Name: expression of exogenous cytokine in patient-derived xenografts via injection with a cytokine-transduced stromal cell line
Uploaded: 2017-05-10T12:30:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Expression of Exogenous Cytokine in Patient-derived Xenografts via Injection with a Cytokine-transduced Stromal Cell Line at JoVE.com

This work was supported by NIH R21CA162259, NIH R01CA209829, NIH P20 MD006988, NIH 2R25 GM060507, a Hyundai Hope on Wheels Scholar Hope Grant, the Department of Pathology and Human Anatomy, the Department of Basic Sciences, and the Center for Health Disparities and Molecular Medicine at Loma Linda University School of Medicine and by a Grant to Promote Collaborative and Translational Research from Loma Linda University (KJP). The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the NIH.

<html> Undersøgelser blev udført i overensstemmelse med Loma Linda University&#39;s Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC) og Institutional Review Board (IRB) godkendte protokoller og i overensstemmelse med alle føderale retningslinjer. FORSIGTIG: PDX og humane væv skal håndteres i overensstemmelse med sikkerhedsforanstaltninger for at forhindre overførsel af blodbårne patogener. 1. Kultur og ekspansion af cytokin-transducerede stromceller <p...

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S., Kafri, T. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Gene+delivery+by+lentivirus+vectors.">Gene delivery by lentivirus vectors.</a> Mol Biotechnol. 36 (3), 184-204 (2007).</li><li>Ricardo, R., Phelan, K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Freezing,+thawing,+and+packaging+cells+for+transport.">Freezing, thawing, and packaging cells for transport.</a> J Vis Exp. (17), (2008).</li><li>Tasian, S. K., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Aberrant+STAT5+and+PI3K/mTOR+pathway+signaling+occurs+in+human+CRLF2-rearranged+B-precursor+acute+lymphoblastic+leukemia.">Aberrant STAT5 and PI3K/mTOR pathway signaling occurs in human CRLF2-rearranged B-precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia.</a> Blood. 120 (4), 833-842 (2012).</li><li>Kalaitzidis, D., Neel, B. G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Flow-cytometric+phosphoprotein+analysis+reveals+agonist+and+temporal+differences+in+responses+of+murine+hematopoietic+stem/progenitor+cells.">Flow-cytometric phosphoprotein analysis reveals agonist and temporal differences in responses of murine hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells.</a> PLoS One. 3 (11), (2008).</li><li>Machholz, E., Mulder, G., Ruiz, C., Corning, B. F., Pritchett-Corning, K. R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Manual+restraint+and+common+compound+administration+routes+in+mice+and+rats.">Manual restraint and common compound administration routes in mice and rats.</a> J Vis Exp. (67), (2012).</li><li>Kovacsics, D., Raper, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Transient+expression+of+proteins+by+hydrodynamic+gene+delivery+in+mice.">Transient expression of proteins by hydrodynamic gene delivery in mice.</a> J Vis Exp. (87), (2014).</li><li>Menon, V., Thomas, R., Ghale, A. R., Reinhard, C., Pruszak, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Flow+cytometry+protocols+for+surface+and+intracellular+antigen+analyses+of+neural+cell+types.">Flow cytometry protocols for surface and intracellular antigen analyses of neural cell types.</a> J Vis Exp. (94), (2014).</li><li>Pearson, T., Greiner, D. L., Shultz, L. D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Chapter+15,+Creation+of+&amp;#34;humanized&amp;#34;+mice+to+study+human+immunity.">Chapter 15, Creation of &amp;#34;humanized&amp;#34; mice to study human immunity.</a> Curr Protoc Immunol. , (2008).</li><li>Matheu, M. P., Sen, D., Cahalan, M. 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Dette manuskript beskriver en enkel, hurtig og relativt omkostningseffektiv metode til konstruktion af PDX til ekspression af eksogent humant cytokin. Den her beskrevne strategi er baseret på ugentlige intraperitoneale injektioner af en stromalcellelinje transduceret for at udtrykke det humane cytokin, TSLP. Før udførelse af de her beskrevne fremgangsmåder blev stroma konstrueret til at udtrykke høje niveauer af cytokinet af interesse (TSLP) og lignende konstrueret kontrolstroma genereret. I de her præsenterede pr...

