Name: imaging neurons within thick brain sections using the golgi-cox method
Uploaded: 2017-04-18T13:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Imaging Neurons within Thick Brain Sections Using the Golgi-Cox Method at JoVE.com

이 작품은 자연 과학 및 캐나다 (NSERC)의 공학 연구 협의회, 혁신에 대한 캐나다 재단 (CFI 프로젝트 번호 30381)에서 CDCB에 존 R. 에반스 지도자 기금 연구 인프라 보조금, 그리고에 의해에서 CDCB에 발견 그랜트에 의해 지원되었다 NSERC에서 NJM에 발견 그랜트. ELL는 온타리오 대학원 장학금에 의해 구 엘프 대학의 온타리오 수의과 대학에서 OVC 장학금에 의해 지원되었다. CDS는 NSERC에서 학부 학생 연구 조교에 의해 지원되었다. ALM은 NSERC에서 알렉산더 그레이엄 벨 (Alexander Graham Bell) 장학금에 의해 구 엘프 대학의 온타리오 수의과 대학에서 OVC 장학금에 의해 지원되었다.

성인 여성 CD1 - 변형 마우스는이 연구에 사용되었다. 유사 염색은 다양한 연령층에서 남녀 모두를 사용하여 수행 할 수 있습니다. 실험 동물은 원칙과 동물 관리에있는 캐나다 협의회의 지침에 따라 마음에 든다고하고, 실험 프로토콜은 구 엘프 동물 관리위원회의 대학에 의해 승인되었다. 1. 골지 - 콕스 염색 <ol><li> 두뇌의 골지 - 콕스 함침 <ol><li> 별도로 고품?...

<ol>
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우리는 두께 뇌 부분에서 신경을 시각화 여기 골지 - 콕스 염색 프로토콜이 유용한 변종과 함께 설명합니다. 대표 결과에 나타낸 바와 같이, 긴 800 μm의 작동 거리가있는 고해상도 목적의 사용은 500 μm의 절단 뇌 부분의 깊이에 걸쳐 전체 뉴런의 신뢰성 시각화 수 있습니다. 비교적 두꺼운 뇌 섹션의이 연구는 모든 유형의 스테인드 신경 세포가 완전히 길고 복잡한 꼭대기 수지상 나무와 피라미드 ...

