Name: exposure of the pig cns for histological analysis: a manual for decapitation, skull opening, and brain removal
Uploaded: 2017-04-13T14:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Exposure of the Pig CNS for Histological Analysis: A Manual for Decapitation, Skull Opening, and Brain Removal at JoVE.com

Gli autori riconoscono con gratitudine l&#39;aiuto sapiente della signora Trine W. Mikkelsen, la signora M. Lise montaggio, e il personale a Påskehøjgaard. The Danish Medical Research Council, la Fondazione Lundbeck, e la Novo Nordisk Foundation sostenuti finanziariamente lo studio.

anestesia degli animali e euthanesia è stata eseguita in conformità con i &quot;Principi di laboratorio cura degli animali&quot; (NIH pubblicazione n ° 86-23, rivisto 1985) e approvato dal Consiglio danese per la ricerca etica animale. 1. Strumenti <ol><li> Raccogliere gli strumenti presentati nel video ed elencati nella tabella dei materiali. </li></ol> 2. Decapitazione NOTA: L&#39;anestesia è stata indotta mediante i...

<ol>
	<li>Lind, M. N., Moustgaard, A., Jelsing, J., Vajta, G., Cumming, P., Hansen, A. K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+use+of+pigs+in+neuroscience:+Modeling+brain+disorders.">The use of pigs in neuroscience: Modeling brain disorders.</a> Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 31, 728-751 (2007).</li><li>Bjarkam, C. R., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Neuromodulation+in+a+minipig+model+of+Parkinson+disease.">Neuromodulation in a minipig model of Parkinson disease.</a> British J Neurosurg. 22 (Suppl. 1), S9-S12 (2008).</li><li>Bjarkam, C. R., Cancian, G., Glud, A. N., Ettrup, K. S., &#216;stergaard, L., S&#248;rensen, J. 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H., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+DaNEX+study+of+embryonic+mesencephalic,+dopaminergic+tissue+grafted+to+a+minipig+model+of+Parkinson's+disease:+Preliminary+findings+of+effect+of+MPTP+poisoning+on+striatal+dopaminergic+markers.">The DaNEX study of embryonic mesencephalic, dopaminergic tissue grafted to a minipig model of Parkinson's disease: Preliminary findings of effect of MPTP poisoning on striatal dopaminergic markers.</a> Cell Transplant. 9 (2), 247-259 (2000).</li><li>Dalmose, A., Bjarkam, C. R., S&#248;rensen, J. C., J&#248;rgensen, T. M., Djurhuus, J. 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H., Cumming, P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Pig+brain+stereotaxic+standard+space:+Mapping+of+cerebral+blood+flow+normative+values+and+effect+of+MPTP-lesioning.">Pig brain stereotaxic standard space: Mapping of cerebral blood flow normative values and effect of MPTP-lesioning.</a> Brain Res Bull. 66 (1), 17-29 (2005).</li><li>Glud, A. N., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Direct+gene+transfer+in+the+minipig+CNS+using+stereotaxic+lentiviral+microinjections.">Direct gene transfer in the minipig CNS using stereotaxic lentiviral microinjections.</a> Acta Neurobiol Exp. 70 (3), 1-8 (2010).</li><li>Glud, A. N., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Direct+MRI-guided+stereotaxic+viral+mediated+gene+transfer+of+alpha-synuclein+in+the+minipig+CNS.">Direct MRI-guided stereotaxic viral mediated gene transfer of alpha-synuclein in the minipig CNS.</a> Acta Neurobiol Exp. 71 (4), 508-518 (2011).</li><li>Ettrup, K. S., S&#248;rensen, J. C., Rodell, A., Alstrup, A. K. O., Bjarkam, C. R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Hypothalamic+deep+brain+stimulation+influences+autonomic+and+limbic+circuitry+involved+in+the+regulation+of+aggression+and+cardiocerebrovascular+control+in+the+minipig.">Hypothalamic deep brain stimulation influences autonomic and limbic circuitry involved in the regulation of aggression and cardiocerebrovascular control in the minipig.</a> Stereotact Funct Neurosurg. 90 (5), 281-291 (2012).</li><li>Nielsen, M. S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Continuous+MPTP+intoxication+in+the+minipig+results+in+chronic+parkinsonian+deficits.">Continuous MPTP intoxication in the minipig results in chronic parkinsonian deficits.</a> Acta Neurobiol Exp. 76, 198-210 (2016).</li><li>Bjarkam, C. R., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+MRI-compatible+stereotaxic+localizer+box+enables+high-precision+stereotaxic+procedures+in+pigs.">A MRI-compatible stereotaxic localizer box enables high-precision stereotaxic procedures in pigs.</a> J Neurosci Methods. 139 (2), 293-298 (2004).</li><li>Bjarkam, C. R., Jorgensen, R. L., Jensen, K. N., Sunde, N. A. A., S&#248;rensen, J. C. H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Deep+brain+stimulation+electrode+anchoring+using+BioGlue&#174;,+a+protective+electrode+covering,+and+a+titanium+microplate.">Deep brain stimulation electrode anchoring using BioGlue&#174;, a protective electrode covering, and a titanium microplate.</a> J Neurosci Methods. 168, 151-155 (2008).</li><li>Ettrup, K. S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Basic+Surgical+Techniques+in+the+Minipig:+Intubation,+Transurethral+Bladder+Catheterization,+Femoral+Vessel+Catheterization,+and+Transcardial+Perfusion.">Basic Surgical Techniques in the Minipig: Intubation, Transurethral Bladder Catheterization, Femoral Vessel Catheterization, and Transcardial Perfusion.</a> J Vis Exp. (52), e2652 (2011).</li><li>Ettrup, K. S., Torn&#248;e, J., S&#248;rensen, J. C., Bjarkam, C. 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H., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Positron+emission+tomography+of+living+brain+in+minipigs+and+domestic+pigs.">Positron emission tomography of living brain in minipigs and domestic pigs.</a> Scand J Lab Anim Sci Suppl. 25 (1), 127-135 (1998).</li><li>R&#248;hl, L., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Time+evolution+of+cerebral+perfusion+and+ADC+measured+by+MRI+in+a+porcine+stroke+model.">Time evolution of cerebral perfusion and ADC measured by MRI in a porcine stroke model.</a> J Magn Reson Imaging. 15 (2), 123-129 (2002).</li><li>Cumming, P., Gillings, N. M., Jensen, S. B., Bjarkam, C. 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La maggior parte degli studi di neuroscienze sperimentali vengono eseguiti in piccole specie animali, come topi e ratti, in cui l&#39;accesso al sistema nervoso centrale è facilitato da un sottile skull- e durale spessore. Tuttavia, in animali da esperimento più grandi come maiali 1, 4, 8, pecore 32, e primati non umani, l&#39;elevato spessore di queste strutture richiede l&#39;uso di strumenti robusti...