Patientafledte xenotransplantater (PDX) er en kraftig in vivo model til undersøgelse af produktion af normale og ondartede hæmatopoietiske celler i et &quot;indfødt&quot; pattedyrsmiljø. Oftest produceres PDX ved at injicere eller transplantere humane celler til immundeficente mus. Produktionen af ​​PDX ved anvendelse af normale humane hæmatopoietiske stamceller muliggør in vivo undersøgelser af normalt humant blod og immuncelleudvikling. PDX produceret af leukæmi eller andre kræftceller gør det muligt at studere onkogene mekanismer og identificere effektive terapier i sammenhæng med omfanget af genetiske landskaber og mutationer, der er til stede i den humane befolkning. 1 PDX er derfor den nuværende guldstandard for translationel biomedicinsk forskning for at identificere effektive terapier og et vigtigt redskab til at forstå mekanismerne for kræftprogression. PDX-modeller er et vigtigt redskab til at støtte forskning i sundhedsforskelle sygdomme som følge af specifikke<html> Genetiske læsioner eller enhver sygdom, hvor variationerne af patientens genetiske landskab kan bidrage væsentligt til onkogenese og behandlingsresultat. Mus-humane PDX-modeller er mulige, fordi mange muscytokiner efterligner passende deres humane analoger ved aktivering af cytokinreceptorerne af humane celler, mens de er inde i musen. For eksempel tilvejebringer interleukin-7 (IL-7) et kritisk signal for human B-celleudvikling. 2 I dette tilfælde har mus IL-7 tilstrækkelig homologi med humant IL-7, at musecytokinet stimulerer signalveje i humane B-celleprecursorer. 2 , 3 , 4 Dette er imidlertid ikke tilfældet for thymisk stromal lymfopoietin (TSLP), 5 , 6 som blandt andet cytokiner (IL-3, granulocyt-makrofagkolonistimulerende faktor (GM-CSF), stamcellefaktor (SCF) ,Ref &quot;&gt; 7 er vigtig for produktion af normale og maligne humane hæmatopoietiske celler. Når mus og humane cytokiner viser lav homologi, aktiverer muscytokinerne ikke deres respektive receptorer på humane celler. For at overvinde denne hindring er der blevet anvendt en række strategier Til at konstruere ekspression af humane cytokiner i PDX-mus. Disse indbefatter injektion af rekombinante humane cytokiner, hydrodynamisk injektion af DNA, lentiviral ekspression, transgen ekspression og knockin-genudskiftning. 7 Denne rapport beskriver en metode til konstruktion af PDX til fremstilling af humant cytokin via stromalt medieret Cytokin-afgivelse ( figur 1 ). I den viste fremgangsmåde er PDX-mus konstrueret til at udtrykke det humane cytokin, TSLP eller at tjene som cytokin-negative kontroller. TSLP-udtrykkende PDX opnås ved ugentlige intraperitoneale injektioner af stromaceller, der er blevet transduceret for at udtrykke høje niveauer af human TSLP.Cytokin-negative PDX &quot;kontrol&quot; -mus er ligeledes konstrueret; Selvom kontrolstroma transduceres med en kontrolvektor. Denne metode opnår normale fysiologiske niveauer af human TSLP i PDX-mus injiceret med TSLP + stroma. Ingen detekterbar TSLP observeres i PDX-mus, der modtager den cytokin-negative stroma. Vi valgte den humane stromal cellelinie HS-27A for vores studier, fordi den vokser robust i kultur og viser meget lavt niveau af cytokinproduktion, der ikke understøtter proliferation af isolerede stamceller i kulturer. 8 For human TSLP-ekspression blev stroma transduceret med en avanceret generations selfinaktiverende lentiviral vektor afledt af en tidligere beskrevet rygrad 9 og indbefatter cPPT / cts-elementet og woodchuck hepatitis post-transkriptionel regulatorisk element (WPRE) for at forøge transgenekspression. Det humane TSLP-gen blev konstrueret i denne vektor under kontrol af forlængelsesfaktoren-1(EF-1) alfa-promotor for at opnå robust, konstitutivt og langsigtet udtryk. Konstruktionen af ​​denne human-cytokinforstærkede PDX-model består af 4 hovedtrin. Først ekspanderes transduceret stroma in vitro og vurderes ved enzymbundet immunosorbentassay (ELISA) til stabil