Name: a novel biaxial testing apparatus for the determination of forming limit under hot stamping conditions
Uploaded: 2017-04-04T12:30:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about A Novel Biaxial Testing Apparatus for the Determination of Forming Limit under Hot Stamping Conditions at JoVE.com

This research was supported by the European Union's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) under grant agreement No. 604240, project title "An industrial system enabling the use of a patented, lab-proven materials processing technology for Low Cost forming of Lightweight structures for transportation industries (LoCoLite)."

1. Подготовка образцов <ol><li> Машина плоская собачья кость и крестообразные образцы из коммерческого материала алюминиевого сплава 6082 (AA6082), используя резак лазера и компьютерное числовое программное управление (ЧПУ) фрезерный станок (для формуемости испытаний при различных траектори?...

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Обычные методы испытаний формуемости, используемые для определения пределов формирования, как правило, применимы только при комнатной температуре. Представленная методика может быть использована для оценки формуемости металлов для горячего тиснения приложений листа путем введения...

Автомобильная промышленность сталкивается с огромной глобальной проблемой сокращения потребления топлива и минимизацией загрязнения окружающей среды от выбросов транспортных средств. Снижение веса является полезным для повышения производительности автомобилей и может непосредственно сократить потребление энергии 1. Из - за низкой формуемости листовых металлов при комнатной температуре, горячей штамповки и процессов закалки холодной матрицы (называемые горячего тиснения) 2 используются для улучшения формуемости сплавов и , таким образом , чтобы получить сложные компоненты формируются в автомобильной промышленности. Являющаяся диаграммой предельного деформирования (ДПД) является полезным инструментом для оценки формуемость сплава 3. Вне плоскости тесты, такие как тест Nakazima 4, 5, а в плоскости тесты, такие как тест Марчиняк 6, 7, 8, Aповторно обычных экспериментальных методов для получения FLDS листовых металлов в различных условиях 9, 10, 11. Двухосная испытательная машина сервогидравлической также была использована для исследования формуемости сплавов при комнатной температуре 12, 13. Тем не менее, ни один из вышеуказанных способов не применимы к испытаниям формуемости при горячих условиях штамповки, так как процесс до формирования требуется наряду с контролем скорости нагрева и охлаждения охлаждения. Температура деформации и скорости деформации трудно получить точно. Таким образом, новая система тестирования формуемости предлагаются в данном исследовании экспериментально определить, образующие границы листовых металлов при нагревании штамповки.

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="923">
	<colgroup>
		<col />
		<col />
		<col />
		<col />
	</colgroup>
	<tbody>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:229px;">Aluminium Alloy&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:152px;">Smiths Metal</td>
			<td style="width:121px;">6082</td>
			<td style="width:421px;">Specimens machining</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:229px;">Laser cutter</td>
			<td style="width:152px;">LVD Ltd</td>
			<td style="width:121px;">HELIUS 25/13</td>
			<td>Laser cutting specimens</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:229px;">CNC machine</td>
			<td style="width:152px;">HAAS Automation</td>
			<td style="width:121px;">TM-2CE</td>
			<td>Machine specimens by milling</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:229px;">Vernier caliper</td>
			<td style="width:152px;">Mitutoyo</td>
			<td style="width:121px;">575-481</td>
			<td>Thickness measurement</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:229px;">Resistance heating uniaxial testing machine</td>
			<td style="width:152px;">Dynamic System Inc</td>
			<td style="width:121px;">Gleeble 3800</td>
			<td>Thermo-mechanical materials simulator</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:229px;">High flow quench system</td>
			<td style="width:152px;">Dynamic System Inc</td>
			<td style="width:121px;">38510</td>
			<td>For air cooling</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:229px;">Thermocouples</td>
			<td style="width:152px;">Dynamic System Inc</td>
			<td style="width:121px;">K type</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:229px;">Nozzles</td>
			<td style="width:152px;">Indexa</td>
			<td style="width:121px;"></td>
			<td>Nozzle flared 1/4 inch bore</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:229px;">Welding cables</td>
			<td style="width:152px;">LAPP Group</td>
			<td style="width:121px;">H01N2-D</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:229px;">High-speed camera</td>
			<td style="width:152px;">Photron</td>
			<td style="width:121px;">UX50</td>
			<td>For DIC testing</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:229px;">Camera lens</td>
			<td style="width:152px;">Nikon</td>
			<td style="width:121px;">Micro 200mm</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:229px;">Lamp</td>
			<td style="width:152px;">Liliput</td>
			<td style="width:121px;">150ce</td>
			<td>300W</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:229px;">Laptop</td>
			<td style="width:152px;">HP</td>
			<td style="width:121px;">Campaq 2530p</td>
			<td>For images recording</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:229px;">Biaxial testing apparatus</td>
			<td style="width:152px;">Manufactured independently</td>
			<td style="width:121px;"></td>
			<td style="width:421px;">All parts were designed and machinced by authors for biaxial testing</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:229px;">Steel&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:152px;">West Yorkshire Steel</td>
			<td style="width:121px;">H13</td>
			<td style="width:421px;">Mateials of the biaxial testing apparatus</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:229px;">Image correlation processing software</td>
			<td style="width:152px;">GOM</td>
			<td style="width:121px;">ARAMIS</td>
			<td>Non-contact measuring system and data post-pocessing</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

