Name: extraction of organochlorine pesticides from plastic pellets and plastic type analysis
Uploaded: 2017-07-01T13:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Extraction of Organochlorine Pesticides from Plastic Pellets and Plastic Type Analysis at JoVE.com

Dette arbejde blev finansieret af IPA Adriaterhavets grænseoverskridende samarbejdsprogram 2007-2013 inden for DeFishGear-projektet (1 ° str / 00010).

1. Plastpilleprøveudtagning <ol><li> Før du går til marken, skylles alle nødvendige prøveudtagningsmaterialer ( fx pincett og aluminiumsfolie) med acetone eller ethanol (99%). Hvis materialet ikke kan løsnes med opløsningsmiddel, skal det opvarmes ved 450 ° C natten over i en ovn ( fx glasvarer). BEMÆRK: I turistområder, få oplysninger om mulige strandrensningsaktiviteter, der fjerner det meste af det marine kuld, herunder mikroplastik. Planlæg prøveudtagningen forud for de...

<ol>
	<li>Plastic Europe. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=.">.</a> Plastics - the Facts 2015. An analysis of European plastics production, demand and waste data. , (2017).</li><li>Wang, J., Tan, Z., Peng, J., Qiu, Q., Li, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+behaviors+of+microplastics+in+the+marine+environment.">The behaviors of microplastics in the marine environment.</a> Mar Environ Res. 113, 7-17 (2016).</li><li>UNEP. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=.">.</a> Marine plastic debris and microplastics - Global lessons and research to inspire action and guide policy change. , (2016).</li><li>Ogata, Y., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=International+Pellet+Watch:+Global+monitoring+of+persistent+organic+pollutants+(POPs)+in+coastal+waters.+1.+Initial+phase+data+on+PCBs,+DDTs,+and+HCHs.">International Pellet Watch: Global monitoring of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in coastal waters. 1. Initial phase data on PCBs, DDTs, and HCHs.</a> Mar Pollut Bull. 58 (10), 1437-1446 (2009).</li><li>Andrady, A. L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Microplastics+in+the+marine+environment.">Microplastics in the marine environment.</a> Mar Pollut Bull. 62 (8), 1596-1605 (2011).</li><li>Antunes, J. C., Frias, J. G. L., Micaelo, A. C., Sobral, P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Resin+pellets+from+beaches+of+the+Portuguese+coast+and+adsorbed+persistent+organic+pollutants.">Resin pellets from beaches of the Portuguese coast and adsorbed persistent organic pollutants.</a> Estuarine Coastal Shelf Sci. 130, 62-69 (2013).</li><li>Cole, M., Lindeque, P., Halsband, C., Galloway, T. S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Microplastics+as+contaminants+in+the+marine+environment:+A+review.">Microplastics as contaminants in the marine environment: A review.</a> Mar Pollut Bull. 62 (12), 2588-2597 (2011).</li><li>Takada, H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Call+for+pellets!+International+Pellet+Watch+Global+Monitoring+of+POPs+using+beached+plastic+resin+pellets.">Call for pellets! International Pellet Watch Global Monitoring of POPs using beached plastic resin pellets.</a> Mar Pollut Bull. 52 (12), 1547-1548 (2006).</li><li>Teuten, E. L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Transport+and+release+of+chemicals+from+plastics+to+the+environment+and+to+wildlife.">Transport and release of chemicals from plastics to the environment and to wildlife.</a> Phil Trans R Soc B. 364, 2027-2045 (2009).</li><li>Heskett, M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Measurement+of+persistent+organic+pollutants+(POPs)+in+plastic+resin+pellets+from+remote+islands:+Toward+establishment+of+background+concentrations+for+International+Pellet+Watch.">Measurement of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in plastic resin pellets from remote islands: Toward establishment of background concentrations for International Pellet Watch.</a> Mar Pollut Bull. 64 (2), 445-448 (2012).</li><li>Besseling, E., Wegner, A., Foekema, E., Van Den Heuvel-Greve, M., Koelmans, A. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Effects+of+microplastic+on+fitness+and+PCB+bioaccumulation+by+the+lugworm+Arenicola+marina+(L.).">Effects of microplastic on fitness and PCB bioaccumulation by the lugworm Arenicola marina (L.).</a> Environ Sci Technol. 47 (1), 593-600 (2013).</li><li>Rochman, C. M., Hoh, E., Kurobe, T. