Name: exposure of the pig cns for histological analysis: a manual for decapitation, skull opening, and brain removal
Uploaded: 2017-04-13T14:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Exposure of the Pig CNS for Histological Analysis: A Manual for Decapitation, Skull Opening, and Brain Removal at JoVE.com

Forfatterne erkjenner med takknemlighet dyktige hjelp fra fru Trine W. Mikkelsen, fru Lise M. Montering, og personalet på Påskehøjgaard. Den danske Medical Research Council, Lundbeck Foundation, og Novo Nordisk Foundation finansielt støttet studien.

Animal anestesi og euthanesia ble utført i henhold til &quot;Prinsipper for forsøksdyr omsorg&quot; (NIH publikasjon nr 86-23, revidert 1985) og godkjent av det danske Rådet for dyre forskningsetikk. 1. instrumenter <ol><li> Samle instrumentene som presenteres i videoen og oppført i tabell for materialteknologi. </li></ol> 2. halshogging MERK: Anestesi ble indusert ved en intramuskulær injeksjon av 5 ml av midazolam (...

<ol>
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C., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Development+of+neuromodulation+treatments+in+a+large+animal+model+-+Do+neurosurgeons+dream+of+electric+pigs?.">Development of neuromodulation treatments in a large animal model - Do neurosurgeons dream of electric pigs?.</a> Prog Brain Res. 194, 97-103 (2011).</li><li>Dolezalova, D., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Pig+models+of+neurodegenerative+disorders:+utilization+in+cell+replacement-based+preclinical+safety+and+efficacy+studies.">Pig models of neurodegenerative disorders: utilization in cell replacement-based preclinical safety and efficacy studies.</a> J Comp Neurol. 522 (12), 2784-2801 (2014).</li><li>Mikkelsen, M., Moller, A., Jensen, L. H., Pedersen, A., Harajehi, J. 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N., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Direct+MRI-guided+stereotaxic+viral+mediated+gene+transfer+of+alpha-synuclein+in+the+minipig+CNS.">Direct MRI-guided stereotaxic viral mediated gene transfer of alpha-synuclein in the minipig CNS.</a> Acta Neurobiol Exp. 71 (4), 508-518 (2011).</li><li>Ettrup, K. S., S&#248;rensen, J. C., Rodell, A., Alstrup, A. K. O., Bjarkam, C. 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S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Basic+Surgical+Techniques+in+the+Minipig:+Intubation,+Transurethral+Bladder+Catheterization,+Femoral+Vessel+Catheterization,+and+Transcardial+Perfusion.">Basic Surgical Techniques in the Minipig: Intubation, Transurethral Bladder Catheterization, Femoral Vessel Catheterization, and Transcardial Perfusion.</a> J Vis Exp. (52), e2652 (2011).</li><li>Ettrup, K. S., Torn&#248;e, J., S&#248;rensen, J. C., Bjarkam, C. 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H., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Positron+emission+tomography+of+living+brain+in+minipigs+and+domestic+pigs.">Positron emission tomography of living brain in minipigs and domestic pigs.</a> Scand J Lab Anim Sci Suppl. 25 (1), 127-135 (1998).</li><li>R&#248;hl, L., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Time+evolution+of+cerebral+perfusion+and+ADC+measured+by+MRI+in+a+porcine+stroke+model.">Time evolution of cerebral perfusion and ADC measured by MRI in a porcine stroke model.</a> J Magn Reson Imaging. 15 (2), 123-129 (2002).</li><li>Cumming, P., Gillings, N. M., Jensen, S. B., Bjarkam, C. 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R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+substantia+nigra+pars+compacta+of+the+minipig:+An+anatomical+and+stereological+study.">The substantia nigra pars compacta of the minipig: An anatomical and stereological study.</a> Brain Struct Funct. (4-5), 481-488 (2009).</li><li>S&#248;rensen, J. C., Bjarkam, C. R., Simonsen, C. Z., Danielsen, E., Geneser, F. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Oriented+sectioning+of+irregular+tissue+blocks+in+relation+to+computerized+scanning+modalities.+Results+from+the+domestic+pig+brain.">Oriented sectioning of irregular tissue blocks in relation to computerized scanning modalities. Results from the domestic pig brain.</a> J Neurosci Methods. 104, 93-98 (2000).</li><li>Bjarkam, C. R., Pedersen, M., S&#248;rensen, J. 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De fleste eksperimentelle nevro studier er utført på små dyrearter, slik som mus og rotter, hvor tilgang til CNS er tilrettelagt med en tynn skull- og dural-tykkelse. I større forsøksdyr som griser 1, 4, 8, sauer 32, og ikke-humane primater, den betraktelige tykkelse av disse strukturene nødvendiggjør bruk av robuste instrumenter (tabell av materialer) og riktig startpunkter for skallebenet fjerni...