a novel biaxial testing apparatus for the determination of forming limit under hot stamping conditions

Горячее тиснение и процесс закалки холодные умирают чаще используются для формирования сложной формы структурных компонент листового металла. Обычные экспериментальные подходы, такие как вне-плоскости и в плоскости испытаний, не применимы к определению формирования пределов при нагревании и быстрые процессы охлаждения вводят перед формованием для испытаний, проведенных в жарких условиях тиснения. Система двухосного испытания нового в плоскости была разработана и использована для определения формирования пределов листового металла на различные траекториях деформации, температурах и скоростях деформации после нагрева и охлаждения процессов в резистивном нагреве одноосной испытательной машины. Основная часть двухосной системы тестирования является двухосным устройством, которое передает одноосное усилие, создаваемое одноосной испытательной машиной с двухосной силой. Один типа крестообразных образца был разработан и проверен для испытания формования алюминиевого сплава 6082 с использованием предлагаемого двухосной системы тестирования. Цифровые имвозраст корреляционная система (ДВС-синдром) с камерой высокоскоростной была использована для проведения измерений деформации образца во время деформации. Цель предлагает эту двухосной систему тестирования, чтобы позволить образующие границы сплава, которые будут определены при различных температурах и скоростях деформации при горячих условиях штамповки.

Так как ЛПР сильно Штамм путь-зависимой, линейность траектории деформации для каждого условия испытаний была подтверждена путем анализа результатов DIC; пути деформации пропорциональны по всей деформации для каждого условия испытаний. Диапазон коэффициента деформац...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about A Novel Biaxial Testing Apparatus for the Determination of Forming Limit under Hot Stamping Conditions at JoVE.com

A Novel Biaxial Testing Apparatus for the Determination of Forming Limit under Hot Stamping Conditions

Этот протокол предлагает новую двухосную систему тестирования, используемую на резистивном нагреве одноосного растяжения испытательной машины для того, чтобы определить предельное деформирование диаграммы (FLD) из листового металла при горячих условиях штамповки.

Устройство для Novel двухосного Тестирования для определения предельного деформирования при горячей штамповке Условия

The hot stamping and cold die quenching process is increasingly used to form complex shaped structural components of sheet metals. Conventional ...

