Name: solvent bonding for fabrication of pmma and cop microfluidic devices
Uploaded: 2017-01-17T15:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Solvent Bonding for Fabrication of PMMA and COP Microfluidic Devices at JoVE.com

Vi anerkender finansiel støtte fra naturvidenskab og teknik Forskningsråd of Canada (NSERC, # 436.117-2013), Cancer Research Society (CRS, # 20172), Myelom Canada og Grand Udfordringer Canada.

Bemærk, at alle de nedenfor beskrevne trin er blevet udviklet og udført i et ikke-renrumsmiljø. kan helt sikkert udføres Trinnene bonding opløsningsmiddel i et renrum, hvis de er tilgængelige, men det er ikke påkrævet. 1. Fremstilling af termoplastiske mikrofluidapparatet Lag <ol><li> Design og fabrikere mikrofluidanordning lag fra den termoplastiske valg, under anvendelse af en passende fremstillingsmetode (f.eks mikroformaling 15, prægning 16 ...

<ol>
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Muligheden for potentielle limning strategier afhænger af tilgængeligt udstyr. Mens kogeplader er forholdsvis almindelige og frie vægte kan købes billigt, vil strategier højt tryk kræver brug af en opvarmet presse. For eksempel vores optimale PMMA bonding opskrift kræver højt tryk til at obligation med ethanol (se tabel 1), og det ønskede tryk er ikke opnåeligt for typiske enhed størrelser ved hjælp af frie vægte. Hvis således kun en kogeplade og vægte er tilgængelige, PMMA kan i stedet ...

Microfluidics er opstået i løbet af de sidste tyve år som en teknologi velegnet til at studere kemi og fysik på mikroskala en, og med voksende lover at bidrage væsentligt til biologi forskning 2 - 4. Størstedelen af mikrofluidenheder som historisk har været fremstillet af poly (dimethylsiloxan) (PDMS), en silikoneelastomer, der er let at bruge, billig og tilbyder høj kvalitet funktion replikation 5. Men PDMS har veldokumenterede mangler og er uforenelig med høj volumen fabrikation processer 6,7, og som sådan, har der været en stigende tendens i retning af opdigte mikrofluidenheder fra termoplastiske materialer, på grund af deres potentiale for masse produktion og dermed kommercialisering. En af de største hindringer for bredere anvendelse af plast mikrofabrikation er blevet opfyldt, let, høj kvalitet limning af plast enheder. Aktuelle strategier ansætte tHermal, lim og opløsningsmidler limning teknikker, men mange lider af betydelige udfordringer. Termisk binding forøger autofluorescens 8 og ofte deformerer mikrokanalplader geometrier 9 - 11 mens adhæsive teknikker kræver stencils, omhyggelig justering, og i sidste ende forlade tykkelsen af klæbemidlet udsat for mikrokanal 10. Opløsningsmiddel limning er attraktivt på grund af sin enkelhed, justerbarhed, og lave omkostninger 10,12 - 14. Især dens justerbarhed muliggør optimering for flere plastmaterialer, som kan give ensartet, høj kvalitet bonding, der minimerer deformation af microfeatures 14. Under opløsningsmiddel limning, eksponering opløsningsmiddel forøger mobiliteten af ​​polymerkæder nær overfladen af ​​plasten, som muliggør indbyrdes diffusion af kæder på tværs af bonding interface. Dette forårsager sammenfiltring via mekanisk aflåsning af de spredende kæder, og resulterer i aphysical obligation 10. Termisk binding virker på en lignende måde, men er afhængig af forhøjet temperatur alene at øge kæde mobilitet. Således termiske metoder kræver temperaturer nær eller over glasovergangstemperaturen af ​​polymeren, hvorimod anvendelsen af ​​opløsningsmidler kan reducere temperaturen nødvendig for binding og således reducere uønskede deformation. Vi leverer en særlig protokol til limning både PMMA og COP-enheder. Men denne protokol og metode beskriver, en enkel, generisk tilgang til opløsningsmiddel limning af termoplastiske mikrofluidenheder, der kan skræddersyes til andre plastmaterialer, opløsningsmidler og tilgængeligt udstyr. Vi beskriver mange metoder til at vurdere kvaliteten af obligationer (f.eks bond dækning, vedhæftningsstyrke, obligationer holdbarhed, og deformation af microfeature geometrier), og giver fejlfinding tilgange til at løse disse fælles udfordringer.