<html> studi neuroscienze traslazionale nei suini sono diventati sempre più popolari nel corso degli ultimi due decenni. Le grandi dimensioni del cervello di maiale consente l&#39;utilizzo di convenzionali imager cerebrali clinica e l&#39;uso diretto e sperimentazione di procedure neurochirurgiche ed attrezzature dalla clinica umana 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8. Negli ultimi 20 anni, maiali, specialmente maialino (ad esempio, Göttingen cavia), sono stati utilizzati per esaminare modalità di trattamento neuromodulatori, come il trapianto di cellule staminali; Vettore virale trasfezione; e la stimolazione cerebrale profonda diretta verso il morbo di Parkinson, l&#39;obesità, la depressione, e la malattia di Alzheimer 2, 6,= &quot;xref&quot;&gt; 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17. Questo è stato seguito dallo sviluppo di approcci stereotassica e chirurgici per manipolare cavia CNS 3, 18, 19, 20, 21. I cambiamenti del SNC istituiti sono state valutate in animali vivi mediante imaging cerebrale (PET 10, 13, 22, 24 e MR 23), cistometria 11, 12, 25, analisi del passo17, la valutazione neurologica 9, 17, e l&#39;esame autoptico basato su istologia e analisi stereologica 14, 15, 17, 26, 27, 31. Tuttavia, l&#39;analisi post-mortem richiede l&#39;esposizione e la rimozione del cervello di maiale, che non è un compito facile, come una spessa cranio osseo e durale fibroso che copre circondano il cervello di maiale. L&#39;obiettivo di questo documento e video didattico è quello di descrivere come il cervello post-mortem di suini e dell&#39;ipofisi possono essere esposti e rimossi in uno stato integro in 15-20 minuti utilizzando strumenti chirurgici non motorizzati. Il video didattico e illustrazioni fotografiche mostrano cavie di sesso maschile (età: 6 mesi, a corpo libero: 20-25 kg) utilizzato per uno studio anatomico sulla ghiandola pituitaria cavia.

