Name: exposure of the pig cns for histological analysis: a manual for decapitation, skull opening, and brain removal
Uploaded: 2017-04-13T14:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Exposure of the Pig CNS for Histological Analysis: A Manual for Decapitation, Skull Opening, and Brain Removal at JoVE.com

著者は感謝の気持ちで夫人トリーン・W・ミッケルセン、夫人リセM.継手、およびPåskehøjgaardのスタッフの巧みな支援を認めます。デンマーク医学研究評議会、ルンドベック財団、ノボノルディスク財団が財政的に研究を支持しました。

動物の麻酔とeuthanesiaは（NIH公開番号86から23まで、1985年改訂）および動物研究倫理のためのデンマークの理事会で承認された「実験動物のケアの原則」に従って行われました。 1.楽器<ol><li>ビデオで提示楽器を収集し、 材料の表に記載されています。 </li></ol> 2.斬首注：麻酔は、ミダゾラムの5mLの（を5mg / mL）およびケ?...

<ol>
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H., Cumming, P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Pig+brain+stereotaxic+standard+space:+Mapping+of+cerebral+blood+flow+normative+values+and+effect+of+MPTP-lesioning.">Pig brain stereotaxic standard space: Mapping of cerebral blood flow normative values and effect of MPTP-lesioning.</a> Brain Res Bull. 66 (1), 17-29 (2005).</li><li>Glud, A. N., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Direct+gene+transfer+in+the+minipig+CNS+using+stereotaxic+lentiviral+microinjections.">Direct gene transfer in the minipig CNS using stereotaxic lentiviral microinjections.</a> Acta Neurobiol Exp. 70 (3), 1-8 (2010).</li><li>Glud, A. N., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Direct+MRI-guided+stereotaxic+viral+mediated+gene+transfer+of+alpha-synuclein+in+the+minipig+CNS.">Direct MRI-guided stereotaxic viral mediated gene transfer of alpha-synuclein in the minipig CNS.</a> Acta Neurobiol Exp. 71 (4), 508-518 (2011).</li><li>Ettrup, K. S., S&#248;rensen, J. C., Rodell, A., Alstrup, A. K. O., Bjarkam, C. R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Hypothalamic+deep+brain+stimulation+influences+autonomic+and+limbic+circuitry+involved+in+the+regulation+of+aggression+and+cardiocerebrovascular+control+in+the+minipig.">Hypothalamic deep brain stimulation influences autonomic and limbic circuitry involved in the regulation of aggression and cardiocerebrovascular control in the minipig.</a> Stereotact Funct Neurosurg. 90 (5), 281-291 (2012).</li><li>Nielsen, M. S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Continuous+MPTP+intoxication+in+the+minipig+results+in+chronic+parkinsonian+deficits.">Continuous MPTP intoxication in the minipig results in chronic parkinsonian deficits.</a> Acta Neurobiol Exp. 76, 198-210 (2016).</li><li>Bjarkam, C. R., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+MRI-compatible+stereotaxic+localizer+box+enables+high-precision+stereotaxic+procedures+in+pigs.">A MRI-compatible stereotaxic localizer box enables high-precision stereotaxic procedures in pigs.</a> J Neurosci Methods. 139 (2), 293-298 (2004).</li><li>Bjarkam, C. R., Jorgensen, R. L., Jensen, K. N., Sunde, N. A. A., S&#248;rensen, J. C. H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Deep+brain+stimulation+electrode+anchoring+using+BioGlue&#174;,+a+protective+electrode+covering,+and+a+titanium+microplate.">Deep brain stimulation electrode anchoring using BioGlue&#174;, a protective electrode covering, and a titanium microplate.</a> J Neurosci Methods. 168, 151-155 (2008).</li><li>Ettrup, K. S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Basic+Surgical+Techniques+in+the+Minipig:+Intubation,+Transurethral+Bladder+Catheterization,+Femoral+Vessel+Catheterization,+and+Transcardial+Perfusion.">Basic Surgical Techniques in the Minipig: Intubation, Transurethral Bladder Catheterization, Femoral Vessel Catheterization, and Transcardial Perfusion.</a> J Vis Exp. (52), e2652 (2011).</li><li>Ettrup, K. S., Torn&#248;e, J., S&#248;rensen, J. C., Bjarkam, C. R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+surgical+device+for+minimally+invasive+implantation+of+experimental+deep+brain+stimulation+leads+in+large+research+animals.">A surgical device for minimally invasive implantation of experimental deep brain stimulation leads in large research animals.</a> J Neurosci Methods. 200 (1), 41-46 (2011).