Name: a novel biaxial testing apparatus for the determination of forming limit under hot stamping conditions
Uploaded: 2017-04-04T12:30:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about A Novel Biaxial Testing Apparatus for the Determination of Forming Limit under Hot Stamping Conditions at JoVE.com

This research was supported by the European Union's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) under grant agreement No. 604240, project title "An industrial system enabling the use of a patented, lab-proven materials processing technology for Low Cost forming of Lightweight structures for transportation industries (LoCoLite)."

Numunelerin hazırlanması 1. <ol><li> Makine düz köpek kemiği ve bir lazer kesici ve tek eksenli, düzlem şekil dahil olmak üzere farklı gerilme yolları ile şekillendirilebilme testleri için bir bilgisayarlı sayısal denetim (CNC) freze (kullanarak, ticari malzemesi alüminyum alaşım 6082 (AA6082) den haç numuneler ve eş-eksenli germe devletler). </li><li> Merkez ayar bölgesi bir Vernier kaliperi ile üç kez her haç numune ve her bir köpek kemiği numune kalınlığının ölçülmesi ve ortalama de...

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S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+simple+technique+to+generate+in-plane+forming+limit+curves+and+selected+applications.">A simple technique to generate in-plane forming limit curves and selected applications.</a> Metall. Mater. Trans. A. 26 (8), 2075-2084 (1995).</li><li>Ragab, A. R., Baudelet, B. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Forming+limit+curves:+out-of-plane+and+in-plane+stretching.">Forming limit curves: out-of-plane and in-plane stretching.</a> J. Mech. Work. 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Technol. 21 (5), 055701 (2010).</li><li>Hannon, A., Tiernan, P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+review+of+planar+biaxial+tensile+test+systems+for+sheet+metal.">A review of planar biaxial tensile test systems for sheet metal.</a> J. of Mater. Process. Tech. 198 (1-3), 1-13 (2008).</li><li>Garrett, R., Lin, J., Dean, T. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=An+investigation+of+the+effects+of+solution+heat+treatment+on+mechanical+properties+for+AA+6xxx+alloys:+experimentation+and+modelling.">An investigation of the effects of solution heat treatment on mechanical properties for AA 6xxx alloys: experimentation and modelling.</a> Int. J. 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sınırlarını oluşturan belirlemek için kullanılan geleneksel şekillendirilebilirlik test yöntemleri genellikle sadece oda sıcaklığında uygulanabilir. sunulan teknik tek eksenli test makinesi bir ısıtma direnci için yeni bir iki eksenli test cihazı sokulmasıyla sıcak levha presleme uygulamaları için metallerin şekillendirilebilirliğini değerlendirmek için de kullanılabilir. Bu sıcak baskı uygulamaları için geleneksel yöntemler kullanılarak yapılamaz. Isıtma ve soğutma sistemleri ve DIC s...

Otomotiv endüstrisi, yakıt tüketimini azaltan ve araç kaynaklı çevre kirliliğini minimize büyük bir küresel karşı karşıya. Kilo kaybı otomobil performansının geliştirilmesi için faydalıdır ve direkt olarak enerji tüketimini 1 azaltabilir. Nedeniyle, oda sıcaklığında, sıcak damgalama ve soğuk kalıp soğutma süreçleri sacları düşük şekillenebilirlik için 2 alaşımların şekillendirilebilirliğini artırmak için kullanılan ve bu nedenle, otomotiv uygulamalarında karmaşık şekilli bileşenlerin elde edilmesi için (sıcak presleme anılacaktır). Bir şekillendirme sınır diyagramı (FLD) bir alaşım 3 şekillendirilebilirliğini değerlendirmek için yararlı bir araçtır. Örneğin Nakazima testi gibi İşlemleri düzlem testleri, 4, örneğin Marciniak testi 6, 7, 8, bir şekilde 5 ve düzlem testleri,Geleneksel deneysel yöntemler yeniden çeşitli koşullar 9, 10, 11 altında tabaka metallerin FLDs elde edildi. Bir servo-hidrolik test makinesi çift eksenli da oda sıcaklığında 12, 13 de alaşımlar şekillendirilebilirliğini araştırmak için kullanılmıştır. Bununla birlikte, yukarıda yöntemlerden hiçbiri önceki ısıtma ve soğutma oranlarının kontrolü ile birlikte gerekli olan oluşturulması için bir soğutma işlemi için, sıcak damgalama koşulları altında şekillendirilebilirlik testleri için de geçerlidir. deformasyon sıcaklık ve çekme oranının doğru elde etmek zordur. Bu nedenle, yeni bir şekillenebilirlik test sistemi deneysel sıcak damgalama koşullar altında tabaka metal şekillendirme sınırlarını belirlemek için bu çalışmada önerilmiştir.