조직 샘플 내의 개별 뉴런의 시각화는 뇌에 대한 우리의 이해를 전진 크게하고이 내인성 질환이나 외생 적 환경 적 요인에 의해 영향을받을 수있는 방법 신경 세포의 형태 학적 특성의 현장에서 분석이 가능합니다. 골지 - 콕스 염색법은 뇌에서 뉴런의 무작위 샘플을 염색하는 비용 효율적인 상대적으로 단순한 방법이다. 먼저 1800 년대에 골지 (1)에 의해 개발 콕스 2에 의해 수정, 연구자들은 또한, 시각화 및 수지상 트리 형태와 척추 밀도 3, 4 모두 정량화하는 데 사용할 수있는 명확하고 잘 스테인드 뉴런을 생산하기 위해 수년에 걸쳐이 기술을 세련했다 5, 6, 7, 8, 9,. 뇌 섹션 내에서 스테인드 뉴런의 시각화를위한 주요 기술적 인 고려 사항은 가능한 고배율 / 고해상도 현미경 목표의 작동 거리에 의해 제한되는 최대 슬라이스 두께입니다. 60 공통 오일 침지 목표 - 100X는 뛰어난 해상도를 제공 범위하지만, 일반적으로 200 μm의보다 크지 않습니다 자신의 작업 거리에 의해 제한됩니다. 200 ㎛의 범위로 잘라 뇌 절편 대뇌 피질 (10),의 CA1 영역 11, 12, 피라미드 신경의 얕은 층에서의 예시적인 피라미드 신경이 슬라이스 두께 내에 포함될 수있는 소정의 신경 세포 유형을 시각화하기 적합 할 수 해마 (15)의 치아 이랑에서 해마 13, 14, 및 과립 세포. 상대적으로 이상과 뉴런이러한 뇌 전체 수지상 트리를 포함하는 완벽한 각도로 구분 될 필요가 있기 때문에 셀 본체 (16)에서 800 μm의를 확장 할 수 있습니다 마우스, 더 큰 도전을 제공하는 대뇌 피질의 깊은 층에서 피라미드 신경 세포로 수지상 나무, 200 개 μm의 슬라이스 내의. 수지상 또는 분기 중 입쪽 또는 꼬리 방향으로 연장되는 경우에도 실현 될 수 없다. 그것은 다수의 뇌에 인접 섹션에 걸쳐 신경을 추적하여 이러한 제약을 해결하는 것이 가능하지만,이 방식은 17 정확하게 추적하는 섹션을 정렬하는 데 중요한 기술적 도전을 소개한다. 더 실용적인 접근 방식은 더 큰 두께로 잘라 뇌 섹션에 포함 된 전체 뉴런을 시각화하는 것입니다. 골지 - 콕스 방법을 사용하여 마우스의 500 μm의 두께 뇌 부분, 그들의 개월을 시각화 - 우리는 여기에 (400) 내에서 신경 세포를 염색하는 기술을보고rphology 800 μm의 작동 거리를 갖는 고해상도 실리콘 오일 침지 목적을 사용. 우리가 설명하는 골지 - 콕스 함침 처리 프로토콜은 문헌 (6)에 가장 많이 인용 된 현대 프로토콜 중 하나에서 수정됩니다. 두꺼운 뇌 섹션 우리의 접근 방식은 완전히 섹션에 포함 된 모든 유형의 뉴런을 식별의 가능성을 증가시키는 장점을 제공한다. 기본 프로토콜뿐만 아니라, 또한 독특한 장점 제공 본 개의 변형 : 위해 장착 섹션의 표면 상 크레 실 바이올렛 Counterstain과 함께 (1) 골지 - 콕스 염색 뇌 영역의 경계를 정의하고, 레이어를 식별 할 단면 처리 및 최종 처리 이전에 함침 전체 뇌의 장기 저장을위한 중간 제빙 단계와 대뇌 피질, (2) - 골지 콕스 염색.