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+SJ+Ingested+plastic+transfers+hazardous+chemicals+to+fish+and+induces+hepatic+stress.">The SJ Ingested plastic transfers hazardous chemicals to fish and induces hepatic stress.</a> Sci Rep. 3, 3263 (2013).</li><li>Endo, S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Concentration+of+polychlorinated+biphenyls+(PCBs)+in+beached+resin+pellets:+Variability+among+individual+particles+and+regional+differences.">Concentration of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in beached resin pellets: Variability among individual particles and regional differences.</a> Mar Pollut Bull. 50 (10), 1103-1114 (2005).</li><li>Frias, J. P. G. L., Sobral, P., Ferreira, A. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Organic+pollutants+in+microplastics+from+two+beaches+of+the+Portuguese+coast.">Organic pollutants in microplastics from two beaches of the Portuguese coast.</a> Mar Pollut Bull. 60 (11), 1988-1992 (2010).</li><li>Karapanagioti, H. K., Endo, S., Ogata, Y., Takada, H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Diffuse+pollution+by+persistent+organic+pollutants+as+measured+in+plastic+pellets+sampled+from+various+beaches+in+Greece.">Diffuse pollution by persistent organic pollutants as measured in plastic pellets sampled from various beaches in Greece.</a> Mar Pollut Bull. 62 (2), 312-317 (2011).</li><li>Mizukawa, K., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Monitoring+of+a+wide+range+of+organic+micropollutants+on+the+Portuguese+coast+using+plastic+resin+pellets.">Monitoring of a wide range of organic micropollutants on the Portuguese coast using plastic resin pellets.</a> Mar Pollut Bull. 70 (1-2), 296-302 (2013).</li><li>Gauquie, J., Devriese, L., Robbens, J., De Witte, B. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+qualitative+screening+and+quantitative+measurement+of+organic+contaminants+on+different+types+of+marine+plastic+debris.">A qualitative screening and quantitative measurement of organic contaminants on different types of marine plastic debris.</a> Chemosphere. 138, 348-356 (2015).</li><li>Yeo, B. G., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=POPs+monitoring+in+Australia+and+New-Zealand+using+plastic+resin+pellets,+and+International+Pellet+Watch+as+a+tool+for+education+and+raising+public+awareness+on+plastic+debris+and+POPs.">POPs monitoring in Australia and New-Zealand using plastic resin pellets, and International Pellet Watch as a tool for education and raising public awareness on plastic debris and POPs.</a> Mar Pollut Bull. 101 (1), 137-145 (2015).</li><li>Kova&#269; Vir&#353;ek, M., Palatinus, A., Koren, &. #. 3. 5. 2. ;., Peterlin, M., Horvat, P., Kr&#382;an, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Protocol+for+microplastics+sampling+on+the+sea+surface+and+sample+analysis.">Protocol for microplastics sampling on the sea surface and sample analysis.</a> J Vis Exp. (118), e55161 (2016).</li><li>L&#246;der, M. G. J., Kuczera, M., Mintenig, S., Lorenz, C., Gerdts, G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Focal+plane+array+detector-+based+micro-Fourier-transform+infrared+imaging+for+the+analysis+of+microplastics+in+environmental+samples.">Focal plane array detector- based micro-Fourier-transform infrared imaging for the analysis of microplastics in environmental samples.</a> Environ Chem. 12 (5), 563-581 (2015).</li><li>. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=.">.</a> Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) as amended in 2009 . , (2017).</li><li>EPA - Environmental protection Agency. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=.">.</a> Method 3620C: Florisil Cleanup, part of Test Methods for Evaluating Solid Waste, Physical/Chemical Methods (2014). , (2017).</li><li>Hirai, H., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Organic+micropollutants+in+marine+plastics+debris+from+the+open+ocean+and+remote+and+urban+beaches.">Organic micropollutants in marine plastics debris from the open ocean and remote and urban beaches.</a> Mar Pollut Bull. 62 (8), 1683-1692 (2011).</li></ol>

<html> De fleste undersøgelser med fokus på organiske forureninger forbundet med plastpellets har lagt vægt på klassiske ekstraktionsmetoder for de adsorberede kemikalier. Soxhlet-apparatet er den mest anvendte teknik med typiske ekstraktionstider fra 12 til 24 timer og med højt forbrug af organiske opløsningsmidler ( dvs. fra 100 til 250 ml pr. Ekstraktion) 23 . Maceration ekstraktioner kræver en lang kontakt tid mellem prøven og det organiske opløsningsmiddel ( f.eks. ...

