Name: structure-function studies in mouse embryonic stem cells using recombinase-mediated cassette exchange
Uploaded: 2017-04-27T15:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Structure-function Studies in Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells Using Recombinase-mediated Cassette Exchange at JoVE.com

Biz onların mükemmel teknik destek için Jinke D&#39;Hont, Frederique Van Rockeghem Natalie farla Kelly Lemeire ve Riet De Rycke teşekkür ederim. Biz de onların uzman yardımı için Enflamasyon Araştırma Merkezi Biyogörüntüleme Çekirdek Tesis Eef Parthoens, Evelien Van Hamme, ve Amanda Goncalves teşekkür ederim. Biz değerli tartışmalar için araştırma grubunun üyelerini kabul eder. Bu çalışma Belçikalı Bilim Politikası tarafından desteklenmiştir (Belspo Üniversitelerarası Atraksiyon Polonyalılar - Ödül IAP VII-07 DevRepair; https://devrepair.be) Kraliçe Elisabeth Tıp Vakfı, Belçika (GSKE 2008-2010 tarafından; http: // www )-gske.be .fmre ve Belçika Ghent Üniversitesi&#39;nden (http://www.ugent.be/en/ghentuniv) ait Uyumlu Araştırma Eylemler (GOA 01G01908) tarafından. SG Flanders Araştırma Fonu (FWO-V) doktora sonrası araştırmacı olduğunu.

fareler üzerinde Tüm deneyler, kurumsal, ulusal ve Avrupa hayvan yönetmeliklere göre gerçekleştirilmiştir. RMCE uyumlu KO mESCs 1. İzolasyonu <ol><li> Böyle ROSALUC fareler 10 veya ROSA26-iPSC fareler 21 olarak RMCE uyumlu farelere, heterozigot KO fareleri Breed. Her iki RMCE uyumlu farelere karışık 129 / C57BL6 / İsviçre arka plan üzerinde muhafaza edilmiştir. NOT: heterozigot KO fareleri geçerek homozigot KO farelerde embriyonik öldür?...

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Bizim Mesc izolasyon yöntemi kullanıcı dostu ve böyle blastosistindeki mikrocerrahi gibi gelişmiş beceri ve gereçlerine gerektirmez. Böylece, bu teknoloji bilim dünyasında büyük bir oranda erişilebilir. Temel hücre kültürü tecrübesi olan herkes ICM çıkıntılar yaymak ve mESCs hatları kurabilir. Ancak, blastosistindeki yıkama ve taşıma biraz pratik gerektirir. Ağız pipet blastosistler aktarmak için kullanılan ve bir mikropipet, bir mikro tutucu, boru ve bir aspiratör ağız parçasının <su...

Memeli genomları yaklaşık 20,000 protein kodlama genleri ihtiva olduğu tahmin edilmektedir. Alternatif yapıştırma ve translasyon sonrası modifikasyonlar, protein repertuarı arttırır. Proteinler, modüler bir yapıya 1 ve genellikle farklı protein kompleksleri halinde kendi işe ve birden fazla hücresel süreçleri 2 katılımlarını izin birden fazla etkileşim bölgeleri içerir. Bir örnek p120ctn adlandırılan, çok fonksiyonlu bir proteindir. p120ctn Ctnnd1 geni tarafından kodlanan ve bir N-terminal ve C-terminal bölgesi tarafından kuşatılır geniş bir merkezi armadillonun tekrar alanı oluşur. p120ctn bir armadillonun alan, hücre-hücre