<table border="1" fo:keep-together.within-page="1" fo:keep-with-next.within-page="always">
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>COP</td>
			<td>Zeonor</td>
			<td>604Z1020R080</td>
			<td>20 kg COP Pellets - 1020R. Multiple suppliers can be used, but may affect bonding characteristics.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>PMMA</td>
			<td>McMaster Carr</td>
			<td>8560K173</td>
			<td>1.5 mm sheet thickness for our typical applications. Multiple suppliers can be used, but may affect bonding characteristics.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Cyclohexane</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>227048</td>
			<td>Cyclohexane, anhydrous, 99.5%. Multiple suppliers can be used. Toxic, requires fumehood.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Ethanol</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>24102</td>
			<td>Ethanol, absolute, &#8805;99.8% (GC). Multiple suppliers can be used.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Acetone</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>179124</td>
			<td>Acetone, ACS reagent, &#8805;99.5%. Multiple suppliers can be used.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>2-Propanol</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>278475</td>
			<td>2-Propanol, anhydrous, 99.5%. Multiple suppliers can be used.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Hot plate(s)</td>
			<td>Torrey Pines Scientific</td>
			<td>HP60</td>
			<td>Fully programmable digital hotplate. Multiple suppliers can be used.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Free weights</td>
			<td>Cap Barbell</td>
			<td>RPG#2</td>
			<td>Standard cast iron plate. Multiple suppliers and different weights can be used.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Heated press</td>
			<td>Carver</td>
			<td>Auto CH</td>
			<td>Auto series heated hydraulic press. Multiple suppliers can be used. A press that fits in a fumehood would allow the most flexibility (this model does not).</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>CNC Milling Machine</td>
			<td>Tormach</td>
			<td>PCNC 770</td>
			<td>3 Axis CNC mill. Multiple suppliers can be used.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Endmills</td>
			<td>Various</td>
			<td>Various</td>
			<td>Required sizes depend on designs. Multiple suppliers can be used.</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

solvent bonding for fabrication of pmma and cop microfluidic devices

Termoplastiske mikrofluidenheder tilbyder mange fordele i forhold til dem, der foretages af silikone elastomerer, men skal udvikles bonding procedurer for hver termoplast af interesse. Opløsningsmiddel limning er en enkel og alsidig metode, der kan anvendes til at fremstille enheder fra flere plastmaterialer. tilsættes et passende opløsningsmiddel mellem to enheder lag, der skal bindes, og varme og tryk påføres til anordningen for at lette binding. Ved anvendelse af en egnet kombination af opløsningsmiddel, plast, varme og tryk, kan indretningen være forseglet med en høj kvalitet binding, karakteriseret ved at have forøget vedhæftning dækning, bindingsstyrke, optisk klarhed, holdbarhed over tid, og lav deformation eller beskadigelse microfeature geometri. Vi beskriver proceduren for limning indretninger fremstillet af to populære termoplast, poly (methyl-methacrylat) (PMMA), og cyclo-olefinpolymer (COP), samt en række forskellige metoder til at karakterisere kvaliteten af ​​de resulterende bindinger, og strategier til troubleshoot obligationer lav kvalitet. Disse metoder kan anvendes til at udvikle nye opløsningsmiddelbinding protokoller for andre systemer plast-solvent.

En skematisk af den generelle fremgangsmåde bonding opløsningsmiddel er vist i figur 1. Den nemmeste måde at vurdere obligation kvalitet er visuelt inspicere bond dækning, da dårlig obligation dækning er let synlig som regioner af ikke-bundet plast, og er tegn på svag binding. Sådanne regioner er typisk nær frie kanter (f.eks periferi enhed, eller i nærheden af åbne porte eller mikrokanaler), og kan også ofte vises omkring eventuelle partikler af sna...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Solvent Bonding for Fabrication of PMMA and COP Microfluidic Devices at JoVE.com

Solvent Bonding for Fabrication of PMMA and COP Microfluidic Devices

Opløsningsmiddel limning er en enkel og alsidig fremgangsmåde til fremstilling af termoplastiske mikrofluidenheder med høj kvalitet obligationer. Vi beskriver en protokol for at opnå stærke, optisk klare obligationer i PMMA og COP mikrofluidenheder som bevarer microfeature detaljer ved en velovervejet kombination af tryk, temperatur, et passende opløsningsmiddel, og enhedens geometri.

Opløsningsmiddel Bonding til Fabrikation af PMMA og COP mikrofluidenheder

Thermoplastic microfluidic devices offer many advantages over those made from silicone elastomers, but bonding procedures must be developed for each ...

