Name: solvent bonding for fabrication of pmma and cop microfluidic devices
Uploaded: 2017-01-17T15:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Solvent Bonding for Fabrication of PMMA and COP Microfluidic Devices at JoVE.com

Vi erkjenner økonomisk støtte fra naturvitenskap og Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC, # 436117-2013), den Cancer Research Society (CRS, # 20172), Myelomatose Canada, og Grand Challenges Canada.

Merk at alle trinnene som er beskrevet nedenfor har blitt utviklet og gjennomført i et ikke-renromsmiljø. De løsningsmiddel-bindetrinn kan sikkert bli utført i et renrom, hvis tilgjengelig, men dette er ikke nødvendig. 1. Utarbeidelse av Termo microfluidic Enhets Layers <ol><li> Design og dikte microfluidic enhets lag fra termo av valget, med en passende fremstillingsmetode (f.eks micromilling 15, preging 16-18, sprøytestøping). <...

<ol>
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K., Berthier, E., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Rapid+prototyping+of+arrayed+microfluidic+systems+in+polystyrene+for+cell-based+assays.">Rapid prototyping of arrayed microfluidic systems in polystyrene for cell-based assays.</a> Analytical Chemistry. 83 (4), 1408-1417 (2011).</li><li>Truckenm&#252;ller, R., Henzi, P., Herrmann, D., Saile, V., Schomburg, W. K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Bonding+of+polymer+microstructures+by+UV+irradiation+and+subsequent+welding+at+low+temperatures.">Bonding of polymer microstructures by UV irradiation and subsequent welding at low temperatures.</a> Microsystem Technologies. 10 (5), 372-374 (2004).</li><li>Tsao, C. W., Hromada, L., Liu, J., Kumar, P., DeVoe, D. 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Gjennomførbarheten av potensielle bindings strategier avhenger av tilgjengelig utstyr. Mens kokeplatene er relativt vanlige og vekter kan kjøpes billig, vil høytrykks strategier som krever bruk av en oppvarmet presse. For eksempel krever vår optimal PMMA bonding oppskrift høytrykks å bånd med etanol (se tabell 1), og det nødvendige trykket er ikke oppnåelig for vanlige enhets størrelser ved hjelp av frie vekter. Hvis således bare en varmeplate og vekter er tilgjengelige, PMMA kan i stedet væ...

MicroFluidics har dukket opp i løpet av de siste tjue årene som teknisk godt egnet for å studere kjemi og fysikk på mikro 1, og med økende løfte om å bidra vesentlig til biologi forskning 2-4. De fleste av microfluidic enheter har historisk vært fremstilt av poly (dimetylsiloksan) (PDMS), en silikon-elastomer som er enkel å bruke, billig, og har høy kvalitet trekk replikering 5. Men PDMS har veldokumentert mangler og er uforenlig med høyt volum fabrikasjon prosesser 6,7, og som sådan, har det vært en økende trend mot fabrikere microfluidic enheter fra termoplastmaterialer, på grunn av sitt potensial for masseproduksjon og dermed kommersialisering. En av de store hindringene for bredere adopsjon av plast microfabrication har vært å oppnå enkel, høy kvalitet liming av plast enheter. Aktuelle strategier ansette thermal, lim og løsemidler bonding teknikker, men mange lider av betydelige utfordringer. Termisk binding øker autofluorescens 8 og ofte deformeres microchannel geometrier 9 - 11, mens limet teknikker krever stensiler, forsiktig justering, og til slutt forlater tykkelsen av klebemidlet utsettes for microchannel 10. Løsningsmidlet binding er attraktivt på grunn av sin enkelhet, tunability, og lav pris 10,12 - 14. Spesielt muliggjør dens tunability optimalisering for en rekke av plast, som kan gi konsekvent høy kvalitet binding som minimaliserer deformasjon av microfeatures 14. I løpet av oppløsningsmiddel binding, øker oppløsningsmiddel eksponering mobiliteten av polymerkjedene i nærheten av overflaten av plast, som gjør det mulig for inter-diffusjon av kjedene på tvers av binding grensesnittet. Dette fører til forviklinger via mekanisk forrigling av Diffuseranordningen kjeder, og resulterer i aphysical bond 10. Termisk binding fungerer på en lignende måte, men er avhengig av forhøyet temperatur alene for å øke kjedemobilitet. Således termiske metoder krever temperaturer nær eller over glassomvandlingstemperaturen til polymeren, mens anvendelse av løsningsmidler kan i betydelig grad redusere den temperatur som er nødvendig for binding, og derved redusere uønsket deformasjon. Vi tilbyr en spesifikk protokoll for liming både PMMA og COP-enheter. Men beskriver denne protokollen og metoden en enkel, generell tilnærming for løsemiddel liming av termo microfluidic enheter som kan skreddersys for andre plastmaterialer, løsemidler, og tilgjengelig utstyr. Vi beskriver en rekke metoder for å vurdere kvaliteten av obligasjoner (for eksempel bond dekning, bindestyrke, bond holdbarhet, og deformasjon av microfeature geometrier), og gi feilsøkings tilnærminger for å løse disse felles utfordringer.