<html> Translasjonsforskning nevrovitenskap studier i griser har blitt stadig mer populært i løpet av de siste to tiårene. Den store størrelsen på grisehjerne muliggjør bruk av konvensjonelle kliniske hjerne kameraene og direkte bruk og testing av nevrokirurgiske prosedyrer og utstyr fra den humane klinikk 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8. I de siste 20 årene, griser, spesielt minigriser (f.eks, Gottingen minigris), er blitt brukt til å undersøke neuromodulatory behandlingsformer, slik som stamcelletransplantasjon; viral vektor transfeksjon; og dyp hjernestimulasjon rettet mot Parkinsons sykdom, fedme, depresjon og Alzheimers sykdom 2, 6,= &quot;xref&quot;&gt; 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17. Dette er fulgt av en utvikling av stereotaksiske og kirurgiske tilnærminger for å manipulere marsvin CNS 3, 18, 19, 20, 21. Er blitt evaluert anlegges CNS endringer i levende dyr ved å bruke hjerneavbildning (PET 10, 13, 22, 24 og MR-23), cystometry 11, 12, 25, gangartanalyse17, neurologisk evaluering 9, 17, og post mortem undersøkelse basert på histologi og stereological analyse 14, 15, 17, 26, 27, 31. Imidlertid krever post mortem analyse eksponering og fjerning av grisehjerne, som er ikke en lett oppgave, som en tykk, bony skalle og et fibrøst dural dekker omgir grisehjerne. Målet med dette papiret og instruksjonsvideo er å beskrive hvordan postmortem gris hjernen og hypofysen kan bli utsatt og fjernet i et intakt tilstand i 15-20 min ved hjelp av ikke-motoriserte kirurgiske verktøy. Instruksjonsvideoen og fotografiske illustrasjoner viser mannlige minigriser (alder: 6 måneder, kroppsvekt: 20-25 kg) som brukes for en anatomisk studie om minigris hypofysen.

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="1036">
	<tbody>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Heavy Scalpel Handle #4</td>
			<td style="width:191px;">FST (Fine Science Tools)</td>
			<td style="width:149px;">10008-13</td>
			<td style="width:481px;">Good for skin incision and soft tissue removal</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Non-Sterile Scalpel Blades #23</td>
			<td style="width:191px;">FST&#160;</td>
			<td>10023-00</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Scalpel Handle #7</td>
			<td style="width:191px;">FST&#160;</td>
			<td>10007-12</td>
			<td>Optimal for dural incision and precision work</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Non-Sterile Scalpel Blades #11</td>
			<td style="width:191px;">FST&#160;</td>
			<td>10011-00</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Surgical Forceps</td>
			<td style="width:191px;">FST&#160;</td>
			<td>11024-18</td>
			<td>The tip of the surgical forceps ensure a firm grip&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Kerrison Bone Punch</td>
			<td style="width:191px;">Aesculap Neurosurgery</td>
			<td style="width:149px;">FF713R</td>
			<td>Must be robust, bite size 3-5 mm</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Bone Rongeur</td>
			<td>Aesculap Neurosurgery</td>
			<td style="width:149px;">MD615</td>
			<td>Must be robust, bite size 15 x 5 mm</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Bone Rongeur</td>
			<td>Aesculap Neurosurgery</td>
			<td style="width:149px;">FO551R</td>
			<td>Must be robust, bite size 25 x 15 mm&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Bone Chisel</td>
			<td>Lawton</td>
			<td>67-0335</td>
			<td>The size of the chisel head should not exceed 20 mm</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Mallet (Hammer)</td>
			<td>Millarco</td>
			<td>5624108</td>
			<td>Weigth 300 g, length 30 cm, head hit area size 2 x 2 cm</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Micro-Scissor</td>
			<td>FST&#160;</td>
			<td>14002-14&#160;&#160;</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Dissector</td>
			<td>Aesculap Neurosurgery</td>
			<td style="width:149px;">OL165R</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;">&#160;G&#246;ttingen minipigs</td>
			<td style="width:191px;">&#160;Ellegaard G&#246;ttingen Minipigs A/S, Denmark</td>
			<td style="width:149px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Euthanimal</td>
			<td style="width:191px;"></td>
			<td style="width:149px;"></td>
			<td>pentobarbital</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Ketamine</td>
			<td style="width:191px;">Pfizer</td>
			<td style="width:149px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Midazolam&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:191px;">Hameln Pharmaceuticals</td>
			<td style="width:149px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
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exposure of the pig cns for histological analysis: a manual for decapitation, skull opening, and brain removal

