinical+onset+and+in+long-standing+diabetes.">Gene expression profiles for the human pancreas and purified islets in type 1 diabetes: new findings at clinical onset and in long-standing diabetes.</a> Clin Exp Immunol. 159 (1), 23-44 (2010).</li><li>Tonne, J. M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Global+gene+expression+profiling+of+pancreatic+islets+in+mice+during+streptozotocin-induced+beta-cell+damage+and+pancreatic+Glp-1+gene+therapy.">Global gene expression profiling of pancreatic islets in mice during streptozotocin-induced beta-cell damage and pancreatic Glp-1 gene therapy.</a> Dis Model Mech. 6 (5), 1236-1245 (2013).</li><li>London, N. J., Swift, S. M., Clayton, H. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Isolation,+culture+and+functional+evaluation+of+islets+of+Langerhans.">Isolation, culture and functional evaluation of islets of Langerhans.</a> Diabetes Metab. 24 (3), 200-207 (1998).</li><li>Rorsman, P., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Failure+of+glucose+to+elicit+a+normal+secretory+response+in+fetal+pancreatic+beta+cells+results+from+glucose+insensitivity+of+the+ATP-regulated+K++channels.">Failure of glucose to elicit a normal secretory response in fetal pancreatic beta cells results from glucose insensitivity of the ATP-regulated K+ channels.</a> Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 86 (12), 4505-4509 (1989).</li><li>Hellerstrom, C., Swenne, I. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Functional+maturation+and+proliferation+of+fetal+pancreatic+beta-cells.">Functional maturation and proliferation of fetal pancreatic beta-cells.</a> Diabetes. 40 (Suppl 2), 89-93 (1991).</li><li>Blum, B., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Functional+beta-cell+maturation+is+marked+by+an+increased+glucose+threshold+and+by+expression+of+urocortin+3.">Functional beta-cell maturation is marked by an increased glucose threshold and by expression of urocortin 3.</a> Nat Biotechnol. 30 (3), 261-264 (2012).</li><li>Hegre, O. D., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Nonenzymic+in+vitro+isolation+of+perinatal+islets+of+Langerhans.">Nonenzymic in vitro isolation of perinatal islets of Langerhans.</a> In Vitro. 19 (8), 611-620 (1983).</li><li>Dolen&#353;ek, J., Rupnik, M. A., Sto&#382;er, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Structural+similarities+and+differences+between+the+human+and+the+mouse+pancreas.">Structural similarities and differences between the human and the mouse pancreas.</a> Islets. 7 (1), e102445 (2015).</li><li>White, J., White, D. C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=.">.</a> Source Book of Enzymes, Source Book of Enzymes. , (1997).</li><li>Bock, T., Pakkenberg, B., Buschard, K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Genetic+background+determines+the+size+and+structure+of+the+endocrine+pancreas.">Genetic background determines the size and structure of the endocrine pancreas.</a> Diabetes. 54 (1), 133-137 (2005).</li><li>Bouwens, L., Rooman, I. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Regulation+of+pancreatic+beta-cell+mass.">Regulation of pancreatic beta-cell mass.</a> Physiol Rev. 85 (4), 1255-1270 (2005).</li></ol>

Her giver vi en trin-for-trin-protokollen på holm isolation fra pancreata der er for små til konventionel perfusion. Det forventes at give øer klar til alle ø-baserede undersøgelser såsom beta-celle oprensning, genanalyse, ø-beta-celle modning, proliferation, cell stressreaktioner, celleoverlevelse, metabolisme og funktionel GSIS vedligeholdelse osv. Dette vil være til vores bedste overbevisning er de første detaljerede visuelle protokol, der guider nye forskere til at udføre ø isolation fra neonatal...