<table border="1" fo:keep-together.within-page="1" fo:keep-with-next.within-page="always">
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>COP</td>
			<td>Zeonor</td>
			<td>604Z1020R080</td>
			<td>20 kg COP Pellets - 1020R. Multiple suppliers can be used, but may affect bonding characteristics.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>PMMA</td>
			<td>McMaster Carr</td>
			<td>8560K173</td>
			<td>1.5 mm sheet thickness for our typical applications. Multiple suppliers can be used, but may affect bonding characteristics.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Cyclohexane</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>227048</td>
			<td>Cyclohexane, anhydrous, 99.5%. Multiple suppliers can be used. Toxic, requires fumehood.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Ethanol</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>24102</td>
			<td>Ethanol, absolute, &#8805;99.8% (GC). Multiple suppliers can be used.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Acetone</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>179124</td>
			<td>Acetone, ACS reagent, &#8805;99.5%. Multiple suppliers can be used.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>2-Propanol</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>278475</td>
			<td>2-Propanol, anhydrous, 99.5%. Multiple suppliers can be used.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Hot plate(s)</td>
			<td>Torrey Pines Scientific</td>
			<td>HP60</td>
			<td>Fully programmable digital hotplate. Multiple suppliers can be used.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Free weights</td>
			<td>Cap Barbell</td>
			<td>RPG#2</td>
			<td>Standard cast iron plate. Multiple suppliers and different weights can be used.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Heated press</td>
			<td>Carver</td>
			<td>Auto CH</td>
			<td>Auto series heated hydraulic press. Multiple suppliers can be used. A press that fits in a fumehood would allow the most flexibility (this model does not).</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>CNC Milling Machine</td>
			<td>Tormach</td>
			<td>PCNC 770</td>
			<td>3 Axis CNC mill. Multiple suppliers can be used.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Endmills</td>
			<td>Various</td>
			<td>Various</td>
			<td>Required sizes depend on designs. Multiple suppliers can be used.</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

solvent bonding for fabrication of pmma and cop microfluidic devices

Termoplast microfluidic enheter tilbyr mange fordeler i forhold til de som er laget av silikon elastomerer, men bonding prosedyrer må utvikles for hver termo av interesse. Løsningsmidlet binding er en enkel og allsidig fremgangsmåte som kan brukes til å fremstille enheter fra en rekke plast. Et passende løsningsmiddel tilsettes mellom to innretnings lag som skal limes, og varme og trykk tilføres til enheten for å lette bindingen. Ved å bruke en passende kombinasjon av løsemidler, plast, varme og trykk, kan enheten være forseglet med en høy kvalitet binding, karakterisert som å ha høy bindingen dekning, bindestyrke, optisk klarhet, holdbarhet over tid, og lav deformasjon eller skade på microfeature geometri. Vi beskriver fremgangsmåten til liming av anordninger fremstilt av to populære termoplast, poly (metyl-metakrylat) (PMMA), og cyclo-olefin polymer (COP), så vel som en rekke metoder for å karakterisere kvaliteten av de resulterende bindinger, og strategier Troubleshoot lav kvalitet obligasjoner. Disse metodene kan brukes til å utvikle nye løsemiddelbinde protokoller for andre plast-løsningsmiddel-systemer.

