Name: peptide scanning-assisted identification of a monoclonal antibody-recognized linear b-cell epitope
Uploaded: 2017-03-24T14:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Peptide Scanning-assisted Identification of a Monoclonal Antibody-recognized Linear B-cell Epitope at JoVE.com

The authors thank Miss Ching-Chun Lin and Miss Diana Lin of the Core Facility of the Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology (ICOB) of Academia Sinica for offering their expertise on peptide synthesis and DNA sequencing, respectively. This study was supported by Academia Sinica.

1.单克隆抗体的制备<ol><li>培养的RG-M56小鼠单克隆杂交瘤细胞2在175T瓶中的无血清培养基在37ºC用5％的CO 2补充。收集上清液当介质的颜色变成后孵育五天黄色。 注：杂交瘤细胞细胞在无血清培养基中培养，以避免从胎牛血清抗体污染。 </li><li>离心上清在4ºC4500 xg离心30分钟，弃去细胞碎片沉淀。 </li><li>加入2毫升的G蛋白琼脂糖（作为50％的浆液提供）到5毫升柱，并?...

<ol>
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该协议提供了一个快速，简单的技术来识别单抗公认的线性表位。考虑到肽合成和合成肽的生产效率的成本，病毒外壳蛋白的抗原区由前肽扫描分析表达串联截短重组蛋白减少。因此，使用可靠的和有效的大肠杆菌 pET表达系统产生这些串联截短的重组蛋白，与50 10之间的分子量的重组蛋白质kDa的可以容易地通过该系统中表达。在这种方式中，表位可以容易地缩小到一个更容易管理的100到200?...

在免疫系统中，V，D和J片段的重组允许抗体结合至各种抗原，以保护从病原体感染的主机创建互补决定区（CDR）的巨大变化。针对抗原的抗体的中和防御依赖于抗体的CDR和抗原的抗原决定簇之间的空间互补性。因此，这种分子相互作用的理解将有助于预防性疫苗的设计和治疗肽的药物开发。然而，这种中和的相互作用可以都通过从一个单一的抗原多抗原结构域和由抗体的多个的CDR，其结果使表位判定处理更复杂的影响。幸运的是，杂交瘤技术的发展，该熔断器个体抗体产生细胞与骨髓瘤细胞，允许细胞不断地分裂批次秒RETE一个特定抗体称为单克隆抗体（mAb）1。杂交瘤细胞生产这些纯，高亲和力的单克隆抗体绑定到特定抗原的单一抗原域。既定的抗原 - 抗体，几种方法，包括肽扫描的关系，可用于确定使用其相应的单克隆抗体的抗原的表位。在合成肽技术的最新发展使得肽扫描技术更容易，更方便进行。简单地说，一组重叠的合成肽的根据靶抗原序列产生和关联到用于单抗杂交的固体支持膜。肽扫描不仅提供了一种简单的方式来映射抗体结合区，但也有利于氨基酸（AA）的诱变通过残扫描或取代来评估表位肽的每个氨基酸残基和抗体的CDR之间的结合相互作用。 2，3，4中的黄色石斑鱼神经坏死病毒（YGNNV）外壳蛋白的线性表位的有效识别的协议。该协议包括单克隆抗体制备，结构和串联截短重组蛋白的表达，合成的重叠肽的设计，斑点杂交，丙氨酸扫描，和​​替代诱变。考虑肽合成的高成本，的串行截断所需靶蛋白的重组蛋白的步骤被修改，进行合成肽阵列斑点印迹分析前的抗原区被缩小到约100至200个氨基酸残基。