</li><li>Danielsen, E. H., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Positron+emission+tomography+of+living+brain+in+minipigs+and+domestic+pigs.">Positron emission tomography of living brain in minipigs and domestic pigs.</a> Scand J Lab Anim Sci Suppl. 25 (1), 127-135 (1998).</li><li>R&#248;hl, L., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Time+evolution+of+cerebral+perfusion+and+ADC+measured+by+MRI+in+a+porcine+stroke+model.">Time evolution of cerebral perfusion and ADC measured by MRI in a porcine stroke model.</a> J Magn Reson Imaging. 15 (2), 123-129 (2002).</li><li>Cumming, P., Gillings, N. M., Jensen, S. B., Bjarkam, C. R., Gjedde, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Kinetics+of+the+uptake+and+distribution+of+the+dopamine+D2/3+agonist+(R)-N-[1-11C]n-propylnorapomorphine+in+brain+of+healthy+and+MPTP-poisoned+Gottingen+miniature+pigs.">Kinetics of the uptake and distribution of the dopamine D2/3 agonist (R)-N-[1-11C]n-propylnorapomorphine in brain of healthy and MPTP-poisoned Gottingen miniature pigs.</a> Nucl Med Biol. 30 (5), 547-553 (2003).</li><li>Jensen, K. N., Deding, D., S&#248;rensen, J. C., Bjarkam, C. R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Long-term+implantation+of+deep+brain+stimulation+electrodes+in+the+pontine+micturition+centre+of+the+minipig.">Long-term implantation of deep brain stimulation electrodes in the pontine micturition centre of the minipig.</a> Acta Neurochir. 151 (7), 785-794 (2009).</li><li>Rosendal, F., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Does+chronic+low+dose+treatment+with+ciclosporin+influence+the+brain?+A+histopathological+study+in+pigs.">Does chronic low dose treatment with ciclosporin influence the brain? A histopathological study in pigs.</a> Transplantation Proc. 37 (8), 3305-3308 (2005).</li><li>Nielsen, M. S., S&#248;rensen, J. C., Bjarkam, C. R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+substantia+nigra+pars+compacta+of+the+minipig:+An+anatomical+and+stereological+study.">The substantia nigra pars compacta of the minipig: An anatomical and stereological study.</a> Brain Struct Funct. (4-5), 481-488 (2009).</li><li>S&#248;rensen, J. C., Bjarkam, C. R., Simonsen, C. Z., Danielsen, E., Geneser, F. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Oriented+sectioning+of+irregular+tissue+blocks+in+relation+to+computerized+scanning+modalities.+Results+from+the+domestic+pig+brain.">Oriented sectioning of irregular tissue blocks in relation to computerized scanning modalities. Results from the domestic pig brain.</a> J Neurosci Methods. 104, 93-98 (2000).</li><li>Bjarkam, C. R., Pedersen, M., S&#248;rensen, J. C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=New+strategies+for+embedding,+orientation+and+sectioning+of+small+brain+specimens+enable+direct+correlation+to+MR-images,+brain+atlases,+or+use+of+unbiased+stereology.">New strategies for embedding, orientation and sectioning of small brain specimens enable direct correlation to MR-images, brain atlases, or use of unbiased stereology.</a> J Neurosci Methods. 108, 153-159 (2001).</li><li>Bjarkam, C. R., S&#248;rensen, J. C., Geneser, F. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Distribution+and+morphology+of+serotonin-immunoreactive+axons+in+the+hippocampal+region+of+the+New+Zealand+white+rabbit.+I.+Area+dentata+and+hippocampus+proper.">Distribution and morphology of serotonin-immunoreactive axons in the hippocampal region of the New Zealand white rabbit. I. Area dentata and hippocampus proper.</a> Hippocampus. 13 (1), 21-37 (2003).</li><li>Bjarkam, C. R., Glud, A. N., Orlowski, D., S&#248;rensen, J. C., Palomero-Gallagher, N. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+telencephalon+of+the+minipig,+cytoarchitecture+and+cortical+surface+anatomy.">The telencephalon of the minipig, cytoarchitecture and cortical surface anatomy.</a> Brain Struct Funct. , (2016).</li><li>Boltze, J., Nitzsche, B., Geiger, K. D., Schoon, H. 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ほとんどの実験的神経科学の研究は、CNSへのアクセスが薄いskull-と硬膜の厚さによって促進されるマウスおよびラットのような小さな動物種、で実行されています。しかし、ブタ1、4、8、羊32、および非ヒト霊長類のような、より大きな実験動物において、これらの構造のかなりの厚さは、堅牢な器具（?...