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="923">
	<colgroup>
		<col />
		<col />
		<col />
		<col />
	</colgroup>
	<tbody>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:229px;">Aluminium Alloy&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:152px;">Smiths Metal</td>
			<td style="width:121px;">6082</td>
			<td style="width:421px;">Specimens machining</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:229px;">Laser cutter</td>
			<td style="width:152px;">LVD Ltd</td>
			<td style="width:121px;">HELIUS 25/13</td>
			<td>Laser cutting specimens</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:229px;">CNC machine</td>
			<td style="width:152px;">HAAS Automation</td>
			<td style="width:121px;">TM-2CE</td>
			<td>Machine specimens by milling</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:229px;">Vernier caliper</td>
			<td style="width:152px;">Mitutoyo</td>
			<td style="width:121px;">575-481</td>
			<td>Thickness measurement</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:229px;">Resistance heating uniaxial testing machine</td>
			<td style="width:152px;">Dynamic System Inc</td>
			<td style="width:121px;">Gleeble 3800</td>
			<td>Thermo-mechanical materials simulator</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:229px;">High flow quench system</td>
			<td style="width:152px;">Dynamic System Inc</td>
			<td style="width:121px;">38510</td>
			<td>For air cooling</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:229px;">Thermocouples</td>
			<td style="width:152px;">Dynamic System Inc</td>
			<td style="width:121px;">K type</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:229px;">Nozzles</td>
			<td style="width:152px;">Indexa</td>
			<td style="width:121px;"></td>
			<td>Nozzle flared 1/4 inch bore</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:229px;">Welding cables</td>
			<td style="width:152px;">LAPP Group</td>
			<td style="width:121px;">H01N2-D</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:229px;">High-speed camera</td>
			<td style="width:152px;">Photron</td>
			<td style="width:121px;">UX50</td>
			<td>For DIC testing</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:229px;">Camera lens</td>
			<td style="width:152px;">Nikon</td>
			<td style="width:121px;">Micro 200mm</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:229px;">Lamp</td>
			<td style="width:152px;">Liliput</td>
			<td style="width:121px;">150ce</td>
			<td>300W</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:229px;">Laptop</td>
			<td style="width:152px;">HP</td>
			<td style="width:121px;">Campaq 2530p</td>
			<td>For images recording</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:229px;">Biaxial testing apparatus</td>
			<td style="width:152px;">Manufactured independently</td>
			<td style="width:121px;"></td>
			<td style="width:421px;">All parts were designed and machinced by authors for biaxial testing</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:229px;">Steel&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:152px;">West Yorkshire Steel</td>
			<td style="width:121px;">H13</td>
			<td style="width:421px;">Mateials of the biaxial testing apparatus</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:229px;">Image correlation processing software</td>
			<td style="width:152px;">GOM</td>
			<td style="width:121px;">ARAMIS</td>
			<td>Non-contact measuring system and data post-pocessing</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

a novel biaxial testing apparatus for the determination of forming limit under hot stamping conditions