cytokinproduktion på højt niveau. For det andet verificeres aktiviteten af ​​humant cytokin produceret af de transducerede stromaceller (og mangel på cytokinaktivitet fra kontrolstroma) ved anvendelse af phospho-flowcytometri. Cellelinjer, der vides at være reaktive over for cytokin af interesse (i dette tilfælde, TSLP) inkuberes med stromalcelle-supernatant og analyseres for cytokininduceret phosphorylering. For det tredje bliver mus injiceret med transduceret humanstroma og derefter bestemmes museplasma ved hjælp af ELISA for niveauer af humant cytokin på ugentlig basis. Fjerde humane hæmatopoietiske celler transplanteres, og de in vivo funktionelle virkninger af det humane cytokin evalueres på et kendt mål ( <em&gt; F.eks. Cellepopulation). <img alt="figur 1" src="/files/ftp_upload/55384/55384fig1.jpg" /> Figur 1: PDX-model konstrueret til fremstilling af eksogent humant cytokin i mus. ( 1A ) Design eksperiment og opnå transducerede humane stromaceller ( 1B ) Hent humane celler (hæmatopoietiske stamceller, leukæmiceller osv .) Til dannelse af PDX (patient-afledte xenograft) mus. ( 2A ) Injicer konstruerede stroma og ( 2B ) transplantationsceller til immundeficente mus ifølge forsøgsplan. ( 3A-B ) Monitor cytokin koncentrationer i stroma supernatanten og mus plasma ved hjælp af ELISA. ( 4 ) Harvest humane celler og vurder de in vivo funktionelle virkninger af det humane cytokin til stede i PDX. <a href="http://ecsource.jove.com/files/ftp_upload/55384/55384fig1large.jpg" target="_blank">Venligst klik her</a>For at se en større version af denne figur. Levering af humant cytokin via stromaceller giver både fordele og ulemper ved sammenligning med andre fremgangsmåder til levering / produktion af humane cytokiner i PDX-mus. 7 Sammenlignet med injektion af rekombinant humant cytokin er stroma-medieret tilførsel generelt billigere (omkostningerne ved stromalcellekultur er mindre end omkostningerne ved rekombinant cytokin) og mindre arbejdskrævende (en injektion pr. Uge versus multiple injektioner pr. Uge). Spørgsmålet om kort cytokinhalveringstid reduceres også, da stroma kontinuerligt producerer det eksogene cytokin. Levering af cytokin via hydrodynamisk injektion af DNA kan være billigere end levering via stroma. Det er imidlertid ligeledes forbigående og kan kræve mere teknisk dygtighed end den enkle ugentlige intraperitoneale injektion, der kræves til stroma-medieret levering. Lentiviral genekspression i musen kan give en mindre traNsient metode til cytokin levering; Men i vores hænder blev fysiologiske TSLP-niveauer ikke nået. Desuden er denne metode arbejdskrævende, hvilket kræver kontinuerlig produktion af lentiviral vektor. Transgene eller knock-in-mus tilbyder et stabilt langsigtet udtryk for cytokin og kan konstrueres til vævsspecifik ekspression, hvilket kan være en fordel. På den anden side nødvendiggør den transgene ekspression af det humane cytokin-gen på den immundefekte musebaggrund, der kræves for PDX-mus, en enorm investering af ressourcer, før modellen er blevet etableret. Endvidere tillader transgene modeller generelt ikke muligheden for at variere timingen af ​​cytokininitiering eller niveauet af in vivo cytokinproduktion. Disse kan opnås med stroma-medieret leverance ved simpelthen at ændre tidspunktet for initiering af stromalcelleinjektion eller dosen af ​​injicerede stromalceller. Den stromal-celle-medierede cytokinafgivelsesmetodeOd detaljeret her blev brugt til at udvikle PDX til evaluering af TSLPs rolle i normal human B-celleudvikling 4 , 6 og høj risiko B-celle akut lymfoblastisk leukæmi. 6 Denne metode tilvejebringer en alternativ cytokin-leveringsmetode til brug ved generering af lignende modeller med andre humane cytokiner end TSLP. Denne model kan også være nyttig til at generere foreløbige data, der kan hjælpe med at bestemme, hvorvidt værdien af ​​en cytokin-transgen eller cytokin-PD-model vil være værdig til den betydelige investering i tid og penge.