<table border="1" fo:keep-together.within-page="1" fo:keep-with-next.within-page="always">
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>Hybrid-SFM medium</td>
			<td>Gibco</td>
			<td>12045-076</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Dulbeccos&#39;s Phophate-Buffered Saline (PBS)</td>
			<td>Gibco</td>
			<td>21600-069</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Pfu DNA Polymerase&#160;</td>
			<td>Thermo Scientific&#160;</td>
			<td>EP0502&#160;</td>
			<td>Including buffers</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>T4 DNA Ligase</td>
			<td>Roche</td>
			<td>10799009001</td>
			<td>Including buffers</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>NdeI&#160;</td>
			<td>New England Biolabs</td>
			<td>R0111S</td>
			<td>Including buffers</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>XhoI&#160;</td>
			<td>New England Biolabs</td>
			<td>R0146S</td>
			<td>Including buffers</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>pET-20b(+) vector</td>
			<td>Novagen, Merck Millipore</td>
			<td>69739</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>E.coli DH-5&#945; competent cell</td>
			<td>RBC Bioscience</td>
			<td>RH617</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>E.coli BL-21(DE3) competent cell</td>
			<td>RBC Bioscience</td>
			<td>RH217</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Ampicillin</td>
			<td>Amresco</td>
			<td>0339-25G</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>LB broth&#160;</td>
			<td>Invitrongen</td>
			<td>12780-052</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Isopropylthio-&#946;-D-thiogalactoside (IPTG)</td>
			<td>MDBio, Inc.</td>
			<td>101-367-93-1</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Methanol</td>
			<td>Merck Millipore</td>
			<td>106009</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Polyoxyethylene 20 Sorbitan Monolaurate (Tween-20)</td>
			<td>J.T.Baker</td>
			<td>X251-07</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>D2650</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Glycine</td>
			<td>Amresco</td>
			<td>0167-5KG</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Tris</td>
			<td>Affymetrix, USB</td>
			<td>75825</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>NaCl</td>
			<td>Amresco</td>
			<td>0241-1KG</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>EDTA</td>
			<td>Amresco</td>
			<td>0105-1KG</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Glycerol</td>
			<td>Amresco</td>
			<td>0854-1L</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>NaN3</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>S2002-500G</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>BCIP/NBT</td>
			<td>PerkinElmer</td>
			<td>NEL937001PK</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Goat Anti-Mouse IgG, Fc fragment antibody</td>
			<td>Jackson ImmunoResearch</td>
			<td>115-055-008</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Immobilon-P (Polyvinylidene fluoride, PVDF)</td>
			<td>Merck Millipore</td>
			<td>IPVH00010</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Protein G Agarose Fast Flow</td>
			<td>Merck Millipore</td>
			<td>16-266</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>QIAquick PCR Purification kit</td>
			<td>Qiagen</td>
			<td>28106</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>UVP BioSpectrum 600 Image System</td>
			<td>UVP</td>
			<td>n/a</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>VisionWorks LS Analysis Software Ver 6.8</td>
			<td>UVP</td>
			<td>n/a</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>MyCycler thermal cycler</td>
			<td>BioRad</td>
			<td>1709713</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

peptide scanning-assisted identification of a monoclonal antibody-recognized linear b-cell epitope

抗原表位的免疫系统的识别允许用于中和可便于疫苗和肽类药物的发展抗体的保护机制的理解。肽扫描是直截了当映射由单克隆抗体（mAb）识别的线性表位的简单而有效的方法。在这里，作者提出了涉及连续截断重组蛋白，合成肽设计和斑点杂交使用中和单克隆抗体神经坏死病毒外壳蛋白的抗原识别表位确定方法。此技术依赖于合成肽和单克隆抗体上的聚偏二氟乙烯（PVDF）膜的斑点杂交。由RG-M56单克隆抗体识别的病毒外壳蛋白的最小抗原区可以通过一步一步的收窄修整肽作图到6聚体的肽表位。此外，丙氨酸扫描诱变和残余物分可以进行stitution来表征每个氨基酸残基组成的表位的结合的意义。发现侧翼表位的现场残留发挥肽结构调控关键作用。所识别的表位肽可被用来形成用于X射线衍射研究和功能的竞争，或用于治疗的表位肽 - 抗体复合物的晶体。

该实验的目的是通过点来识别的表位使用单克隆抗体印迹。以快速和有效地缩小由单克隆抗体识别的抗原区，全长和串联截断YGNNV重组外壳蛋白与在C末端带有6xHis融合标记是从大肠杆菌 pET表达系统10（ 图1A）来表示。所得重组蛋白点样到用的RG-M56单克隆抗体和抗的6xHis抗体进行斑点杂交的PVDF膜。在斑点印迹显示抗1-338氨基酸（全长），5...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Peptide Scanning-assisted Identification of a Monoclonal Antibody-recognized Linear B-cell Epitope at JoVE.com

Peptide Scanning-assisted Identification of a Monoclonal Antibody-recognized Linear B-cell Epitope

Here, the authors present a simple and efficient protocol to define a linear antigenic epitope using a purified monoclonal antibody and peptide scanning through dot-blot hybridization. The identified epitope can then be used in therapeutic and diagnostic applications.