<html>ブタにおけるトランスレーショナル神経科学の研究では、過去20年間の間に、ますます人気となっています。ブタの脳の大サイズは、従来の臨床脳イメージャと直接使用及びヒト臨床1、2、3、4、5、6、7、8から神経外科手順および装置の試験の使用を可能にします。過去20年間で、豚、特にミニブタ（ 例えば、ゲッティンゲンのミニブタ）、などの幹細胞移植などの神経調節治療法を、調べるために使用されています。ウイルスベクターのトランスフェクション。パーキンソン病、肥満、うつ病、およびアルツハイマー病2、6、に向けおよび脳深部刺激= &quot;XREF&quot;&gt; 9、10、11、12、13、14、15、16、17。これは、ミニブタCNS 3、18、19、20、21を操作するために定位手術的アプローチの開発が続いてきました。制定CNSの変化は脳撮像（PET 10、13、22、24及びMR 23）、膀胱内圧測定11、12、25、歩行分析を用いて、生きた動物で評価されています17、神経学的評価9、17、及び組織学および立体解析14、15、17、26、27、31に基づいて死後検査。しかし、死後分析が厚く、骨の頭蓋骨と繊維状硬膜カバーは、豚の脳を囲むように、簡単な作業ではありません豚の脳の露出および除去を必要とします。 本論文や教育ビデオの目標は、死後のブタの脳と下垂体は、非電動式手術器具を使用して15〜20分で完全な状態で露出して除去することができる方法を記述することです。ミニブタ下垂体の解剖学的研究のために使用教育ビデオや写真のイラストは、オスのミニブタ（20〜25キロ：6ヶ月、体重、年齢）を示します。

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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Heavy Scalpel Handle #4</td>
			<td style="width:191px;">FST (Fine Science Tools)</td>
			<td style="width:149px;">10008-13</td>
			<td style="width:481px;">Good for skin incision and soft tissue removal</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Non-Sterile Scalpel Blades #23</td>
			<td style="width:191px;">FST&#160;</td>
			<td>10023-00</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Scalpel Handle #7</td>
			<td style="width:191px;">FST&#160;</td>
			<td>10007-12</td>
			<td>Optimal for dural incision and precision work</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Non-Sterile Scalpel Blades #11</td>
			<td style="width:191px;">FST&#160;</td>
			<td>10011-00</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Surgical Forceps</td>
			<td style="width:191px;">FST&#160;</td>
			<td>11024-18</td>
			<td>The tip of the surgical forceps ensure a firm grip&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Kerrison Bone Punch</td>
			<td style="width:191px;">Aesculap Neurosurgery</td>
			<td style="width:149px;">FF713R</td>
			<td>Must be robust, bite size 3-5 mm</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Bone Rongeur</td>
			<td>Aesculap Neurosurgery</td>
			<td style="width:149px;">MD615</td>
			<td>Must be robust, bite size 15 x 5 mm</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Bone Rongeur</td>
			<td>Aesculap Neurosurgery</td>
			<td style="width:149px;">FO551R</td>
			<td>Must be robust, bite size 25 x 15 mm&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Bone Chisel</td>
			<td>Lawton</td>
			<td>67-0335</td>
			<td>The size of the chisel head should not exceed 20 mm</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Mallet (Hammer)</td>
			<td>Millarco</td>
			<td>5624108</td>
			<td>Weigth 300 g, length 30 cm, head hit area size 2 x 2 cm</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Micro-Scissor</td>
			<td>FST&#160;</td>
			<td>14002-14&#160;&#160;</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Dissector</td>
			<td>Aesculap Neurosurgery</td>
			<td style="width:149px;">OL165R</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;">&#160;G&#246;ttingen minipigs</td>
			<td style="width:191px;">&#160;Ellegaard G&#246;ttingen Minipigs A/S, Denmark</td>
			<td style="width:149px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Euthanimal</td>
			<td style="width:191px;"></td>
			<td style="width:149px;"></td>
			<td>pentobarbital</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Ketamine</td>
			<td style="width:191px;">Pfizer</td>
			<td style="width:149px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Midazolam&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:191px;">Hameln Pharmaceuticals</td>
			<td style="width:149px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

exposure of the pig cns for histological analysis: a manual for decapitation, skull opening, and brain removal

ブタは、ヒト以外の霊長類への経済的かつ倫理的に実現可能な代替品として大動物翻訳の神経科学研究でますます人気となっています。豚の大規模な脳の大きさは、従来の臨床脳イメージャーを使用すると、人間の診療所から脳神経外科手順および装置を直接使用してテストすることができます。さらに巨視的および組織学的分析は、しかし、豚、中枢神経系（CNS）の死後露光およびその後の脳の除去を必要とします。豚CNSが厚く、骨、頭蓋骨や脊柱によってカプセル化されているので、これは、簡単な作業ではありません。本論文や教育ビデオの目標は、死後のブタの脳とそれに続く肉眼および組織学的分析に適したそのままの状態で下垂体を露出して削除する方法を説明することです。