adhezyonu ile ilgili olan klasik kaderinler, yüksek oranda korunan bir jukstamembran alanı bağlanan, ancak aynı zamanda transkripsiyonel represör Kaiso bağlanır. p120ctn N-terminal alanı, farklı kinaz, fosfataz, küçük RhoGTPases ve mikrotübüle bağlı p ile etkileşimeroteinler 3. İlginç bir şekilde, alternatif bağlantısının sonucu olarak, p120ctn izoformları dört alternatif bir başlangıç kodonu 4 elde edilebilir. başlatma kodonu de en çok 5&#39; çevrilmiş ve tam uzunlukta, N-terminal segmenti ihtiva gibi p120ctn izoform 1A, en uzun. p120ctn 3 ve 4, bu N-terminal segmenti, kısmen ve tamamen sırasıyla silinir izoformları. farklı hücresel fonksiyonları protein (ya da protein izoformlarının) ve bunların bölgesinin tam rolünü anlamak bir sorun olmaya devam etmektedir. mESCs gen hedefleme karşılık gelen genin genetik silerek bir proteinin fonksiyonunun çalışma sağlar ve yaygın olarak, gelişimsel olarak önemli ve hastalığa, ilgili genlerin ve yolların belirlenmesi katkıda bulunmuştur. Ters genetik Bu atılım nedeniyle homolog yeniden 5&#39;e Mesc izolasyon ve gen hedefleme alanlarındaki gelişmelerin sonucuydu </s&gt; Yukarı. Homolog rekombinasyon, DNA fragmanları, çift sarmallı (ds) DNA kırılmalarının sonra, iki benzer veya özdeş nükleik yarımları arasında değiş tokuş edildiği bir süreçtir. dsDNA sonları seyrek olduğu için Normalde İK verimsizdir. Son zamanlarda, hedefleme homoloji yönlendirilmiş gen etkinliği site-spesifik nükleazlar 6, 7 kullanılarak arttırılabilir, ancak ne yazık ki bu hedef dışı etkiler 8 yatkındır. Daha güvenilir bir teknik Gen hedefleme sağlamak için Cre / loxP veya FLPe / FRT gibi site-spesifik rekombinasyon sistemleri dayanmaktadır RMCE vardır. LoxP ve Frt dizisi bakteriyofaj P1 bulunurlar ve Saccharomyces cerevisiae ve sırasıyla site yönünü belirleyen bir asimetrik 8 bp sekansı da dahil olmak üzere, 34 bp oluşur. Diğer yandan, oryantasyonu, örneğin, bir DNA bölümü içindeki iki loxP floxed DNA kesilmiş olur belirlemek veya i olacaktırKre-aracılı rekombinasyon 9 üzerine nversed. iki site farklı kromozom üzerinde bulunan Üstelik, eğer Kre da translokasyon neden olabilir. RMCE çapraz reaksiyona girmez ve bir genomik gömülü heterospesifik rekombinasyon yararlanır. Aynı heterospesifik bölgeleri tarafından takviye eden bir DNA fragmanı ihtiva eden bir Verici plazmit varlığında, rekombinaz için çift eş zamanlı translokasyon (Şekil 1) RMCE uyumlu genomik bu DNA fragmanı ekleyecektir. Burada, sadece doğru RMCE hedefli klonlar geri gelen vektör üzerinde bir promotere ilaç direnci sayesinde işleyebilen bir &quot;tuzak&quot; promotör az Neomisin direnç geni yerleştirme hücreleri R26 genomunda bulunan (NeoR) (Şekil 1) 10, 11. Bu &lt;% 100 11 ile çok yakındır çok yüksek hedefleme verimliliği, sonuçlanır/ sup&gt; 12. Sonuç olarak, RMCE bazlı