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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:665px;">Wet lab reagents&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:212px;"></td>
			<td style="width:136px;"></td>
			<td style="width:88px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">T-25 Nunc Cell Culture Treated EasYFlasks, 7 mL capacity,&#160; 25cm&#178; culture area</td>
			<td style="width:212px;">Thermo Scientific / Fisher</td>
			<td style="width:136px;">156367</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:665px;">T-75 Falcon Tissue Culture Treated Flask, 250 mL capacity, 75 cm&#178; culture area &#38; vented cap</td>
			<td style="width:212px;">Corning Inc. / Fisher</td>
			<td style="width:136px;">353136</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:665px;">T-150 Falcon Tissue Culture Treated Flask, 600 mL capacity, 150 cm&#178; culture area &#38; vented cap</td>
			<td style="width:212px;">Corning Inc. / Fisher</td>
			<td style="width:136px;">355001</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:665px;">10 mL serological pipettes</td>
			<td style="width:212px;">Falcon</td>
			<td style="width:136px;">357551</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:665px;">15 mL&#160; polypropylene conical tubes</td>
			<td style="width:212px;">Fisher</td>
			<td style="width:136px;">05-539-12</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:665px;">5 mL round-bottom polystyrene tubes</td>
			<td style="width:212px;">Falcon</td>
			<td style="width:136px;">352054</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:665px;">50 mL polypropylene conical tubes</td>
			<td style="width:212px;">Falcon</td>
			<td style="width:136px;">352098</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:665px;">2.0 mL cryogenic vials, externally threaded</td>
			<td style="width:212px;">Corning Inc. / Fisher</td>
			<td style="width:136px;">4230659</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:665px;">1 mL pipette tips</td>
			<td style="width:212px;">Fisher</td>
			<td style="width:136px;">2707509</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:665px;">200 &#956;L pipette tips&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:212px;">Denville Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:136px;">P3020-CPS</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:665px;">10 &#956;L pipette tips</td>
			<td style="width:212px;">Denville Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:136px;">P-1096-CP</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:665px;">Sterile Disposable Filter Units with SFCA Membrane, Nalgene Rapid-Flow</td>
			<td style="width:212px;">Fisher</td>
			<td style="width:136px;">09-740-28D</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="25">
			<td height="25" style="height:25px;width:665px;">2N H2SO4&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:212px;">BioLegend</td>
			<td style="width:136px;">423001</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:665px;">Dulbecco&#8217;s phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) without calicium and magnesium, 1&#215;</td>
			<td style="width:212px;">Corning cellgro/ Mediatech</td>
			<td style="width:136px;">21-031-CV</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:665px;">Human TSLP ELISA Max Deluxe Set</td>
			<td style="width:212px;">BioLegend</td>
			<td style="width:136px;">434204</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:665px;">3% Acetic Acid with Methylene Blue</td>
			<td style="width:212px;">Stemcell Technologies</td>
			<td style="width:136px;">7060</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:665px;">Trypan Blue&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:212px;">Corning</td>
			<td style="width:136px;">25-900-Cl</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:665px;">&#34;Trypsin&#34; 1x 0.25% Trypsin 2.21 mM EDTA in HBSS</td>
			<td style="width:212px;">ThermoFisher</td>
			<td style="width:136px;">25-053</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:665px;">TWEEN 20 BioXtra</td>
			<td style="width:212px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:136px;">P-7949</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:665px;">&#8220;R10&#8221; cell culture medium, % of total volume (makes 565 mL)</td>
			<td style="width:212px;">-</td>
			<td style="width:136px;">-</td>
			<td style="width:88px;">Lab Recipe</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:665px;">RPMI, 88.5% (500 mL)&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:212px;">Mediatech</td>
			<td style="width:136px;">10-040-CV&#160;&#160;</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:665px;">FBS, 9.9% (56 mL)&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:212px;">Mediatech</td>
			<td style="width:136px;">35-011-CV</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:665px;">L-Glutamine, 0.99% (5.6 mL)&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:212px;">Mediatech</td>