The overall goal of this experiment is to determine the forming limits of sheet metals under hot stamping conditions through the use of a novel biaxial texting system. The main advantages of this technique is that it enables forming limits of sheet metals to be determined experimentally and accomplish forming conditions. Generally conventional formability tests are not applicable to hot stamping for two reasons.First, the cooling process occurs prior to deformation and the second, controlling the forming parameters is very difficult. We were the first in the field to have the idea of using a novel biaxial testing system to measure forming limits and the complex forming conditions. For a formability test, set different strain paths including uniaxial plain strain and equibiaxial straining states.Machine flat and dog bone cruciform specimens from commercial material aluminum alloy 6082. Use a laser cutter and a computer controlled milling machine. From each specimen, take the average of three thickness measurements made with vernier calipers or micrometers at each specimen's central gauge region.The cruciform specimen should measure 0.7 millimeters plus and minus five microns and the uniaxial specimen should measure 1.5 millimeters plus and minus 10 microns. Now, spray paint the entire top surface of a cruciform specimen with one coat of flame resistant black spray paint. The paint must withstand temperatures in excess of 1, 000 degrees Celsius.After the paint dries, use white flame resistant spray paint to add dots for recognition by the DIC system. Spray from one arm's length away to create a stochastic pattern. Then weld a pair of thermal couples to the center of the unpainted back surface.First, assemble all parts of the biaxial testing apparatus including a base plate, a central shaft, input and output rotatable plates, carriages, a clamp, guide rails, and rigid connecting rods. Next, attach four welding cables to each pair of stainless steel and copper grips. Thus, connect the welding cables to the electrical power supply.Now secure the grips of the biaxial testing apparatus in the uniaxial tensile test machine, and for added security, attach the apparatus with bolts to the topside, and to the bottom side of the base plate. Now load the specimen onto the specimen holders of the test apparatus and connect the thermal couples to the feedback temperature control system of the testing machine to monitor and control the temperature. Next, set up the heating and quenching system.Connect each terminal of the welding cables to each clamping region of the specimen. Then, tighten each clamping region to the top plate which serves as the electrode for resistance heating. For cooling, connect hoses with flared nozzles to a high flow quench system.Set the system to produce an air pressure of 8, 000 kilograms per square meter. Now, position four nozzles to move air from the specimen's arms to its central region. Be sure to position the nozzles so they are not blocking the camera's view of the central zone.Now, attach micro lens to the high speed camera of the DIC system and set it up to view the central zone. Then connect the camera to a laptop. Adjust the frame rate to the test according to the stretching strain.Plan to collect at least 200 frames of data per test. Set the capture resolution to 1, 280 by 1, 024. Now focus the camera on the gauge section with the lens parallel to the top surface of the specimen.For high strain tests point an additional 300 watt spotlight directly into the test chamber. To start the resistance heating uniaxial tensile test machine, click the triangular run button in the control software. Then start the camera using a trigger button so it records the deformation history.The specimen is now heat treated and stretched at the selected constant temperature and strain rate. Perform the tests at different strain paths consisting of uniaxial, plain strain, and biaxial states by adjusting the configuration of the biaxial testing apparatus. For uniaxial tests, disconnect the two opposed connecting rods and clamp a dog bone specimen to the apparatus.Then connect the welding cables and repeat the other preparatory steps. For plain strain state tests, fix two opposed carriages to the base plate with screw bolts. This restricts the deformation on the corresponding direction.Then proceed to collect data. Formability tests using the novel plain biaxial tensile testing system were conducted at the designated deformation temperatures and strain rates after the heating and cooling processes. A forming limit curve identifies the boundary between uniform deformation and the onset of plastic instability or diffuse necking which leads to failure.As the strain rate increased, the forming limit of the alloy increased. A monotonic increase in the forming limit from 370 to 510 degrees Celsius indicates that high formability of the alloy can be obtained at a higher temperature under hot stamping conditions. The three forming limit curves are quite close to each other.Thus, the sensitivity of the temperature dependence is larger for tension tension biaxial strain paths than for tension compression strain paths. After watching this video you should have a good understanding of how to set up an experiment and conduct the formability test at various temperatures and strain rates by using the proposed system. Following this procedure, forming limits of alloy sheet metals like magnesium alloy or boron steel, can also be melded in the hot stamping conditions.

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The Discrete Element Method is used for the simulation of particulate systems to describe and analyze them, to predict and afterwards optimize their ...

Advanced Experimental Methods for Low-temperature Magnetotransport Measurement of Novel Materials

Расширенный Экспериментальные методы низкотемпературной магнитотранспорте измерения новых материалов

Novel electronic materials are often produced for the first time by synthesis processes that yield bulk crystals (in contrast to single crystal thin film ...

Spark Plasma Sintering Apparatus Used for the Formation of Strontium Titanate Bicrystals

Спарк Плазменный спекания аппарат, используемый для образования титаната стронция бикристаллов

A spark plasma sintering apparatus was used as a novel method for diffusion bonding of two single crystals of strontium titanate to form bicrystals with ...

In Situ Visualization of the Phase Behavior of Oil Samples Under Refinery Process Conditions

In Situ Visualization of the Phase Behavior of Oil Samples Under Refinery Process Conditions

В Ситу Визуализация фазового поведения нефтяных образцов в условиях процесса нефтеперерабатывающего завода

To help address production issues in refineries caused by the fouling of process units and lines, we have developed a setup as well as a method to ...

Subsurface Defect Localization by Structured Heating Using Laser Projected Photothermal Thermography

Локализация дефектов при структурном нагреве с использованием лазерной прогнозируемой фототермической термографии

The presented method is used to locate subsurface defects oriented perpendicularly to the surface. To achieve this, we create destructively interfering ...

A Novel Method for In Situ Electromechanical Characterization of Nanoscale Specimens

A Novel Method for In Situ Electromechanical Characterization of Nanoscale Specimens

Новый метод для<em&gt; Разное</em&gt; Электромеханическая характеристика наноразмерных образцов

Electrically assisted deformation (EAD) is increasingly being used to improve the formability of metals during processes such as sheet metal rolling and ...