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="775">
	<tbody>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:288px;">potassium dichromate</td>
			<td style="width:147px;">Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:175px;">P188-100</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">Hazardous</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:288px;">potassium chromate</td>
			<td style="width:147px;">Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:175px;">P220-100</td>
			<td>Hazardous</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:288px;">mercuric chloride</td>
			<td style="width:147px;">Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:175px;">S25423</td>
			<td>Hazardous</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:288px;">Whatman grade 1 filter paper</td>
			<td style="width:147px;">Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:175px;">1001-185</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:288px;">isoflurane</td>
			<td style="width:147px;">Pharmaceutical Partners of Canada</td>
			<td style="width:175px;">CP0406V2</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:288px;">20 mL scintillation vial</td>
			<td style="width:147px;">Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:175px;">03-337-4</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:288px;">sucrose</td>
			<td style="width:147px;">Bioshop Canada</td>
			<td style="width:175px;">SUC700.1</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:288px;">sodium phosphate monobasic</td>
			<td style="width:147px;">Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:175px;">S5011-500G</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:288px;">sodium phosphate dibasic</td>
			<td style="width:147px;">Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:175px;">S9390-500G</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:288px;">50 mL conical tube</td>
			<td style="width:147px;">Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:175px;">12-565-271</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:288px;">isopentane</td>
			<td style="width:147px;">Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:175px;">AC126470010</td>
			<td>also known as 2-methylbutane. Hazardous</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:288px;">agar</td>
			<td style="width:147px;">Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:175px;">A1296-100G</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:288px;">small weigh dish</td>
			<td style="width:147px;">Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:175px;">02-202-100</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:288px;">vibratome</td>
			<td style="width:147px;">Leica</td>
			<td style="width:175px;">VT1000 S</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:288px;">6 well tissue culture plates</td>
			<td style="width:147px;">Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:175px;">08-772-1b</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:288px;">mesh bottom tissue culture inserts</td>
			<td style="width:147px;">Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:175px;">07-200-214</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="68">
			<td height="68" style="height:68px;width:288px;">paraformadelhyde, 16%</td>
			<td style="width:147px;">Electron Microscope Sciences</td>
			<td style="width:175px;">15710-S</td>
			<td>Hazardous</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:288px;">ammonium hydroxide</td>
			<td style="width:147px;">Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:175px;">A669S-500</td>
			<td>Hazardous</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:288px;">Kodak Fixative A</td>
			<td style="width:147px;">Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:175px;">P7542</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:288px;">superfrost plus slides</td>
			<td style="width:147px;">Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:175px;">12-550-15</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:288px;">CitroSolv clearing agent</td>
			<td style="width:147px;">Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:175px;">22-143-975</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:288px;">anhydrous ethyl alcohol</td>
			<td style="width:147px;">Commercial Alcohols</td>
			<td style="width:175px;">N/A</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:288px;">cresyl violet</td>
			<td style="width:147px;">Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:175px;">C1791</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:288px;">permount</td>
			<td style="width:147px;">Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:175px;">SP15-100</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:288px;">upright microscope</td>
			<td style="width:147px;">Olympus</td>
			<td style="width:175px;">BX53 model</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:288px;">colour camera, 12 bit</td>
			<td style="width:147px;">MBF Biosciences</td>
			<td style="width:175px;">DV-47d</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">QImaging part 01-MBF-2000R-F-CLR-12</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:43px;width:288px;">three-dimensional motorized microscope stage, controller and enoders</td>
			<td style="width:147px;">MBF Biosciences</td>
			<td style="width:175px;">N/A</td>
			<td>Supplied and integrated with microscope by MBF Biosciences</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:288px;">4x microscope objective</td>
			<td style="width:147px;">Olympus</td>
			<td style="width:175px;">4x 0.16 N.A. UplanSApo</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:288px;">10x microscope objective</td>
			<td style="width:147px;">Olympus</td>
			<td style="width:175px;">10x 0.3 N.A. UPlan FL N&#160;</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:288px;">30x microscope objective</td>
			<td style="width:147px;">Olympus</td>
			<td>30x 1.05 N.A. UPlanSApo&#160;</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:288px;">60x microscope objective</td>
			<td style="width:147px;">Olympus</td>
			<td>60x 1.42 N.A. PlanAPO N</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:288px;">silicone immersion oil</td>
			<td style="width:147px;">Olympus</td>
			<td style="width:175px;">Z-81114</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:288px;">Neurolucida software</td>
			<td style="width:147px;">MBF Biosciences</td>
			<td style="width:175px;">Version 10</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:288px;">ImageJ software</td>
			<td style="width:147px;">U. S. National Institutes of Health</td>
			<td style="width:175px;">Current version</td>
			<td>With the OME Bio-Formats plugin installed</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:288px;">Photoshop software</td>
			<td style="width:147px;">Adobe</td>
			<td style="width:175px;">version CS6</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