			<td style="width:136px;">25-005-Cl</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:665px;">Penicillin-Streptomycin, 0.50% (2.8 mL)&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:212px;">Mediatech</td>
			<td style="width:136px;">30-002-Cl</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:665px;">2-Mercaptoethanol, 0.10% (560 &#181;L)&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:212px;">MP</td>
			<td style="width:136px;">190242</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:665px;">&#8220;R20&#8221; cell culture medium, % of total volume (makes 195 mL)</td>
			<td style="width:212px;">-</td>
			<td style="width:136px;">-</td>
			<td style="width:88px;">Lab Recipe</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:665px;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; RPMI, 76.84% (150&#160; mL)</td>
			<td style="width:212px;">see above</td>
			<td style="width:136px;">see above</td>
			<td style="width:88px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:665px;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; FBS, 20.49% (40 mL)</td>
			<td style="width:212px;">see above</td>
			<td style="width:136px;">see above</td>
			<td style="width:88px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:665px;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; 2mM L-glutamine, 1.02% (2 mL)</td>
			<td style="width:212px;">see above</td>
			<td style="width:136px;">see above</td>
			<td style="width:88px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:665px;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; 1mM Na pyruvate, 1.02% (2 mL )</td>
			<td style="width:212px;">see above</td>
			<td style="width:136px;">see above</td>
			<td style="width:88px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:665px;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; Penicillin-Streptomycin,&#160; 0.51% (1 mL)</td>
			<td style="width:212px;">see above</td>
			<td style="width:136px;">see above</td>
			<td style="width:88px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:665px;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; 2-Mercaptoethanol, 0.10% (0.1 M),&#160; 0.10% (200 &#181;L)</td>
			<td style="width:212px;">see above</td>
			<td style="width:136px;">see above</td>
			<td style="width:88px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:665px;">&#8220;Freezing medium&#8221;, % of total volume</td>
			<td style="width:212px;">-</td>
			<td style="width:136px;">-</td>
			<td style="width:88px;">Lab Recipe</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:665px;">&#8220;R10&#8221; medium, 45%</td>
			<td style="width:212px;">see &#34;R10&#34; recipe</td>
			<td style="width:136px;">-</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:665px;">FBS, 20%</td>
			<td style="width:212px;">see above</td>
			<td style="width:136px;">35-011-CV</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:665px;">DMSO, 10%</td>
			<td style="width:212px;">Corning</td>
			<td style="width:136px;">25-950-CQC</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="22">
			<td height="22" style="height:22px;width:665px;">D(-)(+)-Trehalose dihydrate, 5%</td>
			<td style="width:212px;">Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:136px;">BP2687-100</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:665px;">Name</td>
			<td style="width:212px;">Company</td>
			<td style="width:136px;">Catolog Number</td>
			<td style="width:88px;">Comments</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:665px;">Biologics&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:212px;"></td>
			<td style="width:136px;"></td>
			<td style="width:88px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:665px;">&#34;HS-27&#34; HS-27A human stroma line</td>
			<td style="width:212px;">ATCC</td>
			<td>CRL-2496</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:665px;">&#34;CALL-4&#34; MHH-CALL-4 cell line, human B cell precursor leukemia</td>
			<td style="width:212px;">DSMZ</td>
			<td style="width:136px;">ACC 337</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="24">
			<td height="24" style="height:24px;width:665px;">&#8220;NSG mice&#8221; NOD.Cg-Prkdcscid Il2rgtm1Wjl/SzJ, male or female, age 6 &#8211; 8 weeks</td>
			<td style="width:212px;">JAX Mice&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:136px;"># 005557</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:665px;">MUTZ-5 cell line, human B cell precursor leukemia</td>
			<td style="width:212px;">DSMZ</td>
			<td style="width:136px;">ACC 490</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="22">
			<td height="22" style="height:22px;width:665px;">Recombinant Human TSLP protein</td>
			<td style="width:212px;">R&#38;D Systems</td>
			<td style="width:136px;">1398-TS-010</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:665px;">Name</td>