bir hedefleme son derece verimlidir ve yapı-işlev çalışmaları için kullanılabilir; Bununla birlikte, bu, önceden tasarlanmış bir genomik lokus gerektirir. <img alt="Şekil 1" src="/files/ftp_upload/55575/55575fig1.jpg" /> RMCE aracılı Hedefleme Şekil 1 şematik gösterimi. Her iki heterospesifik FRT bölgeleri (beyaz ve kırmızı üçgenlerle gösterilir) liman halinde RMCE eden tanımlı bir genomik lokus gelen bir hedefleme vektörü DNA segmentlerinin alışverişine izin verir. Buna ek olarak, işlenmiş genomik bölgenin bir promotörsüz ve tepe bölümü kesik neomisin direnci (NeoR) genini içerir. Gelen DNA fragmanı kodonu bir promotörü ve başlangıç ​​olarak, yalnızca doğru rekombinasyon olayları, yüksek hedefleme verimi ile, neomisin direncini yeniden. <a href="http://ecsource.jove.com/files/ftp_upload/55575/55575fig1large.jpg" target="_blank">T daha büyük bir versiyonunu görmek için buraya tıklayın</a>Onun rakam. mESCs içinde Genom mühendislik RMCE uyumlu farelerin üretilmesine imkan tanır. 1981 yılında, iki grup blastosist iç hücre kütlesinin (ICM) pluripotent hücreler yakalama ve kültür 13, 14 onları korumuştur. mESCs germ hücresi soyundan dahil embriyonik ve yetişkin hücrelerinin her türlü içine kendini yenileme ve farklılaşma yeteneğine sahiptir. Bu nedenle, mESCs içinde gen hedefleme konstitütif veya (Cre / LoxP sistemi kullanılarak) koşullu KO fareleri geliştirilmesi yoluyla ters genetik çalışmalar sağlar. Ancak, fare ES hücreleri izole etmek için klasik yol çok verimsizdir. Birkaç büyük gelişmeler büyük ölçüde SR ve fetal sığır serumu (FBS) 16 içeren Mesc ortam arasında değişen, 15 orta tanımlanmış serum yerine (SR) kullanımı da dahil olmak üzere, türetme Mesc hatları için başarı oranını artırmıştır ve İlaçlarla kullanımı adresBu tür pluripotin veya 2i 17 mantıksal bileşikler. Pluripotin, küçük sentetik bir molekül, lösemi inhibitör faktörü (LİF) ve fare embriyonik fibroblastlar (MEF&#39;ler) 18 yokluğunda farklılaşmamış bir halde mESCs arasında yayılmasını sağlar. Son olarak, mESCs SR / FBS ortamı değiştirme kuralı, 20, LİF ve 19 pluripotin birleştirildiğinde (% 100&#39;e yakın), çok yüksek bir verimle izole edilebileceği gösterilmiştir. Bu protokoller, daha sonra yapı-işlev çalışmaları için kullanılabilir RMCE uyumlu KO mESCs etkili izolasyonunu sağlar. Bu çalışma, spesifik bir hücre süreçlerinden sorumludur bir protein içinde anahtar alanları ya da kalıntılarını tanımlamak üzere sağlayan bir yöntemi tarif etmektedir. Bu amaçla, verimli Mesc izolasyonunu sağlayan gelişmiş teknolojilerin, hedefleme vektörü montaj ve Mesc hedeflemenin bir boru hattı oluşturmak oldud. Protein izoform alan mutantlar ve devamındaki efektörlere böyle büyük paneller KO mESCs sokulabilir ve in vitro KO fenotipi kurtarmak için kabiliyetleri açısından değerlendirilebilir gibi.