肽扫描辅助一个单克隆抗体识别的线性B细胞表位的鉴定

The identification of an antigenic epitope by the immune system allows for the understanding of the protective mechanism of neutralizing antibodies that ...

The overall goal of this protocol is to identify a monoclonal antibody-recognized linear B-cell epitope using serially truncated recombinant proteins and peptide scanning by dot-blot hybridization. This method can help answer key questions concerning the molecule interaction between antigen and the antibody. The main advantages of this technique are its simplicity and efficiency.The identifying epitope can then be used in fuller investigations such as in therapeutical and diagnostic applications. Demonstrating the procedure will be Chien-Wen Chen, a post doctorate from my laboratory. To begin, grow RGM56 mouse monoclonal hybridoma cells in a hybrid serum free medium.Maintain cell cultures in 175 T flasks at 37 degrees Celsius 5%carbon dioxide. After five days of incubation, collect the culture medium after it has turned yellow and centrifuge the supernatant at 4, 500 times G for 30 minutes at four degrees Celsius. Then, discard the pelleted cell debris to obtain the antibody in solution.Next, add two milliliters of 50%protein G agro slurry to a five milliliter column and equilibrate the resin with 10 milliliters of ice cold PBS, equaling 10 volumes of preloaded resin. Load 200 milliliters of the previously prepared antibody solution onto the equilibrated column and discard the fraction that passes through the column. Using 10 milliliters of ice cold PBS, wash the column twice.Finally, to loot the antibody from the resin, add 10 milliliters of millimolar glycerin solution at pH 2.7 to the column. Collect 900 microliter fractions in microcentrifuge tubes previously filled with 100 microliters of 10X neutralization buffer. Store the purified antibody in 50%glycerol solution supplemented with sodium azide at minus 20 degrees Celsius.Prepare the constructs and transform E.coli BL21 cells as described in the text protocol. Then, transfer a single colony into a 15 milliliter tube containing three milliliters of LB broth supplemented with 100 micrograms per milliliter ampicillin and loosely cap the tube. Incubate the culture at 37 degrees Celsius with 150 RPM shaking.Monitor the optical density of the culture at 600 nanometers. When it reaches about 0.6, cool the culture to 25 degrees Celsius. Then, add IPTG at a final concentration of 0.4 millimolar to induce the expression of the recombinant protein.Incubate the culture for another four hours at 25 degrees Celsius with 200 RPM shaking. After incubation, transfer one milliliter of the bacterial culture into a microcentrifuge tube. Centrifuge the cells at 12, 000 times G for one minute and discard the supernatant.Pipetting up and down with a micropipette, resuspend the cell pellet in 100 microliters of denaturation buffer. And mix the resulting suspension by vigorous vortexing to obtain a ready to use recombinant protein sample. To proceed with dot-blot hybridization, dissolve each synthetic peptide in DMSO to obtain 10 milligram per milliliter solutions.Then, activate the PVDF membrane in methanol for two minutes and equilibrate it with modified Towbin buffer for another two minutes. Rinse a piece of chromatography paper with modified Towbin buffer and lay the equilibrated PVDF membrane on it. Let the membrane sit until the buffer disappears from its surface.Using a 10 microliter tip, add two microliters of each peptide or recombinant protein sample onto the membrane and let it air dry for 10 minutes. Spotting a symbol onto the membrane is the most critical step in this protocol. Loading a precise amount of a sample onto a small area of the PVDF membrane needs careful attention.Next, block the membrane in TBST buffer supplemented with 5%nonfat milk for 30 minutes at room temperature with gentle shaking. Dilute the RGM56 monoclonal antibody in TBST buffer supplemented with 5%nonfat milk. And add the antibody solution to the membrane.Incubate the membrane at 37 degrees Celsius for one hour with gentle shaking. After incubation, remove the antibody solution. And wash the membrane twice in TBST buffer for five minutes with gentle shaking.Then, add to the membrane the solution of the secondary antibody diluted in TBST buffer with 5%nonfat milk. Incubate the membrane for one hour at 37 degrees Celsius with gentle shaking. Upon incubation, discard the antibody solution and wash the membrane in TBST buffer twice for five minutes with gentle shaking.Then, develop the membrane with the substrate solution at room temperature for 15 minutes in the dark. When the signal appears, stop the reaction by washing the membrane with doubly distilled water. After air drying the membrane, capture the dot-blot image using an imaging system.Finally, using image analysis software measure the intensity of each dot-blot. Presented here is the full length nervous necrosis virus code protein comprising amino acids one through 338 along with its serially truncated variants. To confirm the expression of the proteins in the transformed bacterial cells, dot-blot analysis using anti-6XHis antibody was performed showing the presence of all the proteins under investigation.Then, the recombinant proteins were analyzed by dot-blot hybridization in which the RG-M56 monoclonal antibody was used. The analysis revealed that the protein epitope recognized by the antibody is found in peptide 195 to 338. Finally, an epitope consisting of 20 or eight amino acid residues was identified by peptide scanning.Alanine scanning showed that substitutions of valine residues at positions 197 and 199 as well as a cystine at 201 abolished the epitope's binding capability and dot-blot hybridization. Similarly, the decreased binding affinity was observed in binding intensity analysis confirming that the identified residues are essential for the epitope's binding to the RGM56 monoclonal antibody. This peptide identification technique can be used to develop therapeutical peptide drugs or peptide medicines.