Isolating pure pancreatic islets is essential for assaying glucose stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) of beta cells and for islet transplantation from cadaveric donors 1-3. It is also necessary to establish endocrine gene expression in islet cells 4, 5. For this purpose, detailed protocols have been established to allow for isolation of pancreatic islets from large pancreata (6 and references therein). These methods are based on enzymatic perfusion to dissociate acinar from islet tissues, coupled with gradient separation and hand picking. Thus, islet isolation from large pancreas can be performed readily in most laboratories. On the other hand, no detailed step-by-step protocol exists to allow for the isolation of islets from pancreata that are too small to perfuse.
Studying gene expression and function of neonatal islets is important. Neonate islets have different properties from adults in insulin secretion and proliferation capability 7, 8. However, isolating islets from newly born animals, especially mice is challenging due to the small size of the newly born pancreas. The size prevents the usual perfusion process when collagenase is injected though the pancreatic duct. Indeed, several papers have presented studies along these lines, with enzyme or non-enzyme aided isolation procedures 7, 9, 10. However, detailed description of the islet isolation process with visual aid is lacking 7, 9, making it a challenge for most researchers to perform similar studies. 
We have explored several different conditions that yield high quality islets from neonatal mice. Here we present a protocol that is expected to help researchers learn the key details in the islet isolation process. This protocol is applicable to mouse pancreas up to two weeks of age, after which perfusion can be performed for routine islet isolation. Islets can be directly used for insulin secretion and gene expression assays.

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="769">
	<tbody>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:169px;">Collagenase&#160; Type IV</td>
			<td style="width:253px;">Sigma Aldrich, St Louis, MO</td>
			<td style="width:128px;">C5138</td>
			<td style="width:219px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="61">
			<td height="61" style="height:61px;width:169px;">1X HBSS with Ca2+/Mg2+</td>
			<td style="width:253px;">Mediatech/Cellgro, Manassas, VA</td>
			<td>MT21020CV</td>
			<td style="width:219px;">If HBSS wihout Ca2+/Mg2+ is obtained, CaCl2 and MgSO4 can be added to 1.26 and 0.5 mM, respectively.&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="51">
			<td height="51" style="height:51px;width:169px;">RPMI 1640 w/o glucose</td>
			<td style="width:253px;">Thermo Fisher Scientific/Life Technologies, Waltham, MA</td>
			<td>11879-020</td>
			<td style="width:219px;">Glucose needs to be added to specific levels to not interfere with seusequent islet usage.&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:169px;">Glucose</td>
			<td style="width:253px;">Sigma Aldrich, St Louis, MO</td>
			<td>G-7021&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:219px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="35">
			<td height="35" style="height:35px;width:169px;">polysucrose and sodium diatrizoate solution</td>
			<td style="width:253px;">Sigma Aldrich, St Louis, MO</td>
			<td>Histopaque-10771</td>
			<td style="width:219px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:169px;">Stereoscope</td>
			<td style="width:253px;">Carl-Zeiss, Oberkochen, Germany</td>
			<td>Stemi2000</td>
			<td style="width:219px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:169px;">Stereoscope</td>
			<td style="width:253px;">Leica, Wetzlar, Germany</td>
			<td>Leica M165</td>
			<td style="width:219px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:169px;">Microcentrifuge</td>
			<td style="width:253px;">Eppendorf, Hauppauge, NY</td>
			<td>Centrifuge 5417C</td>
			<td style="width:219px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:169px;">Centrfuge</td>
			<td style="width:253px;">Eppendorf, Hauppauge, NY</td>
			<td>Centrifuge 5810R</td>
			<td style="width:219px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:169px;">15-ml centrfuge tubes&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:253px;">VWR, Radnor, PA</td>
			<td>89039-666</td>
			<td style="width:219px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:169px;">50-ml centrfuge tubes&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:253px;">VWR, Radnor, PA</td>
			<td>89039-658</td>
			<td style="width:219px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:169px;">Precision balance</td>
			<td style="width:253px;">VWR, Radnor, PA</td>
			<td>VWR-225AC</td>
			<td style="width:219px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:169px;">Microfuge tubes</td>
			<td style="width:253px;">VWR, Radnor, PA</td>
			<td>87003-294</td>
			<td style="width:219px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:169px;">Pipetman P1000</td>
			<td style="width:253px;">Fisher Scientific,&#160; Waltham, MA</td>
			<td>F123602</td>
			<td style="width:219px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:169px;">Pipetman P20</td>
			<td style="width:253px;">Fisher Scientific,&#160; Waltham, MA</td>
			<td>F123600</td>
			<td style="width:219px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:169px;">100X15 millimeter dish</td>
			<td style="width:253px;">VWR, Radnor, PA</td>
			<td>25384-088</td>
			<td style="width:219px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:169px;">60X15 millimeter dish</td>
			<td style="width:253px;">VWR, Radnor, PA</td>
			<td>25384-168</td>
			<td style="width:219px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="18">
			<td height="18" style="height:19px;width:169px;">12-well plates</td>
			<td style="width:253px;">VWR, Radnor, PA</td>
			<td>665-180</td>
			<td style="width:219px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="18">
			<td height="18" style="height:19px;width:169px;">Scissor</td>
			<td style="width:253px;">Fine Scientific Tools, Foster City, CA</td>
			<td>14080-11</td>
			<td style="width:219px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:169px;">Tweezers</td>
			<td style="width:253px;">Fine Scientific Tools, Foster City, CA</td>
			<td>5708-5</td>
			<td style="width:219px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="18">
			<td height="18" style="height:19px;width:169px;">CD1 mice</td>
			<td style="width:253px;">Charles River Laboratories, Wilminton, MA&#160;</td>
			<td>CD-1</td>
			<td style="width:219px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="18">
			<td height="18" style="height:19px;width:169px;">C57BL/6J</td>
			<td style="width:253px;">The Jackson laboratory, Farmington, CT&#160;</td>
			<td>C57BL/6J</td>
			<td style="width:219px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:169px;">B6CBAF1/J</td>
			<td style="width:253px;">The Jackson laboratory, Farmington, CT&#160;</td>
			<td>B6CBAF1/J</td>
			<td style="width:219px;"></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