Den globale produktion af plast stiger konstant siden 1950&#39;erne for at nå 311 millioner tons i 2014 med omkring 40% anvendt i emballage 1 . Parallelt øges mængden af ​​disse materialer i miljøet, hvilket kan udgøre en alvorlig trussel mod økosystemerne 2 . Selv om der allerede er rapporteret i 1970&#39;erne, har forekomsten af ​​plastaffald i havmiljøet kun fået større opmærksomhed i det seneste årti. Specielt mikroplastik, plastfragmenter med en diameter på ≤ 5 mm, er nu anerkendt som et af de væsentligste problemstillinger for havvandskvalitet 3 . Plastharpikspiller er små granulat generelt i form af en cylinder eller en disk og med en diameter på nogle få mm ( f.eks. 2 til 5 mm) 4 , 5 . De falder i kategorien mikroplastik. Disse plast granulat erIndustrielt råmateriale, hvorfra færdige plastprodukter fremstilles ved gensmeltning og støbning ved høj temperatur 6 . De kan utilsigtet frigives til miljøet under fremstilling og transport. For eksempel kan de direkte introduceres til havet gennem utilsigtet udslip under forsendelse 4 , 7 , 8 . De kan transporteres fra land til hav ved overfladeafstrømning, vandløb og floder. På grund af deres miljømæssige persistens er plastpellets udbredt i oceanerne og findes på strande over hele verden 4 . De kan påvirke marine organismer negativt og kan komme ind i fødekæden, hvor deres virkninger er uforudsigelige 6 , 7 . Desuden har flere undersøgelser afsløret forekomsten af ​​miljømæssige forureninger adsorberet på plastpellets opsamlet i en coastaL miljø, som fungerer som vektor af disse potentielt giftige kemikalier 4 , 9 , 10 . Faktisk er der laboratoriebevis, der tyder på, at disse kemikalier kan bioakkumulere i væv af organismer efter frigivelse fra indtaget plastfragmenter 11 , 12 . For bedre at kunne vurdere farerne forbundet med forekomsten af ​​plastpellets i havmiljøet er det nødvendigt at udvikle metoder, som kan bestemme sorberede organiske forureninger. Et vigtigt skridt er udvindingen af ​​kemikalierne fra plastmatricerne, som kan fremvise heterogene fysisk-kemiske egenskaber afhængigt af polymertypen, dets nedbrydningstrin og præbehandlingerne. De fleste af undersøgelserne rapporteret i litteraturen bruger maceration eller Soxhlet teknikker 4 ,5 , 6 , 9 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , som er opløsningsmiddel og / eller tidskrævende. Med hensyn til den voksende interesse for dette spørgsmål bør der udvikles alternativer til en hurtigere vurdering af organiske forureninger adsorberet på plastikstykker. Derudover giver plastisk kemisk analyse information om mikroplastikernes kemiske struktur. Som et resultat kan de overvejende typer af polymerer og copolymerer til stede i miljøet evalueres. Selvom plastfragmenter normalt er lavet af polyethylen (PE) og polypropylen (PP) 5 , kan nogle prøveudtagningssteder fremvise en særlig profil, hvor andre kategorier er signifikant repræsenteret ( fx ethylen / vinylacetatcopolymerOg polystyren (PS)). FT-IR spektroskopi er en pålidelig og brugervenlig teknik til polymeridentifikation, der almindeligvis anvendes til at identificere mikroplastik 19 , 20 . Hovedformålet med det nuværende arbejde er at tilbyde en hurtig og enkel mulighed for at udvinde OCP og beslægtede forbindelser fra plastpellets ved hjælp af en PFE. Protokollets udformning indbefatter imidlertid alle trin, der fører til bestemmelsen af ​​sorberede OCP&#39;er, fra prøveudtagningen af ​​harpikspellets til analysen af ​​forbindelserne. Fremgangsmåden til identifikation af plastypen er også beskrevet. Den udviklede metode fokuserer på 11 OCP&#39;er og beslægtede forbindelser: i) DDT (2,4&#39;- og 4,4&#39;-dichlorodiphenyltrichlorethan) og dets to hovedmetabolitter DDE (2,4&#39;- og 4,4&#39;-dichlorodiphenyldichlorethylen) og DDD (2,4&#39;- og 4,4&#39;-dichlorodiphenyldichlorethan); Ii) isomer gamma-hexachlorcyclohexan (y-HCH) som hovedbestanddel oF pesticid lindan og de to isomerer a-HCH og p-HCH frigivet under dets produktion 15 ; Iii) og de to biologisk aktive isomerer endosulfan I (Endo I) og II (Endo II) til stede i det tekniske endosulfan. De undersøgte pesticider er bredspektrede insekticider, kemisk stabile, hydrofobe og klassificeret som vedvarende organiske forurenende stoffer (POP&#39;er) ved Stockholmskonventionen 21 .