乾燥から組織材料を防止するためには、巨視的分析が行われた直後の固定剤又は等張食塩水で満たされたジャー中で除去し、脳および下垂体を保管することが推奨されます。組織材料は、等張食塩水に貯蔵に対し、年間の固定液に保存することができるにも冷蔵庫に、経時的に組織崩壊につながります。 無傷のブタの脳?...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Exposure of the Pig CNS for Histological Analysis: A Manual for Decapitation, Skull Opening, and Brain Removal at JoVE.com

Exposure of the Pig CNS for Histological Analysis: A Manual for Decapitation, Skull Opening, and Brain Removal

本論文や教育ビデオの目標は、その後の肉眼および組織学的分析に適したそのままの状態で死後のブタの脳と下垂体を露出して削除する方法を説明することです。

組織学的分析のための豚CNSの露出：斬首、スカルオープニングのためのマニュアル、および脳の取り外し

Pigs have become increasingly popular in large-animal translational neuroscience research as an economically and ethically feasible substitute to ...

Research

Education

JoVE Core

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Anatomy and Physiology

Neuroscience

Unit 1

The Axial Skeleton

SCIENTISTS IN ACTION

A Polished and Reinforced Thinned-skull Window for Long-term Imaging of the Mouse Brain

マウス脳の長期イメージングのためのポリッシュと強化間引き頭蓋骨ウィンドウ

In vivo imaging of cortical function requires optical access to the brain without disruption of the intracranial environment. We present a method to form ...

Co-analysis of Brain Structure and Function using fMRI and Diffusion-weighted Imaging

fMRIと拡散強調画像を用いた脳の構造と機能の同時分析

The study of complex computational systems is facilitated by network maps, such as circuit diagrams. Such mapping is particularly informative when ...

A Comprehensive Protocol for Manual Segmentation of the Medial Temporal Lobe Structures

内側側頭葉構造の手動分割のための総合的なプロトコル

The present paper describes a comprehensive protocol for manual tracing of the set of brain regions comprising the medial temporal lobe (MTL): amygdala, ...

Analyzing Synaptic Modulation of Drosophila melanogaster Photoreceptors after Exposure to Prolonged Light

Analyzing Synaptic Modulation of Drosophila melanogaster Photoreceptors after Exposure to Prolonged Light

のシナプス変調を分析<em&gt;キイロショウジョウバエ</em&gt;長時間の光照射後の感光体

The nervous system has the remarkable ability to adapt and respond to various stimuli. This neural adjustment is largely achieved through plasticity at ...

High-throughput Analysis of Locomotor Behavior in the Drosophila Island Assay

High-throughput Analysis of Locomotor Behavior in the Drosophila Island Assay

ショウジョウバエ島アッセイにおける歩行行動の高スループット解析

Advances in next-generation sequencing technologies contribute to the identification of (candidate) disease genes for movement disorders and other ...

Recording Synaptic Plasticity in Acute Hippocampal Slices Maintained in a Small-volume Recycling-, Perfusion-, and Submersion-type Chamber System

少量循環、血流 - と水没型チャンバー システムで管理急性海馬スライスにおけるシナプス可塑性を記録

Even though experiments on brain slices have been in use since 1951, problems remain that reduce the probability of achieving a stable and successful ...

Novel Passive Clearing Methods for the Rapid Production of Optical Transparency in Whole CNS Tissue

新規パッシブ全体の中枢神経系組織における光透過性の急速な生産のための方法をクリア

Since the development of CLARITY, a bioelectrochemical clearing technique that allows for three-dimensional phenotype mapping within transparent tissues, ...

Chronic Implantation of Whole-cortical Electrocorticographic Array in the Common Marmoset

一般的なセットの全皮質のシェットランドシープドッグ配列の慢性注入

Electrocorticography (ECoG) allows the monitoring of electrical field potentials from the cerebral cortex with high spatiotemporal resolution. Recent ...

Focused Ultrasound Induced Blood-Brain Barrier Opening for Targeting Brain Structures and Evaluating Chemogenetic Neuromodulation

脳構造を標的とし、化学遺伝学的神経調節を評価するための集束超音波誘発血液脳関門開口部

Acoustically Targeted Chemogenetics (ATAC) allows for the noninvasive control of specific neural circuits. ATAC achieves such control through a ...

Extraction and Dissection of the Domesticated Pig Brain

家畜豚脳の抽出と解剖

Use of the pig as a preclinical and translatable animal model has been well-documented and accepted by research fields investigating cardiovascular ...