			<td style="width:212px;">Company</td>
			<td style="width:136px;">Catolog Number</td>
			<td style="width:88px;">Comments</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:665px;">Flow cytomery antibodies (clone)*</td>
			<td style="width:212px;"></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:665px;">Anti-mouse CD45 FITC (30F11)</td>
			<td>Miltenyi Biotec</td>
			<td>130-102-778</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:665px;">CD127 PE (MB15-18C9) (alternate name is IL-7R&#945;)</td>
			<td>Miltenyi Biotec</td>
			<td>130-098-094</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:665px;">CD34 APC (8G12)</td>
			<td>BD Biosciences</td>
			<td>340667</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:665px;">CD45 PE-Cy7&#160; (HI30)</td>
			<td>eBioscience</td>
			<td>25-0459</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">&#34;FVD&#34; Fixable viability dye&#160; eFluor 780&#160;</td>
			<td>eBioscience</td>
			<td>65-0865</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:665px;">Ig &#954; light chain FITC&#160; (G20-193)</td>
			<td style="width:212px;">BD Pharmingen</td>
			<td>555791</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:665px;">Ig &#955; light chain FITC (JDC-12)</td>
			<td style="width:212px;">BD Pharmingen</td>
			<td>561379</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:665px;">IgD PE (IA6-2)</td>
			<td style="width:212px;">BioLegend</td>
			<td>348203</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:665px;">IgM PE-Cy5 (G20-127)</td>
			<td>BD Biosciences</td>
			<td>551079</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="22">
			<td height="22" style="height:22px;width:665px;">pSTAT5 PE,&#160; mouse anti-STAT5 (pY694)</td>
			<td style="width:212px;">BD PhosphoFlow</td>
			<td>612567</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:665px;">Name</td>
			<td style="width:212px;">Company</td>
			<td style="width:136px;">Catolog Number</td>
			<td style="width:88px;">Comments</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:665px;">Other materials &#38; equipment&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:212px;"></td>
			<td style="width:136px;"></td>
			<td style="width:88px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Animal Implantable Nano Transponder with Canula</td>
			<td style="width:212px;">Trovan&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:136px;">ID-100B(1.25)</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">EMLA lidocaine anesthetic cream (obtain by presciption through animal care facility)</td>
			<td style="width:212px;">perscription</td>
			<td style="width:136px;">perscription</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">BD &#189; cc LO-DOSE U-100 Insulin Syringe 28G&#189;&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:212px;">BD</td>
			<td style="width:136px;">#329461</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="25">
			<td height="25" style="height:25px;width:665px;">BD Microtainer Tubes with K2EDTA</td>
			<td style="width:212px;">BD&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:136px;">#365974</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:665px;">Centrifuge</td>
			<td>Beckman Coulter</td>
			<td style="width:136px;">Alegra X-15R&#160;</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">FisherBrand Capillary Tubes (Heparinized)</td>
			<td style="width:212px;">Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:136px;">22-260-950</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:665px;">Hemocytometer</td>
			<td style="width:212px;">Fisher</td>
			<td style="width:136px;">02-671-6</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:665px;">MACSQuant Analyzer 10</td>
			<td style="width:212px;">Miltenyi Biotec</td>
			<td style="width:136px;">130-096-343</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:665px;">Mouse Pie Cage</td>
			<td style="width:212px;">Braintree Scientific, Inc.</td>
			<td style="width:136px;">MPC-1</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:665px;">Mouse Tail Illuminator Restrainer</td>
			<td style="width:212px;">Braintree Scientific, Inc.</td>
			<td style="width:136px;">MTI STD</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:665px;">Pistol Grip Implanter</td>
			<td style="width:212px;">Trovan&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:136px;">IM-300(1.25)</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:665px;">&#181;Quant&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:212px;">Bio-Tek Instruments Inc.</td>
			<td style="width:136px;">MQX200</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:665px;">FlowJo flow cytometry analysis software</td>
			<td>FlowJo, LLC</td>
			<td style="width:136px;">Version 10</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">*All antibodies are anti-human unless otherwise stated.</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