imaging neurons within thick brain sections using the golgi-cox method

신경 세포 염색의 골지 - 콕스 방법은 조직 학적 뇌 샘플 내에서 신경 세포의 형태에 대한 우리의 이해를 사전에 200 개 이상의 년 동안 사용되어왔다. 완전히 단일 구역 내에 포함 된 스테인드 뉴런을 식별하는 가능성을 증가시키기 위해, 가능한 한 최대 두께 뇌 부분을 제조 실용적인 관점에서 바람직하지만,이 방법은 높은 작업 거리만큼 기술적 인 관점에서 제한 -magnification 현미경 목표. 우리는 여기에 500 개 μm의 두께로 절단 마우스 뇌 섹션의 골지 - 콕스 방법을 사용하여 신경 세포를 염색하고, 고해상도 30 배 1.05 NA 실리콘 장착 직립 현미경을 사용하여이 부분의 깊이를 통해 뉴런을 시각화하기 위해 프로토콜을보고 800 μm의 작동 거리를 갖는 오일 액침 대물. 우리는 또한의 표면을 Counterstain과에 이용 될 수있다이 프로토콜의 두 가지 유용한 변종을보고크레 실 바이올렛 니슬 뇌 부분을 장착하기 전이나 절편 및 최종 처리에 장기 저장을위한 전체 뇌 동결. 주요 프로토콜과의 두 가지 변종은 전체 신경 세포의 수지상 나무와 수상 돌기 가시가 안정적으로 시각화 및 정량화 할 수있는 전체에 스테인드 두께 뇌 부분을 생산하고 있습니다.

500 μm의 두께 뇌 구역 -이 골지체 콕스 - 염색 프로토콜과 두 바와 선택적 변이체 (400) 내의 개별 뉴런을 시각화하는데 이용 될 수있다. 10 배의 대물 렌즈와 Z 축에서 5 ㎛의 단계를 사용하여 캡처 이차원 Z-돌기 대표 화상 몽타주는도 1에 도시된다 : A1 - 전방 피질 영역 (1)과를 포함하는 코로나 뇌 부분의 넓은 영역에 대한 C1 이차 운동 ?...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Imaging Neurons within Thick Brain Sections Using the Golgi-Cox Method at JoVE.com

Imaging Neurons within Thick Brain Sections Using the Golgi-Cox Method

우리는 하나의 조직 샘플에 포함 된 긴 수지상 나무와 뉴런을 시각화하기 위해, 두께 뇌 부분에 골지 - 콕스 염색 방법을 사용하기위한 프로토콜을 제시한다. 이 프로토콜의 두 가지 변종은 크레 실 바이올렛으로 대조, 장기 저장을위한 처리되지 않은 뇌의 동결을 포함 그되게됩니다.

골지 - 콕스 방법을 사용하여 두꺼운 뇌 섹션 내에서 이미징 뉴런

The Golgi-Cox method of neuron staining has been employed for more than two hundred years to advance our understanding of neuron morphology within ...