En skjematisk av den generelle oppløsningsmidlet bindings prosedyre er vist i figur 1. Den enkleste måten å vurdere obligasjons kvalitet er å visuelt inspisere bindingen dekning, ettersom dårlig bindingen dekning er lett synlig som regioner av ubundet plast, og er et tegn på svak binding. Slike områder er vanligvis nær frie kanter (f.eks periferien av enheten, eller i nærheten av åpne porter eller mikro), og kan også ofte vises rundt eventuelle partik...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Solvent Bonding for Fabrication of PMMA and COP Microfluidic Devices at JoVE.com

Solvent Bonding for Fabrication of PMMA and COP Microfluidic Devices

Løsningsmidlet binding er en enkel og allsidig fremgangsmåte for fremstilling av termoplastiske microfluidic enheter med høy kvalitet bindinger. Vi beskriver en protokoll for å oppnå sterke, optisk klare bindinger i PMMA og COP microfluidic enheter som bevarer microfeature detaljer, av en skjønnsom kombinasjon av trykk, temperatur, et passende løsningsmiddel, og anordning geometri.

Solvent Bonding for fabrikasjon av PMMA og COP microfluidic enheter

Thermoplastic microfluidic devices offer many advantages over those made from silicone elastomers, but bonding procedures must be developed for each ...

The overall goal of this technique is to provide a simple and versatile method for fabricating thermoplastic microfluidic devices with high quality bonds. This solvent bonding procedure will allow us to fabricate well bonded and durable thermoplastic microfluidic devices for a variety of applications from microfluidic cell culture systems to prototypes for point of care diagnostic tools. The main advantage of this technique is that it allows us to quickly and easily bond thermoplastic device layers.The procedure can be easily adapted to bond different thermoplastic materials. Design and fabricate microfluidic device layers from the thermoplastic of choice, using an appropriate fabrication method. Visually inspect the device layers to ensure that edges are clean without burrs or ridges of leftover material from the fabrication process.For best results, check all machined microfeature edges, in addition to the outside edges of the device, under an optical microscope. If leftover material is found during visual inspection, use a razor blade or scalpel to carefully remove any material that prevents the device layers from lying flat against one another so that the interfaces of the layers come into conformal contact. Then, clean the device surfaces with laboratory soap and water.And, dry with compressed air. After submerging the device layers in 2-propanol for two minutes, dry them with compressed air. This video is demonstrated with poly methyl methacrylate, abbreviated PMMA.Please see the text protocol for slight alterations in the procedure when using cyclic olefin polymer, or COP. Preheat, a heated press to 70 degrees celsius and allow the temperature to stabilize. To prepare the solvent for bonding process, measure 0.5 milliliters of ethanol, per square inch of bonding area for PMMA.It's important that an appropriate volume of solvent is applied to the device layers because too much solvent can lead to challenges in aligning layers. Dispense 0.1 milliliters of solvent per square inch of bonding area between cleaned plastic layers and bring the layers together. Visually inspect the bonding interface for air bubbles, which are common and should be removed as much as possible.If bubbles are present, slide the two plastic layers along the bonding interface so that they nearly come apart. And, then, slide them back together. To align the layers of the device by hand, use fingers to align the outer edges of the device.If more accurate alignment is required, include L shaped corner brackets to hold the device layers together. Next, place the device with solvent into the preheated press and apply 2, 300 kPa of pressure for two minutes. Use tweezers to safely remove the hot device for inspection.Bonding is now complete. Finally, remove any remaining liquid in the device using compressed air. Shown here are representative results of a pair of device layers before cleaning and after cleaning.The device layers have been milled to remove burrs. A representative image of a device with solvent added shows bubbles present through the bonding surface that can inhibit bonding. Conversely, well distributed solvent that is free of bubbles leads to strong, high quality bonds.Rapid solvent evaporation, during heating, can lead to regions of unbonded material near free edges of the device, resulting in poor bond coverage, leaky microfluidic features, and low overall bond strength. These regions are visible as lighter patches with colored interference fringes. An optimized solvent plastic system achieves good bond coverage and strength and minimizes damage to microfeatures, while still properly sealing them.Once mastered, a new thermoplastic device design can be fabricated in as little as two hours if the bonding technique is done properly. Remember that working with cyclohexane can be hazardous and should be handled in a fume hood and while wearing personal protective equipment. After watching this video, you will have a simple and versatile method for fabricating thermoplastic microfluidic devices with high quality bonds that are leak free and appropriate for use in cell culture, in point of care diagnostic applications.