expression of exogenous cytokine in patient-derived xenografts via injection with a cytokine-transduced stromal cell line

Patientafledte xenograftmus (PDX) produceres ved transplantation af humane celler til immundeficente mus. Disse modeller er et vigtigt redskab til at studere mekanismerne for normal og malign hæmatopoiesis og er guldstandarden til at identificere effektive kemoterapier for mange maligniteter. PDX-modeller er mulige, fordi mange af muscytokinerne også virker på humane celler. Dette er imidlertid ikke tilfældet for alle cytokiner, herunder mange, der er kritiske for at studere normal og ondartet hæmatopoiesis i humane celler. Teknikker, der konstruerer mus for at fremstille humane cytokiner (transgene og indstiksmodeller) kræver betydelig udgift, før brugbarheden af ​​modellen er blevet påvist. Andre teknikker er arbejdskrævende (indsprøjtning af rekombinant cytokin eller lentivirus) og i nogle tilfælde kræver højt niveau af teknisk ekspertise (hydrodynamisk injektion af DNA). Denne rapport beskriver en simpel metode til generering af PDX-mus med eksogen human cyTokin (TSLP, thymisk stromal lymfopoietin) via ugentlig intraperitoneal injektion af stroma, der er blevet transduceret for at overudtrykke dette cytokin. Anvendelse af denne metode tilvejebringer en in vivo kilde til kontinuerlig cytokinproduktion, der opnår fysiologiske niveauer af cirkulerende humant cytokin i musen. Plasmaniveauer af humant cytokin kan varieres baseret på antallet af injicerede stromalceller, og cytokinproduktion kan påbegyndes på et hvilket som helst tidspunkt i eksperimentet. Denne metode indbefatter også cytokin-negative kontrolmus, der fremstilles tilsvarende, men gennem intraperitoneal injektion af stroma transduceret med en kontrolvektor. Vi har tidligere vist, at leukæmiceller høstet fra TSLP-udtrykkende PDX, sammenlignet med kontrol PDX, udviser et genekspressionsmønster mere som den oprindelige patientprøve. Sammen fremstiller de cytokinproducerende og cytokin-negative PDX-mus produceret ved denne metode et model system, som vi har anvendt med succes til at studereTSLP&#39;s rolle i normal og ondartet hæmatopoiesis.