The overall goal of this technique is to provide a simple and versatile method for fabricating thermoplastic microfluidic devices with high quality bonds. This solvent bonding procedure will allow us to fabricate well bonded and durable thermoplastic microfluidic devices for a variety of applications from microfluidic cell culture systems to prototypes for point of care diagnostic tools. The main advantage of this technique is that it allows us to quickly and easily bond thermoplastic device layers.The procedure can be easily adapted to bond different thermoplastic materials. Design and fabricate microfluidic device layers from the thermoplastic of choice, using an appropriate fabrication method. Visually inspect the device layers to ensure that edges are clean without burrs or ridges of leftover material from the fabrication process.For best results, check all machined microfeature edges, in addition to the outside edges of the device, under an optical microscope. If leftover material is found during visual inspection, use a razor blade or scalpel to carefully remove any material that prevents the device layers from lying flat against one another so that the interfaces of the layers come into conformal contact. Then, clean the device surfaces with laboratory soap and water.And, dry with compressed air. After submerging the device layers in 2-propanol for two minutes, dry them with compressed air. This video is demonstrated with poly methyl methacrylate, abbreviated PMMA.Please see the text protocol for slight alterations in the procedure when using cyclic olefin polymer, or COP. Preheat, a heated press to 70 degrees celsius and allow the temperature to stabilize. To prepare the solvent for bonding process, measure 0.5 milliliters of ethanol, per square inch of bonding area for PMMA.It's important that an appropriate volume of solvent is applied to the device layers because too much solvent can lead to challenges in aligning layers. Dispense 0.1 milliliters of solvent per square inch of bonding area between cleaned plastic layers and bring the layers together. Visually inspect the bonding interface for air bubbles, which are common and should be removed as much as possible.If bubbles are present, slide the two plastic layers along the bonding interface so that they nearly come apart. And, then, slide them back together. To align the layers of the device by hand, use fingers to align the outer edges of the device.If more accurate alignment is required, include L shaped corner brackets to hold the device layers together. Next, place the device with solvent into the preheated press and apply 2, 300 kPa of pressure for two minutes. Use tweezers to safely remove the hot device for inspection.Bonding is now complete. Finally, remove any remaining liquid in the device using compressed air. Shown here are representative results of a pair of device layers before cleaning and after cleaning.The device layers have been milled to remove burrs. A representative image of a device with solvent added shows bubbles present through the bonding surface that can inhibit bonding. Conversely, well distributed solvent that is free of bubbles leads to strong, high quality bonds.Rapid solvent evaporation, during heating, can lead to regions of unbonded material near free edges of the device, resulting in poor bond coverage, leaky microfluidic features, and low overall bond strength. These regions are visible as lighter patches with colored interference fringes. An optimized solvent plastic system achieves good bond coverage and strength and minimizes damage to microfeatures, while still properly sealing them.Once mastered, a new thermoplastic device design can be fabricated in as little as two hours if the bonding technique is done properly. Remember that working with cyclohexane can be hazardous and should be handled in a fume hood and while wearing personal protective equipment. After watching this video, you will have a simple and versatile method for fabricating thermoplastic microfluidic devices with high quality bonds that are leak free and appropriate for use in cell culture, in point of care diagnostic applications.

Research

JoVE Journal

Engineering

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Fabrication and Testing of Microfluidic Optomechanical Oscillators

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Cavity optomechanics experiments that parametrically couple the phonon modes and photon modes have been investigated in various optical systems including ...

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Termiske Måleteknikker i Analytical mikrofluidenheder

Thermal measurement techniques have been used for many applications such as thermal characterization of materials and chemical reaction detection. ...

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Acoustophoresis refers to the displacement of suspended objects in response to directional forces from sound energy. Given that the suspended objects must ...

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We demonstrate a method for the preparation of fully solution processed inorganic solar cells from a spin and spray coating deposition of nanocrystal ...

Flow-assisted Dielectrophoresis: A Low Cost Method for the Fabrication of High Performance Solution-processable Nanowire Devices

Flow-assisteret dielektroforesis: En billig metode til fremstilling af højtydende løsning-bearbejdes Nanotråd enheder

Flow-assisted dielectrophoresis (DEP) is an efficient self-assembly method for the controllable and reproducible positioning, alignment, and selection of ...

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Tin selenide (SnSe) belongs to the family of layered metal chalcogenide materials with a buckled structure like phosphorene, and has shown potential for ...

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Uniform and size-controllable poly (ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA) droplets could be produced via the flow focusing process in a microfluidic device. ...

Fabrication of Refractive-index-matched Devices for Biomedical Microfluidics

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The use of microfluidic devices has emerged as a defining tool for biomedical applications. When combined with modern microscopy techniques, these devices ...