Research

JoVE Journal

Engineering

Fabrication of Uniform Nanoscale Cavities via Silicon Direct Wafer Bonding

Fabrikasjon av ensartede nanoskala hulrom via silisium direkte wafer binding

Measurements of the heat capacity and superfluid fraction of confined 4He have been performed near the lambda transition using lithographically patterned ...

Fabrication and Testing of Microfluidic Optomechanical Oscillators

Fabrikasjon og testing av Microfluidic optomekaniske oscillatorer

Cavity optomechanics experiments that parametrically couple the phonon modes and photon modes have been investigated in various optical systems including ...

Fabrication of Gate-tunable Graphene Devices for Scanning Tunneling Microscopy Studies with Coulomb Impurities

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Owing to its relativistic low-energy charge carriers, the interaction between graphene and various impurities leads to a wealth of new physics and degrees ...

Thermal Measurement Techniques in Analytical Microfluidic Devices

Termiske Måleteknikk i Analytiske microfluidic enheter

Thermal measurement techniques have been used for many applications such as thermal characterization of materials and chemical reaction detection. ...

Fabrication and Operation of Acoustofluidic Devices Supporting Bulk Acoustic Standing Waves for Sheathless Focusing of Particles

Fabrikasjon og drift av Acoustofluidic enheter som har støtte Bulk Acoustic stående bølger for Sheathless Fokusering av partikler

Acoustophoresis refers to the displacement of suspended objects in response to directional forces from sound energy. Given that the suspended objects must ...

Fabrication of Fully Solution Processed Inorganic Nanocrystal Photovoltaic Devices

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We demonstrate a method for the preparation of fully solution processed inorganic solar cells from a spin and spray coating deposition of nanocrystal ...

Flow-assisted Dielectrophoresis: A Low Cost Method for the Fabrication of High Performance Solution-processable Nanowire Devices

Flyt-assistert Dielectrophoresis: En rimelig metode for fabrikasjon av høytytende løsningen-processable Nanowire enheter

Flow-assisted dielectrophoresis (DEP) is an efficient self-assembly method for the controllable and reproducible positioning, alignment, and selection of ...

Atmospheric Pressure Fabrication of Large-Sized Single-Layer Rectangular SnSe Flakes

Lufttrykk fabrikasjon av store enkeltlags-rektangulære SnSe Flakes

Tin selenide (SnSe) belongs to the family of layered metal chalcogenide materials with a buckled structure like phosphorene, and has shown potential for ...

Generation of Size-controlled Poly (ethylene Glycol) Diacrylate Droplets via Semi-3-Dimensional Flow Focusing Microfluidic Devices

Generation of Size-controlled Poly ethylene Glycol Diacrylate Droplets via Semi-3-Dimensional Flow Focusing Microfluidic Devices

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Uniform and size-controllable poly (ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA) droplets could be produced via the flow focusing process in a microfluidic device. ...

Fabrication of Refractive-index-matched Devices for Biomedical Microfluidics

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The use of microfluidic devices has emerged as a defining tool for biomedical applications. When combined with modern microscopy techniques, these devices ...