En oversigt over modellen er vist i figur 1 . Når først cytokinproducerende (TSLP + stroma) og kontrolstroma er blevet opnået, udvides de i kultur. Før stroma injektion i mus evalueres stromalcelle supernatant ved ELISA for at verificere cytokinproduktion ( Figur 2 ) og phospho-flowcytometri (protokol nr. 3) anvendes til at verificere aktiviteten af ​​cytokinet produceret af stroma. Supernatant opsamles fra sammenflydende stromalcellekulturer (ko...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Expression of Exogenous Cytokine in Patient-derived Xenografts via Injection with a Cytokine-transduced Stromal Cell Line at JoVE.com

Expression of Exogenous Cytokine in Patient-derived Xenografts via Injection with a Cytokine-transduced Stromal Cell Line

Beskrevet her er en fremgangsmåde til fremstilling af eksogent cytokin i patient-afledte xenograftmus (PDX) via ugentlig intraperitoneal injektion af en cytokin-transduceret stromalcellelinie. Denne metode udvider anvendeligheden af ​​PDX og giver mulighed for transient eller vedvarende eksogen cytokinlevering i en lang række PDX-modeller.

Ekspression af exogen cytokin i patient-afledte xenotransplantater via injektion med en cytokin-transduceret stromalcellelinie

Patient-derived xenograft (PDX) mice are produced by transplanting human cells into immune deficient mice. These models are an important tool for studying ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Medicine

Experimental Generation of Carcinoma-Associated Fibroblasts (CAFs) from Human Mammary Fibroblasts

Experimental Generation of Carcinoma-Associated Fibroblasts CAFs from Human Mammary Fibroblasts

Eksperimentel Generering af Carcinoma-associerede fibroblaster (cafeer) fra Human brystkirtler fibroblaster

Carcinomas are complex tissues comprised of neoplastic cells and a non-cancerous compartment referred to as the 'stroma'. The stroma consists of ...

Patient Derived Cell Culture and Isolation of CD133+ Putative Cancer Stem Cells from Melanoma

Patient Derived Cell Culture and Isolation of CD133+ Putative Cancer Stem Cells from Melanoma

Patient Afledt Cellekultur og isolering af CD133<sup&gt; +</sup&gt; Formodede kræftstamceller fra melanom

Despite improved treatments options for melanoma available today, patients with advanced malignant melanoma still have a poor prognosis for ...

Collecting Saliva and Measuring Salivary Cortisol and Alpha-amylase in Frail Community Residing Older Adults via Family Caregivers

Salivary measures have emerged in bio-behavioral research  that are easy-to-collect, minimally invasive, and relatively inexpensive  biologic markers of ...

Minimally Invasive Establishment of Murine Orthotopic Bladder Xenografts

Minimalt invasiv Etablering af murine ortotopisk Blære xenotransplantater

Orthotopic bladder cancer xenografts are the gold standard to study molecular cellular manipulations and new therapeutic agents&#160;in vivo. Suitable ...

Ultrasound-guided Transthoracic Intramyocardial Injection in Mice

Ultralydsvejledt Transtorakal intramyocardial Injektion i mus

Murine models of cardiovascular disease are important for investigating pathophysiological mechanisms and exploring potential regenerative therapies. ...

Assessment of Viability of Human Fat Injection into Nude Mice with Micro-Computed Tomography

Vurdering af virksomhedens rentabilitet for Human Fat Injektion i nøgne mus med Micro-Computed Tomography

Lipotransfer is a vital tool in the surgeon&#8217;s armamentarium for the treatment of soft tissue deficits of throughout the body. Fat is the ideal soft ...

Isolation and Immortalization of Patient-derived Cell Lines from Muscle Biopsy for Disease Modeling

Isolering og Immortalisering af Patient-afledte cellelinjer fra muskelbiopsi for Disease Modeling

The generation of patient-specific cell lines represents an invaluable tool for diagnostic or translational research, and these cells can be collected ...

Generation of Prostate Cancer Patient Derived Xenograft Models from Circulating Tumor Cells

Generering af prostatakræft Patient Afledt xenograftmodeller fra Cirkulerende tumorceller

Patient derived xenograft (PDX) models are gaining popularity in cancer research and are used for preclinical drug evaluation, biomarker identification, ...

Depletion of Mouse Cells from Human Tumor Xenografts Significantly Improves Downstream Analysis of Target Cells

Udtømning af Mouse Celler fra Humane tumorxenoplantater Markant Forbedrer Downstream Analyse af Target Cells

The use of in vitro cell line models for cancer research has been a useful tool. However, it has been shown that these models fail to reliably mimic ...

Full-root Aortic Valve Replacement by Stentless Aortic Xenografts in Patients with Small Aortic Roots

Full-rot Aortic Valve Replacement af Stentless Aortic Xenografts hos patienter med små Aortic Roots

In patients with small aortic roots who need an aortic valve replacement with biological valve substitutes, the implantation of the stented pericardial ...