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="1097">
	<tbody>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:345px;">Alpha&#8211;HCH</td>
			<td style="width:300px;">Dr. Ehrenstorfer, Augsburg, Germany</td>
			<td style="width:136px;">DRE-C14071000</td>
			<td style="width:316px;">H301, H351, H400, H410, H312</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Beta&#8211;HCH</td>
			<td>Fluka, Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, USA</td>
			<td style="width:136px;">33376-100MG</td>
			<td>H301, H312, H351, H410</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:345px;">Lindane</td>
			<td>Fluka, Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, USA</td>
			<td style="width:136px;">45548-250MG</td>
			<td>H301, H312, H332, H362, H410</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Endosufan I</td>
			<td>Supleco, Sigma-Aldrich Bellefonte, PA, USA</td>
			<td style="width:136px;">48576-25MG</td>
			<td>H301, H410</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Endosulfan II</td>
			<td>Supleco, Sigma-Aldrich, Bellefonte, PA, USA</td>
			<td style="width:136px;">48578-25MG</td>
			<td>H301, H410</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">2,4&#39;&#8211;DDD</td>
			<td>Fluka, Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, USA</td>
			<td style="width:136px;">35485-250MG</td>
			<td>H351</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">4,4&#8217;&#8211;DDD</td>
			<td>Dr. Ehrenstorfer, Augsburg, Germany</td>
			<td style="width:136px;">DRE-C12031000</td>
			<td>H301, H351, H400, H410, H312</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">2,4&#8217;&#8211;DDE</td>
			<td>Dr. Ehrenstorfer, Augsburg, Germany</td>
			<td style="width:136px;">DRE-C12040000</td>
			<td>H351, H400, H410, H302</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">4,4&#8217;-DDE</td>
			<td>Fluka , Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, USA</td>
			<td style="width:136px;">35487-250MG</td>
			<td>H302, H351, H410</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">2,4&#8217;&#8211;DDT</td>
			<td>Dr. Ehrenstorfer, Augsburg, Germany</td>
			<td style="width:136px;">DRE-C12081000</td>
			<td>H301, H311, H330, H351, H400, H410</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">4,4&#8217;&#8211;DDT</td>
			<td>National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, USA</td>
			<td style="width:136px;">RM8469-4,4&#39;-DDT</td>
			<td>H301, H311, H351, H372, H410</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;">n-Hexane&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:300px;">VWR International GmbH, Graumanngasse, Viena, Austria</td>
			<td style="width:136px;">83992.320</td>
			<td>H225, H315, H336, H373, H304, H411</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;">Acetone for HPLC</td>
			<td style="width:300px;">J.T.Baker, Avantor performance Materials B.V., Teugseweg, Netherlands</td>
			<td style="width:136px;">8142</td>
			<td>H225, H319, H 336</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:345px;">FL-PR Florisil 1000mg/6mL</td>
			<td style="width:300px;">Phenomenex, Torrance, CA, USA</td>
			<td style="width:136px;">8B-S013-JCH</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Fat free quartz sand 0.3-0.9 mm</td>
			<td>Buchi, Flawil, Switzerland</td>
			<td style="width:136px;">37689</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="60">
			<td height="60" style="height:60px;width:345px;">Gas chromatograph Hawlett Packard HP 6890 Series gas chromatograph with GERSTEL MultiPurpose Sampler MPS 2XL with ECD and FID detector</td>
			<td>Agilent technologies, Santa Clara USA</td>
			<td style="width:136px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Presure fluid extractor, Speed Extractor E-916</td>
			<td>Buchi, Flawil, Switzerland</td>
			<td style="width:136px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Solid phase extractor</td>
			<td>Supleco, Sigma-Aldrich Bellefonte, PA, USA</td>
			<td style="width:136px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Concentrator miVac DUO</td>
			<td>Genevac SP Scientific, Suffolk UK</td>
			<td style="width:136px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">GC capillary column Zebron ZB-XLB (30 x 0.25 x 0.25)</td>
			<td>Phenomenex, Torrance, CA, USA</td>
			<td style="width:136px;">122-1232</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:345px;">ATR FT-IR Spectrometer, Spectrum-Two</td>
			<td style="width:300px;">Perkin Elmer</td>
			<td style="width:136px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