Research

JoVE Journal

Immunology and Infection

Peptide:MHC Tetramer-based Enrichment of Epitope-specific T cells

肽：MHC四聚体为基础的抗原表位特异性的T细胞的富集

A  basic necessity for researchers studying adaptive immunity with in vivo experimental models is an  ability to identify T cells based on their T cell ...

科研

免疫与感染

Peptide-based Identification of Functional Motifs and their Binding Partners

肽为基础的识别功能图案和具有约束力的合作伙伴

Specific short  peptides derived from motifs found in full-length proteins, in our case HIV-1  Nef, not only retain their biological function, but can ...

Isolation of Precursor B-cell Subsets from Umbilical Cord Blood

从脐带血分离的前体B细胞亚群

Umbilical cord blood is highly enriched for hematopoietic progenitor cells at different lineage commitment stages. We have developed a protocol for ...

Isolation, Identification, and Purification of Murine Thymic Epithelial Cells

分离，鉴定和小鼠胸腺上皮细胞的分离纯化

The thymus is a vital organ for T lymphocyte development. Of thymic stromal cells, thymic epithelial cells (TECs) are particularly crucial at multiple ...

Generation of Murine Monoclonal Antibodies by Hybridoma Technology

鼠单克隆抗体的产生杂交瘤技术

Monoclonal antibodies are universal binding molecules and are widely used in biomedicine and research. Nevertheless, the generation of these binding ...

Analysis of Simian Immunodeficiency Virus-specific CD8+ T-cells in Rhesus Macaques by Peptide-MHC-I Tetramer Staining

Analysis of Simian Immunodeficiency Virus-specific CD8+ T-cells in Rhesus Macaques by Peptide-MHC-I Tetramer Staining

猴免疫缺陷病毒特异性CD8分析<sup&gt; +</sup&gt; T细胞猕猴由肽MHC-I四聚体染色

Peptide-major histocompatibility complex class I (pMHC-I) tetramers have been an invaluable tool to study CD8+ T-cell responses. Because these reagents ...

Generation of Escape Variants of Neutralizing Influenza Virus Monoclonal Antibodies

中和流感病毒单克隆抗体逃逸变种的产生

Influenza viruses exhibit a remarkable ability to adapt and evade the host immune response. One way is through antigenic changes that occur on the surface ...

Purification of Viral DNA for the Identification of Associated Viral and Cellular Proteins

病毒 DNA 的纯化及相关病毒和细胞蛋白的鉴定

The goal of this protocol is to isolate herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) DNA from infected cells for the identification of associated viral and ...

Overlapping Peptide Library to Map Qa-1 Epitopes in a Protein

重叠肽库在蛋白质 Qa-1 表位中的映射

Qa-1 (HLA-E in human) belongs to a group of non-classical major histocompatibility complex 1b (MHC-Ib) molecules. Recent data suggest that Qa-1 molecules ...

Zika Virus Specific Diagnostic Epitope Discovery

Zika 病毒特定诊断表位发现

High-density peptide microarrays allow screening of more than six thousand peptides on a single standard microscopy slide. This method can be applied for ...