sıcak damgalama ve soğuk kalıp su verme işlemi, saçların metallerin kompleks biçimli yapısal bileşenlerini oluşturmak için kullanılır. bu düzlem Çıkış ve düzlem testleri gibi geleneksel deney yaklaşımlar, ısıtma ve hızlı soğutma işlemleri, sıcak damgalama koşulları altında yürütülen testler için şekillendirme işleminden önce zaman sınırlarını oluşturan belirlenmesi için geçerli değildir. Bir yeni düzlem çift eksenli bir test sistemi tasarlanmış ve tek eksenli test makinesi bir ısıtma direnci prosesleri ısıtma ve soğutma sonrasında çeşitli gerilme yolları, sıcaklıklar ve gerilme oranlarında sacları sınırlarını oluşturan belirlenmesi için kullanılmıştır. çift ​​eksenli test sisteminin temel kısmı bir çift eksenli kuvvetine tek eksenli test makinesi tarafından temin edilen bir tek eksenli bir kuvvet aktaran bir çift eksenli düzenek vardır. Haç biçiminde örnek bir tipi tasarlanmış ve önerilen iki eksenli test sistemi kullanılarak alüminyum alaşım 6082 şekillenebilirliği testi için doğrulanmıştır. dijital imyüksek hızlı kamera ile yaş korelasyon (DIC) sistemi deformasyon sırasında numunenin gerilme ölçümleri yapmak için kullanıldı. Bu çift eksenli bir test sistemi teklif amacı sıcak damgalama koşullar altında çeşitli sıcaklıklarda ve gerilme oranlarında belirlenecek bir alaşımın oluşturan sınırları sağlamaktır.

FLDs yüksek gerilme yolu bağımlı olduğu için, her bir test koşulu için soy yolu doğrusallığı DIC sonuçları analiz ile doğrulanmıştır; gerinim eğrileri her deney koşulu için deformasyon boyunca orantılıdır. önemsizden büyük gerilme oranı aralığı (çift eksenli durumda yakın) 0.26, yaklaşık -0.37 (tek eksenli durum) &#39;dir. Farklı AA6082 koşulları için veri işleme farklı suş yolları için sınır verileri oluşturulmasıyla belirlenmiştir ve dol...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about A Novel Biaxial Testing Apparatus for the Determination of Forming Limit under Hot Stamping Conditions at JoVE.com

A Novel Biaxial Testing Apparatus for the Determination of Forming Limit under Hot Stamping Conditions

Bu protokol, sıcak damgalama koşullar altında tabaka metal şekillendirme sınırı şeması (FLD) belirlemek amacıyla, tek eksenli çekme test cihazı bir ısıtma direnci üzerinde kullanılan yeni bir iki eksenli bir test sistemi önermektedir.

Sıcak Baskı Koşullarında Şekillendirme Limit belirlemesi için yeni bir iki eksenli Test Aparatı

The hot stamping and cold die quenching process is increasingly used to form complex shaped structural components of sheet metals. Conventional ...