The overall goal of this procedure is to determine the effective treatment on the morphology of neurons within the rodent brain. This method can help answer key questions in the neuroscience field, such as the normal and experimentally manipulated morphology of neurons within various regions of the rodent brain. This technique has the main advantage of increasing the probability of identifying and visualizing labeled neurons that are fully contained within single histological samples.Begin Golgi-Cox staining by placing a fresh mouse brain into a 20 milliliter glass scintillation vial containing 17 milliliters of Golgi-Cox solution. Protect from light and incubate at room temperature for 25 days. Once the incubation period has elapsed, Cryo protect the brain by placing it into 40 milliliters of sucrose cryoprotectant, and incubate in the dark at 4 degrees celsius for 24 hours.After the incubation in sucrose, the brain can be frozen for long term storage, or immediately blocked for sectioning as shown in the next section of the video. If freezing, immerse the whole brain in 200 milliliters of isopentane that has been precooled on dry ice. Then place the frozen brain into a 50 milliliter conical tube and store in the dark at minus 80 degrees celsius.To begin, remove the brain from the sucrose. And use a razor blade to block it for sectioning by cutting off the cerebellum, leaving a flat edge at the remaining caudal end of the brain. The brain must be blocked at a precise angle to ensure that neurons of interest are fully contained within the resulting sections.For example, we use a coronal plane that is perfectly perpendicular to the rostral caudal axis for cerebral cortex pyramidal neurons. Next, heat agar until it is melted. And let it cool until it is slightly above it's melting point.Then place the brain in a small disposable weigh dish with the caudal end face down. Add melted agar to cover the brain. Once the agar has solidified, trim the excess leaving approximately two to four milliliters surrounding the brain.Then use a small amount of ethyl cyanoacrylate to glue the brain to the stage of a vibratome with it's caudal end face down. Fill the stage area of the vibratome with enough sucrose cryoprotectant to cover the brain. Then section the brain at a slice thickness of 400 to 500 microns depending on the brain region to be examined.Using a small paintbrush, place brain sections into wells of a six well tissue culture plate containing mesh bottom inserts and pre filled with sucrose M phosphate buffer. Protect from light during sectioning. When finished sectioning, incubate sections in the dark at four degrees celsius overnight.Using the mesh bottom inserts, transfer the brain sections into a new well containing five milliliters of paraformaldehyde in phosphate buffer. Incubate on a rocker moving at slow speed at room temperature in the dark for 15 minutes. Wash the sections twice by transferring them to new wells containing five milliliters of water.Protect from light and wash at moderate speed at room temperature for five minutes. Next, transfer the sections into a new well containing five milliliters of ammonium hydroxide. Rock slowly in the dark at room temperature for 15 minutes.Wash the sections twice by transferring them to new wells containing five milliliters of water. Wash on a rocker moving at moderate speed in the dark at room temperature for five minutes. Transfer the sections into a new well containing five milliliters of diluted fixative A.Incubate on a rocker moving at slow speed in the dark at room temperature for 25 minutes.Wash sections in water twice as before. Use a small paintbrush to place the sections onto a microscope slide, then use tweezers and a small tissue to remove excess water and agar. Ensure that all agar is removed before proceeding with the dehydration steps.Allow the sections to air dry at room temperature protected from light. The appropriate drying time is critical, and should be determined for each laboratory. Too short of a time may result in sections falling off of slides during dehydration steps, and too long of a time may result in sections cracking.After drying, first place the slides in clearing agent for five minutes. Place the slides in 100%ethanol for five minutes. Then move through a series of decreasing ethanol concentrations for two minutes each.After the alcohol series, place the slides in water for five minutes. Then stain in 0.5%cresyl violet in water for seven minutes. Following the cresyl violet stain, place the slides in water for two minutes.Then dehydrate the sections through a series of increasing alcohol concentrations for two minutes each. Then two washes in 100%ethanol for five minutes. Place in clearing agent for five minutes.Finally add an anhydrous mounting medium and place a cover slip over the sections. Allow slides to dry horizontally in the dark at room temperature for at least five days. To capture high resolution image stacks of the area containing the neuron of interest, first select a 30X 1.05 NA silicone oil immersion objective on the microscope.Then apply three to four drops of silicone immersion oil to the slide. Place the objective over the slide, ensuring contact between the objective and oil. Focus the image and adjust the camera settings including the exposure and white balance in the imaging software.Next set the upper and lower boundaries for the image stack by focusing to the top of the section, and then selecting set next to top of stack within the image acquisition window. Then focus to the bottom of the section, and select set next to bottom of stack. Set the step distance to one micron by entering one micron next to distance between images within the image acquisition window.Lastly capture the image stack by selecting acquire image stack within the image acquisition window. Repeat the previous steps to capture the entire area of interest making sure that all image stacks overlap by at least 10%in the X and Y axes. This image of the cerebral cortex is a merged Z projection of image stacks acquired from a 500 micron thick section using a 10X objective.The tissue in this image was processed using the main all fresh protocol. The area indicated by the red square was imaged using a 30X silicon oil immersion objective and a higher resolution merged Z projection image stack was acquired. The red arrow shows the two dimensional Z projection of a neuron that was traced from the high resolution 30X image stack.Here the fresh protocol variant with cresyl violet staining was used. This higher resolution image shows the cresyl violet stained section. And this is the neuron tracing obtained.Finally this tissue was processed using the protocol variant in which brains are frozen following Golgi-Cox impregnation. Here the previously frozen tissue is seen at higher resolution. And once again a high quality two dimensional Z projection of the neuron tracing is obtained.This technique can be completed within one month with the processing and imaging steps completed within the final week. Brains can alternatively be frozen following Golgi-Cox impregnation allowing for the processing and imaging to be completed at a later date. Following this procedure, neuroscientists can use the captured images to perform detailed morphological analyses such as dendrite complexity or spine density in order to determine how an experimental manipulation can alter the structure of neurons within the brain.