extraction of organochlorine pesticides from plastic pellets and plastic type analysis

Plastharpikspellets, kategoriseret som mikroplastik (≤5 mm i diameter), er små granulater, der uheldigvis kan frigives til miljøet under fremstilling og transport. På grund af deres miljømæssige persistens er de bredt fordelt i oceanerne og på strande over hele verden. De kan fungere som en vektor af potentielt toksiske organiske forbindelser ( fx polychlorerede biphenyler) og kan derfor Negativt påvirke marine organismer. Deres mulige indvirkning langs fødekæden er endnu ikke godt forstået. For at vurdere farerne forbundet med forekomst af plastpellets i havmiljøet er det nødvendigt at udvikle metoder, der muliggør hurtig bestemmelse af associerede organiske forureningsniveauer. Den foreliggende protokol beskriver de forskellige trin, der kræves til prøveudtagning af harpikspellets, analyse af adsorberede organochlorpesticider (OCP&#39;er) og identifikation af plasttype. Fokus er påUdvinding af OCP&#39;er fra plastpellets ved hjælp af en trykfluidekstraktor (PFE) og polymerkemisk analyse, der anvender Fourier Transform-InfraRed (FT-IR) spektroskopi. Den udviklede metode fokuserer på 11 OCP&#39;er og beslægtede forbindelser, herunder dichlordiphenyltrichlorethan (DDT) og dets to hovedmetabolitter, lindan og to produktionsisomerer, såvel som de to biologisk aktive isomerer af teknisk endosulfan. Denne protokol udgør et simpelt og hurtigt alternativ til eksisterende metode til vurdering af koncentrationen af ​​organiske forureninger adsorberet på plastikstykker.

Plastpellets findes sædvanligvis langs de høje og lavvande linjer af sandstrande ( figur 1A ). De kan også holde sig til seagrasser nystribet på strande, efter en storm for eksempel. De kan lejlighedsvis findes på småsten og stenede strande i akkumuleringsområder af strandet materiale. Plastpellets er normalt let genkendelige af deres form, størrelse og farve som vist i <strong class="xfig...

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Extraction of Organochlorine Pesticides from Plastic Pellets and Plastic Type Analysis (Video) | JoVE 

Mikroplastik virker som vektor af potentielt toksiske organiske forureninger med uforudsigelige virkninger. Denne protokol beskriver en alternativ metode til vurdering af niveauerne af organiske chlorpesticider adsorberet på plastpellets og identifikation af den polymere kemiske struktur. Fokus er på tryksat væskeudvinding og dæmpet totalreflektans Fourier transform-infrarød spektroskopi.

Ekstraktion af organiske chlorpesticider fra plastpellets og plasttypeanalyse

Plastic resin pellets, categorized as microplastics (&#8804;5 mm in diameter), are small granules that can be unintentionally released to the environment ...

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Environment

Extraction of Organochlorine Pesticides from Plastic Pellets and Plastic Type Analysis

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