The overall goal of this experiment is to determine the forming limits of sheet metals under hot stamping conditions through the use of a novel biaxial texting system. The main advantages of this technique is that it enables forming limits of sheet metals to be determined experimentally and accomplish forming conditions. Generally conventional formability tests are not applicable to hot stamping for two reasons.First, the cooling process occurs prior to deformation and the second, controlling the forming parameters is very difficult. We were the first in the field to have the idea of using a novel biaxial testing system to measure forming limits and the complex forming conditions. For a formability test, set different strain paths including uniaxial plain strain and equibiaxial straining states.Machine flat and dog bone cruciform specimens from commercial material aluminum alloy 6082. Use a laser cutter and a computer controlled milling machine. From each specimen, take the average of three thickness measurements made with vernier calipers or micrometers at each specimen's central gauge region.The cruciform specimen should measure 0.7 millimeters plus and minus five microns and the uniaxial specimen should measure 1.5 millimeters plus and minus 10 microns. Now, spray paint the entire top surface of a cruciform specimen with one coat of flame resistant black spray paint. The paint must withstand temperatures in excess of 1, 000 degrees Celsius.After the paint dries, use white flame resistant spray paint to add dots for recognition by the DIC system. Spray from one arm's length away to create a stochastic pattern. Then weld a pair of thermal couples to the center of the unpainted back surface.First, assemble all parts of the biaxial testing apparatus including a base plate, a central shaft, input and output rotatable plates, carriages, a clamp, guide rails, and rigid connecting rods. Next, attach four welding cables to each pair of stainless steel and copper grips. Thus, connect the welding cables to the electrical power supply.Now secure the grips of the biaxial testing apparatus in the uniaxial tensile test machine, and for added security, attach the apparatus with bolts to the topside, and to the bottom side of the base plate. Now load the specimen onto the specimen holders of the test apparatus and connect the thermal couples to the feedback temperature control system of the testing machine to monitor and control the temperature. Next, set up the heating and quenching system.Connect each terminal of the welding cables to each clamping region of the specimen. Then, tighten each clamping region to the top plate which serves as the electrode for resistance heating. For cooling, connect hoses with flared nozzles to a high flow quench system.Set the system to produce an air pressure of 8, 000 kilograms per square meter. Now, position four nozzles to move air from the specimen's arms to its central region. Be sure to position the nozzles so they are not blocking the camera's view of the central zone.Now, attach micro lens to the high speed camera of the DIC system and set it up to view the central zone. Then connect the camera to a laptop. Adjust the frame rate to the test according to the stretching strain.Plan to collect at least 200 frames of data per test. Set the capture resolution to 1, 280 by 1, 024. Now focus the camera on the gauge section with the lens parallel to the top surface of the specimen.For high strain tests point an additional 300 watt spotlight directly into the test chamber. To start the resistance heating uniaxial tensile test machine, click the triangular run button in the control software. Then start the camera using a trigger button so it records the deformation history.The specimen is now heat treated and stretched at the selected constant temperature and strain rate. Perform the tests at different strain paths consisting of uniaxial, plain strain, and biaxial states by adjusting the configuration of the biaxial testing apparatus. For uniaxial tests, disconnect the two opposed connecting rods and clamp a dog bone specimen to the apparatus.Then connect the welding cables and repeat the other preparatory steps. For plain strain state tests, fix two opposed carriages to the base plate with screw bolts. This restricts the deformation on the corresponding direction.Then proceed to collect data. Formability tests using the novel plain biaxial tensile testing system were conducted at the designated deformation temperatures and strain rates after the heating and cooling processes. A forming limit curve identifies the boundary between uniform deformation and the onset of plastic instability or diffuse necking which leads to failure.As the strain rate increased, the forming limit of the alloy increased. A monotonic increase in the forming limit from 370 to 510 degrees Celsius indicates that high formability of the alloy can be obtained at a higher temperature under hot stamping conditions. The three forming limit curves are quite close to each other.Thus, the sensitivity of the temperature dependence is larger for tension tension biaxial strain paths than for tension compression strain paths. After watching this video you should have a good understanding of how to set up an experiment and conduct the formability test at various temperatures and strain rates by using the proposed system. Following this procedure, forming limits of alloy sheet metals like magnesium alloy or boron steel, can also be melded in the hot stamping conditions.

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Spark Plasma Sintering Apparatus Used for the Formation of Strontium Titanate Bicrystals

Stronsiyum Titanate Bicrystals Oluşumunda Kullanılan Plazma Sinterleme Aparatı Spark

A spark plasma sintering apparatus was used as a novel method for diffusion bonding of two single crystals of strontium titanate to form bicrystals with ...

In Situ Visualization of the Phase Behavior of Oil Samples Under Refinery Process Conditions

In Situ Visualization of the Phase Behavior of Oil Samples Under Refinery Process Conditions

Rafineri Süreci Koşullarında Petrol Örneklerinin Faz Davranışının Yerinde Görselleştirme

To help address production issues in refineries caused by the fouling of process units and lines, we have developed a setup as well as a method to ...

Subsurface Defect Localization by Structured Heating Using Laser Projected Photothermal Thermography

Lazerle Projeksiyonlu Fototermal Termografi Kullanılarak Yapısal Isıtma Yöntemiyle Alt Yüzey Kusurlu Lokalizasyonu

The presented method is used to locate subsurface defects oriented perpendicularly to the surface. To achieve this, we create destructively interfering ...

A Novel Method for In Situ Electromechanical Characterization of Nanoscale Specimens

A Novel Method for In Situ Electromechanical Characterization of Nanoscale Specimens

Için yeni bir yöntem<em&gt; Yerinde</emNanoscale Örneklerinin Elektromekanik Karakterizasyonu

Electrically assisted deformation (EAD) is increasingly being used to improve the formability of metals during processes such as sheet metal rolling and ...