effective isolation of functional islets from neonatal mouse pancreas

Perfusion-baserede holm-isolation protokoller fra store pattedyr pancreata er veletablerede. Sådanne protokoller let udføres i mange laboratorier på grund af den store størrelse af pancreas kanalen, der giver mulighed for let collagenase injektion og efterfølgende vævsperfusion. I modsætning hertil holm isolation fra små pancreata, ligesom neonatale mus, er udfordrende, fordi perfusion ikke er let opnåelige i den lille pancreata. Her beskriver vi en detaljeret enkel procedure, der genvinder væsentligt antal øer fra nyfødte mus med visuel hjælp. Frisk dissekeret hele pancreas blev fordøjet med 0,5 mg / ml collagenase IV opløst i Hanks &#39;balancerede saltopløsning (HBSS) ved 37 ° C, i mikrocentrifugerør. Rør blev tappet regelmæssigt for at hjælpe væv spredning. Når det meste af vævet blev dispergeret til små klynger omkring 1 mm, blev lysater vasket tre til fire gange med dyrkningsmedium med 10% føtalt bovint serum (FBS). Islet klynger,blottet for genkendelige acinære væv, kan derefter udvindes under dissekere stereoskop. Denne metode genvinder 20 - 80 små til store og mellemstore øer pr bugspytkirtlen af ​​nyfødte mus. Disse øer er egnet til de fleste tænkelige downstream assays, herunder insulin sekretion, genekspression, og kultur. Et eksempel på insulinsekretion assay præsenteres for validere isolation proces. Den genetiske baggrund og graden af ​​fordøjelse er de største faktorer, der bestemmer udbyttet. Frisklavet collagenase løsning med høj aktivitet foretrækkes, da det aids i endokrin-eksokrin isolation. Tilstedeværelsen af kationer [calcium (Ca2 +) og magnesium (Mg2 +)] i alle opløsninger og føtalt bovint serum i vask / plukning medier er nødvendige for et godt udbytte af øer med korrekt integritet. En dissekere anvendelsesområde med god kontrast og forstørrelse vil også hjælpe.

Under optimale betingelser, kan den foreliggende fremgangsmåde udbytte 20 - 80 øer fra hver lille mus pancreas. Dette nummer er afhængig af den genetiske baggrund, alder af mus, og størrelsen af ​​holme, der skal inddrives. Blandt de almindeligt anvendte, CD1 ud-avlet og C57BL / 6J racerene mus producerer mindre holme med mindre størrelse end hybrider mellem CD1 og C57BL / 6 eller kommerciel B6CBAF1 / J-mus gør. Direkte hånd plukke generelt gav et mindre antal øer, sandsynlig...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Effective Isolation of Functional Islets from Neonatal Mouse Pancreas at JoVE.com

Effective Isolation of Functional Islets from Neonatal Mouse Pancreas

Vi beskriver en protokol heri til isolering intakte øer fra neonatale mus. Pancreas blev delvist fordøjet med collagenase, efterfulgt af vask og hånd plukning. kan opnås 80 ø-klynger pr pancreas fra nyfødte mus, som er egnede til flere ø-undersøgelser - 20.