Research

JoVE Journal

Neuroscience

A Rapid Approach to High-Resolution Fluorescence Imaging in Semi-Thick Brain Slices

세미 두께 뇌 조각의 고해상도 형광 이미징에 대한 빠른 접근

A fundamental goal to both basic and clinical neuroscience is to better understand the identities, molecular makeup, and patterns of connectivity that are ...

연구

신경과학

Morphometric Analyses of Retinal Sections

망막 섹션 Morphometric 분석

Morphometric analyses of retinal sections have been used in examining retinal diseases. For examples, neuronal cells were significantly lost in the ...

Imaging Calcium Responses in GFP-tagged Neurons of Hypothalamic Mouse Brain Slices

Hypothalamic 마우스 뇌 슬라이스의 GFP 태그 뉴런의 영상 칼슘 응답

Despite an enormous increase in our knowledge about the mechanisms underlying the encoding of information in the brain, a central question concerning the ...

Visualizing the Effects of a Positive Early Experience, Tactile Stimulation, on Dendritic Morphology and Synaptic Connectivity with Golgi-Cox Staining

골지 콕스 염색과 돌기​​ 형태와 시냅스 연결에 대한 긍정적 인 초기 경험, 촉각 자극의 효과를 시각화

To generate longer-term changes in behavior, experiences must be producing stable changes in neuronal morphology and synaptic connectivity. Tactile ...

Juxtacellular Monitoring and Localization of Single Neurons within Sub-cortical Brain Structures of Alert, Head-restrained Rats

경고, 헤드 억제 쥐의 하위 대뇌 피질의 뇌 구조 내에서 Juxtacellular 모니터링 및 현지화 단일의 뉴런

There are a variety of techniques to monitor extracellular activity of single neuronal units. However, monitoring this activity from deep brain structures ...

Imaging Serotonergic Fibers in the Mouse Spinal Cord Using the CLARITY/CUBIC Technique

CLARITY를 사용하여 마우스 척수에서 세로토닌 섬유 이미징 / CUBIC 기술

Long descending fibers to the spinal cord are essential for locomotion, pain perception, and other behaviors. The fiber termination pattern in the spinal ...

Preparation of Acute Brain Slices Using an Optimized N-Methyl-D-glucamine Protective Recovery Method

Preparation of Acute Brain Slices Using an Optimized N-Methyl-D-glucamine Protective Recovery Method

최적화 된 N를 사용 하 여 급성 뇌 조각의 준비-메 틸-D-glucamine 보호 복구 방법

This protocol is a practical guide to the N-methyl-D-glucamine (NMDG) protective recovery method of brain slice preparation. Numerous recent studies have ...

Assessment of Hippocampal Dendritic Complexity in Aged Mice Using the Golgi-Cox Method

골지 - 콕스 방법을 이용한 고령의 해마 상피 세포의 수지상 돌기 복잡성 평가

Dendritic spines are the protuberances from the neuronal dendritic shafts that contain&#160; excitatory synapses. The morphological and branching ...

Determining the Functional Status of the Corticospinal Tract Within One Week of Stroke

뇌졸중 1 주일 이내에 코르티코 척수의 기능 상태 결정

High interindividual variability in the recovery of upper limb (UL) function after stroke means it is difficult to predict an individual&#39;s potential ...

Investigation of Spatial Interaction Between Astrocytes and Neurons in Cleared Brains

맑은 뇌에서 성상세포와 뉴런 사이의 공간적 상호작용 조사

Combining viral vector transduction and tissue clearing using the CLARITY method makes it possible to simultaneously investigate several types of brain ...