Griser har blitt stadig mer populære i stor dyr translasjonell nevro forskning som en økonomisk og etisk gjennomførbart alternativ til ikke-menneskelige primater. Den store hjernestørrelse av pluggen tillater bruk av konvensjonelle kliniske hjerne kameraene og direkte bruk og testing av nevrokirurgiske prosedyrer og utstyr fra den humane klinikk. Videre makroskopisk og histologisk analyse krever imidlertid postmortem eksponering av pluggen sentralnervesystemet (CNS) og etterfølgende fjerning av hjernen. Dette er ikke en lett oppgave, som piggen CNS er innkapslet av en tykk, bony skalle og ryggsøylen. Målet med dette papir, og instruksjonsvideo er å beskrive hvordan man avsløre og fjerne postmortem grisehjerne og hypofysen i en intakt tilstand, egnet for etterfølgende makroskopisk og histologisk analyse.

For å hindre at vevet materiale fra å tørke ut, er det anbefalt å lagre fjernet hjerne og hypofyse i en krukke fylt med fikseringsmiddel eller isotonisk saltoppløsning umiddelbart etter makroskopisk analyse er blitt utført. Vevet materiale kan lagres i fiksativ i år, mens lagring i isotonisk saltoppløsning, selv i et kjøleskap, vil føre til vev nedbrytning med tiden. Den fjernede hypofysen kan også være direkte fro...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Exposure of the Pig CNS for Histological Analysis: A Manual for Decapitation, Skull Opening, and Brain Removal at JoVE.com

Exposure of the Pig CNS for Histological Analysis: A Manual for Decapitation, Skull Opening, and Brain Removal

Målet med dette papir, og instruksjonsvideo er å beskrive hvordan man avsløre og fjerne postmortem grisehjerne og hypofysen i en intakt tilstand, egnet for etterfølgende makroskopisk og histologisk analyse.

Eksponering av Pig CNS for Histologisk analyse: En håndbok for halshogging, Skull Åpning og Brain Removal

Pigs have become increasingly popular in large-animal translational neuroscience research as an economically and ethically feasible substitute to ...

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Even though experiments on brain slices have been in use since 1951, problems remain that reduce the probability of achieving a stable and successful ...

Novel Passive Clearing Methods for the Rapid Production of Optical Transparency in Whole CNS Tissue

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Since the development of CLARITY, a bioelectrochemical clearing technique that allows for three-dimensional phenotype mapping within transparent tissues, ...

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Electrocorticography (ECoG) allows the monitoring of electrical field potentials from the cerebral cortex with high spatiotemporal resolution. Recent ...

Focused Ultrasound Induced Blood-Brain Barrier Opening for Targeting Brain Structures and Evaluating Chemogenetic Neuromodulation

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Acoustically Targeted Chemogenetics (ATAC) allows for the noninvasive control of specific neural circuits. ATAC achieves such control through a ...

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Use of the pig as a preclinical and translatable animal model has been well-documented and accepted by research fields investigating cardiovascular ...