Effektiv Isolering af Functional Islets fra Neonatal Mouse Pancreas

Perfusion-based islet-isolation protocols from large mammalian pancreata are well established. Such protocols are readily conducted in many laboratories ...

The overall goal of this procedure is to isolate intact islets of Langerhans from the neonatal mouse pancreas. This method can help answer the key questions in adding development and function. Such as insulin excretion, gene expression, para cell survival and functional maintenance.The main advantage of this method is that it's simple and straight forward while still allowing new researchers to isolate a substantial number of intact islet for down strain studies. Begin by spraying a neonate in the supine position with 70%ethanol. Then, use tweezers to lift the skin over the abdomen and cut the skin and muscle layers longitudinally along the midline from the genitals to the ribcage.Next, transfer all of the internal organs into a 100 centimeter dish and locate the pancreas, which is a white scattered organ with the ventral portion that clings to the duodenum and the dorsal portion that clings to the stomach and spleen. Add HBSS to dish to submerge the organs so that the pancreatic tissues no longer cling to the duodenum, stomach, or spleen. Then use a pair of tweezers to peel the pancreas away from surrounding tissues.Transfer the pancreas into a new 60 millimeter dish containing HBSS and use scissors to cut one to five pancreata into five millimeter pieces or smaller. When all of the tissue has been minced, transfer the pieces into one point five milliliter microcentrifuge tubes and add collagenase working solutions to the samples. Then incubate the tissue fragments at 37 degrees celsius, inverting the tubes two times every minute.After five minutes, tap the tube to monitor the digestion status of the pieces. Continue the digestion for another ten minutes, until the lysate is cloudy and most of the pancreata appear as fragmented cell clusters less than two millimeters in diameter. At the end of the digestion, pellet the lysate by microcentrifugation and use a p1000 pipette to carefully remove the supernatent, which should appear turbid but free of cell clusters.Next, add one millileter of fresh RPMI 16/40 complete medium to the pellet. Then gently tap to resuspend the fragmented lysate pieces and invert the tube ten times. After centrifuging, invert the resuspended lysate at least two more times as just demonstrated until the supernatent is clear.Then resuspend the final pellet in one milliliter of fresh complete medium and add two milliliters of polysucrose and sodium diatrazoate at a 1.077 g/ml density to a 15 milliliter conical tube on ice. Using a Pasteur pipette, carefully layer the lysate on top of the gradient solution without mixing the layers and separate the cells by centrifugation. Transfer the medium and the islet containing interphase layers into a new 15 milliliter tube and gently but thoroughly mix the islets with ten milliliters of fresh medium for centrifugation.After a second wash and fresh complete medium, resuspend the islet and duct containing pellet in four milliliters of fresh complete medium. Now seed the islets onto a 60 millimeter dish and add five milliliters of complete medium to the cells. Transfer the dish under a dissecting microscope and turn on the bright field illumination adjusting the light intensity to approximately 50%of the maximum power.At a 50x magnification, the islets will appear as slightly pink clusters and the acinar cells and dark, irregularly shaped clusters. Using a p20 pipette tip, harvest the individual islets, taking care to avoid the acinar clusters, dispensing the islet enriched fractions in a new 60 millimeter dish containing complete medium. When all of the islets have been picked from the original dish, harvest the islets from the collection dish into a new 60 millimeter dish containing four milliliters of fresh complete medium two more times, until only pure islets are present in the final collection dish.A proper digestion and isolation will yield islets with smooth outer surfaces. Insufficient collagenase digestion can result in large, easily visualized islets that can not be completely separated from the acinar tissues, reducing the overall islet yield even though larger islets are produced. In the case of over digestion, although acinar tissues can be completely separated from the islets, islet structure is prone to be compromised resulting in rough surface islets observed under the microscope.Neonatal islets isolated by this method display high basal insulin secretion levels with glucose stimulated insulin secretion profiles typical of immature islet beta cells, suggesting that this islet isolation procedure largely conserves the functional properties of neonatal islets. Once mastered, this technique can be finished within just two hours if performed properly. When attempting the procedure, it is important to remember to precentrifuge the collagenase in order to remove any insoluble debris and to calcium and magnesium supplemented washing buffer and to use pretreated washing buffer in order to stop the tissue dissociation quickly.For in this procedure, our experiment, such as glucose stimulated insulin secretion can be performed to answer additional questions such as insulin secretion dynamics in neonatal beta cells. Also, this technique pave ways for researchers in the field of beta cell biology to do additional essays, such as gene expression or other metabolic studies. After watching this video, you should have a good understanding of how to isolate intact islets from neonatal mouse pancreas for your down strain studies.Don't forget, working with collagenase powder will be extremely hazardous, so precautions such as wearing gloves and face mask should be always taken when using this material.