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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Heavy Scalpel Handle #4</td>
			<td style="width:191px;">FST (Fine Science Tools)</td>
			<td style="width:149px;">10008-13</td>
			<td style="width:481px;">Good for skin incision and soft tissue removal</td>
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		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Non-Sterile Scalpel Blades #23</td>
			<td style="width:191px;">FST&#160;</td>
			<td>10023-00</td>
			<td></td>
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		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Scalpel Handle #7</td>
			<td style="width:191px;">FST&#160;</td>
			<td>10007-12</td>
			<td>Optimal for dural incision and precision work</td>
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		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Non-Sterile Scalpel Blades #11</td>
			<td style="width:191px;">FST&#160;</td>
			<td>10011-00</td>
			<td></td>
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		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Surgical Forceps</td>
			<td style="width:191px;">FST&#160;</td>
			<td>11024-18</td>
			<td>The tip of the surgical forceps ensure a firm grip&#160;</td>
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		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Kerrison Bone Punch</td>
			<td style="width:191px;">Aesculap Neurosurgery</td>
			<td style="width:149px;">FF713R</td>
			<td>Must be robust, bite size 3-5 mm</td>
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		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Bone Rongeur</td>
			<td>Aesculap Neurosurgery</td>
			<td style="width:149px;">MD615</td>
			<td>Must be robust, bite size 15 x 5 mm</td>
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		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Bone Rongeur</td>
			<td>Aesculap Neurosurgery</td>
			<td style="width:149px;">FO551R</td>
			<td>Must be robust, bite size 25 x 15 mm&#160;</td>
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		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Bone Chisel</td>
			<td>Lawton</td>
			<td>67-0335</td>
			<td>The size of the chisel head should not exceed 20 mm</td>
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		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Mallet (Hammer)</td>
			<td>Millarco</td>
			<td>5624108</td>
			<td>Weigth 300 g, length 30 cm, head hit area size 2 x 2 cm</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Micro-Scissor</td>
			<td>FST&#160;</td>
			<td>14002-14&#160;&#160;</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Dissector</td>
			<td>Aesculap Neurosurgery</td>
			<td style="width:149px;">OL165R</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;">&#160;G&#246;ttingen minipigs</td>
			<td style="width:191px;">&#160;Ellegaard G&#246;ttingen Minipigs A/S, Denmark</td>
			<td style="width:149px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Euthanimal</td>
			<td style="width:191px;"></td>
			<td style="width:149px;"></td>
			<td>pentobarbital</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Ketamine</td>
			<td style="width:191px;">Pfizer</td>
			<td style="width:149px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Midazolam&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:191px;">Hameln Pharmaceuticals</td>
			<td style="width:149px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
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exposure of the pig cns for histological analysis: a manual for decapitation, skull opening, and brain removal

Suini sono diventate sempre più popolari in larga animale ricerca traslazionale neuroscienze come sostituto economicamente ed eticamente fattibile primati non umani. La dimensione del cervello di grandi dimensioni del maiale permette l&#39;utilizzo di convenzionali imager cervello clinica e l&#39;uso diretto e la sperimentazione di procedure e attrezzature neurochirurgiche dalla clinica umana. Ulteriori analisi macroscopica e istologica, tuttavia, richiede l&#39;esposizione post mortem del maiale sistema nervoso centrale (SNC) e successiva rimozione del cervello. Questo non è un compito facile, come il maiale CNS è incapsulato da una fitta, il cranio ossuto e della colonna vertebrale. L&#39;obiettivo di questo documento e video didattico è quello di descrivere come esporre e rimuovere il cervello post-mortem di suini e la ghiandola pituitaria in uno stato integro, adatto per la successiva analisi macroscopica e istologica.

Per evitare che il materiale del tessuto si secchi, si consiglia di conservare il cervello rimosso e pituitaria in un vaso riempito di fissativo o soluzione salina isotonica immediatamente dopo l&#39;analisi macroscopica è stata eseguita. Il materiale tessuto può essere immagazzinato nel fissativo per anni, mentre stoccaggio in soluzione salina isotonica, anche in frigorifero, porterà a decadimento dei tessuti con il tempo. ...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Exposure of the Pig CNS for Histological Analysis: A Manual for Decapitation, Skull Opening, and Brain Removal at JoVE.com

Exposure of the Pig CNS for Histological Analysis: A Manual for Decapitation, Skull Opening, and Brain Removal

L&#39;obiettivo di questo documento e video didattico è quello di descrivere come esporre e rimuovere il post-mortem del cervello di maiale e ghiandola pituitaria in uno stato integro, adatto per la successiva analisi macroscopica e istologica.

L&#39;esposizione del Maiale CNS per l&#39;analisi istologica: Un manuale per la decapitazione, Teschio di apertura, e Cervello di rimozione

Pigs have become increasingly popular in large-animal translational neuroscience research as an economically and ethically feasible substitute to ...

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The Axial Skeleton

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In vivo imaging of cortical function requires optical access to the brain without disruption of the intracranial environment. We present a method to form ...

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Neuroscienze

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Advances in next-generation sequencing technologies contribute to the identification of (candidate) disease genes for movement disorders and other ...

Recording Synaptic Plasticity in Acute Hippocampal Slices Maintained in a Small-volume Recycling-, Perfusion-, and Submersion-type Chamber System

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Even though experiments on brain slices have been in use since 1951, problems remain that reduce the probability of achieving a stable and successful ...

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Romanzo passivo metodi di compensazione per la produzione rapida di trasparenza ottica nell'intero tessuto dello SNC

Since the development of CLARITY, a bioelectrochemical clearing technique that allows for three-dimensional phenotype mapping within transparent tissues, ...

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Electrocorticography (ECoG) allows the monitoring of electrical field potentials from the cerebral cortex with high spatiotemporal resolution. Recent ...

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Extraction and Dissection of the Domesticated Pig Brain

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Use of the pig as a preclinical and translatable animal model has been well-documented and accepted by research fields investigating cardiovascular ...