Research

JoVE Journal

Developmental Biology

Isolation and Cryopreservation of Neonatal Rat Cardiomyocytes

Isolering og Kryopræservering af neonatal rottecardiomyocytter

Cell culture has become increasingly important in cardiac research, but due to the limited proliferation of cardiomyocytes, culturing cardiomyocytes is ...

In Vitro Colony Assays for Characterizing Tri-potent Progenitor Cells Isolated from the Adult Murine Pancreas

In Vitro Colony Assays for Characterizing Tri-potent Progenitor Cells Isolated from the Adult Murine Pancreas

In vitro Colony Analyser til karakterisering Tri-potente progenitorceller isoleret fra voksne murine Pancreas

Stem and progenitor cells from the adult pancreas could be a potential source of therapeutic beta-like cells for treating patients with type 1 diabetes. ...

Isolation of Murine Embryonic Hemogenic Endothelial Cells

Isolering af murint embryonale Hemogenic endotelceller

The specification of hemogenic endothelial cells from embryonic vascular endothelium occurs during brief developmental periods within distinct tissues, ...

Isolation of Type I and Type II Pericytes from Mouse Skeletal Muscles

Isolering af type I og type II pericytter fra muskelsmuskler

Pericytes are perivascular multipotent cells that show heterogeneity in different organs or even within the same tissue. In skeletal muscles, there are at ...

Fetal Mouse Cardiovascular Imaging Using a High-frequency Ultrasound (30/45MHZ) System

Fetal Mouse Cardiovascular Imaging Using a High-frequency Ultrasound 30/45MHZ System

Føtal mus kardiovaskulære Imaging ved hjælp af en høj frekvens ultralyd (30 / 45MHZ)

Congenital heart defects (CHDs) are the most common cause of childhood morbidity and early mortality. Prenatal detection&#160;of the underlying molecular ...

Efficient Generation of Pancreas/Duodenum Homeobox Protein 1+ Posterior Foregut/Pancreatic Progenitors from hPSCs in Adhesion Cultures

Efficient Generation of Pancreas/Duodenum Homeobox Protein 1+ Posterior Foregut/Pancreatic Progenitors from hPSCs in Adhesion Cultures

Effektiv Generation af bugspytkirtlen/Duodenum HOXD Protein 1+ Posterior Foregut/pancreas ophav fra hPSCs i vedhæftning kulturer

Human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC)-derived pancreatic cells are a promising cell source for regenerative medicine and a platform to study human ...

Isolation of Specific Neuron Populations from Roundworm Caenorhabditis elegans

Isolation of Specific Neuron Populations from Roundworm Caenorhabditis elegans

Isolering af specifikke neuron populationer fra rundorm Caenorhabditis elegans

During the aging process, many cells accumulate high levels of damage leading to cellular dysfunction, which underlies many geriatric and pathological ...

Isolation and Differentiation of Primary Myoblasts from Mouse Skeletal Muscle Explants

Isolering og differentiering af primære Myoblaster fra mus skeletmuskulatur Explants

Primary myoblasts are undifferentiated proliferating precursors of skeletal muscle. They can be cultured and studied as muscle precursors or induced to ...

Rapid Isolation of Single Cells from Mouse and Human Teeth

Hurtig isolering af enkeltceller fra mus og menneskelige tænder

Mouse and human teeth represent challenging organs for quick and efficient cell isolation for single-cell transcriptomic or other applications. The dental ...

Isolation of Whole Cell Protein Lysates from Mouse Facial Processes and Cultured Palatal Mesenchyme Cells for Phosphoprotein Analysis

Isolering af helcelleproteinlysater fra musens ansigtsprocesser og dyrkede palatale mesenchymceller til fosfoproteinanalyse

Mammalian craniofacial development is a complex morphological process during which multiple cell populations coordinate to generate the frontonasal ...