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			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:272px;">ROSALUC Mice</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">made in house</td>
			<td style="width:107px;"></td>
			<td style="width:245px;">frozen sperm available upon request</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:272px;">R26-iPSC mice</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">made in house</td>
			<td style="width:107px;"></td>
			<td style="width:245px;">frozen sperm available upon request</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:272px;">Vessel probe</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">Fine Science Tools</td>
			<td>10160-13</td>
			<td style="width:245px;">to check for copulation plugs</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:272px;">M2 medium</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:107px;">M7167</td>
			<td style="width:245px;">make aliquots and store at -20&#176;C</td>
		</tr>
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			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:272px;">Fine forceps (Dumont #5 Standard tip Student forceps)</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">Fine Science Tools</td>
			<td style="width:107px;">11251-10</td>
			<td style="width:245px;">spray with 70% EtOH before use (do not autoclave)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:272px;">23G needles</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">Fine-ject</td>
			<td style="width:107px;">8697</td>
			<td style="width:245px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:272px;">1-ml syringes</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">Soft-ject</td>
			<td style="width:107px;">6680</td>
			<td style="width:245px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:272px;">60-mm bacterial grade plates (for flushing)&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">Gosselin</td>
			<td style="width:107px;">BB60-01</td>
			<td style="width:245px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:272px;">Mouth pipette</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">made in house</td>
			<td style="width:107px;"></td>
			<td style="width:245px;">see discussion</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:272px;">Mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs, TgN (DR4)1 Jae strain)</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">ATTC</td>
			<td style="width:107px;">SCRC-1045</td>
			<td style="width:245px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:272px;">TgN (DR4)1 Jae mice</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">The Jackson Laboratory</td>
			<td style="width:107px;">3208</td>
			<td style="width:245px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:272px;">Mitomycin C&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:107px;">M0503</td>
			<td style="width:245px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:272px;">Phosphate buffered saline (PBS) without calcium or magnesium</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">Gibco</td>
			<td style="width:107px;">14190-094</td>
			<td style="width:245px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="105">
			<td height="105" style="height:105px;width:272px;">Tg(DR4)1Jae/J mice</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">JAX</td>
			<td style="width:107px;">3208</td>
			<td style="width:245px;">mice that contain four drug-selectable genes and DR4 MEFS confers resistance to neomycin, puromycin, hygromycin and 6-thioguanine</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:272px;">0.1% Gelatin</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:107px;">G1393</td>
			<td style="width:245px;">Dissolve 0.5 g in 500 ml distilled water, autoclave and store at 4&#176;C.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:272px;">Trypsin (0.25%)&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">Gibco</td>
			<td style="width:107px;">25200-056</td>
			<td style="width:245px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:272px;">2 &#956;M pluripotin</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">Cayman Chemical</td>
			<td style="width:107px;">10009557</td>
			<td style="width:245px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="63">
			<td height="63" style="height:63px;width:272px;">pRMCE-DV1</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">BCCM/LMBP collection&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:107px;">LMBP 08870</td>
			<td style="width:245px;">public available from the BCCM/LMBP collection (http://bccm.belspo.be)&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="63">
			<td height="63" style="height:63px;width:272px;">cre-excised pRMCE-DV1</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">BCCM/LMBP collection&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:107px;">LMBP 08195</td>
			<td style="width:245px;">public available from the BCCM/LMBP collection (http://bccm.belspo.be)&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:272px;">pCAG-FlpE-IRES-Puro-pA&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">Addgene</td>
			<td style="width:107px;">20733</td>
			<td style="width:245px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:272px;">heat-shock competent DH5&#945; bacteria&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">made in house</td>
			<td style="width:107px;"></td>
			<td style="width:245px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:272px;">Gateway pDONR221 vector</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">Thermo Fisher</td>
			<td style="width:107px;">12536-017</td>
			<td style="width:245px;">contains kanamycin-resistance gene</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:272px;">BP clonase II mix</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">Thermo Fisher</td>
			<td style="width:107px;">11789-020</td>
			<td style="width:245px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:272px;">LR clonase II mix</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">Thermo Fisher</td>
			<td style="width:107px;">11791-020&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:245px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:272px;">Luria Broth (LB)&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:143px;"></td>
			<td style="width:107px;"></td>
			<td style="width:245px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:272px;">Ampicillin&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:143px;"></td>
			<td style="width:107px;"></td>
			<td style="width:245px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Applied Biosystems 3730XL DNA Analyzer</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">Thermo Fisher</td>
			<td style="width:107px;">3730XL</td>
			<td style="width:245px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:272px;">G418</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">Thermo Fisher</td>
			<td style="width:107px;">11811-023</td>
			<td style="width:245px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:272px;">Lipofectamine 2000 transfection reagent</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">Thermo Fisher</td>
			<td style="width:107px;">11668027</td>
			<td style="width:245px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:272px;">Lipofectamine LTX transfection reagent</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">Thermo Fisher</td>
			<td style="width:107px;">15338100</td>
			<td style="width:245px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:272px;">Effectene transfection reagent</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">Qiagen</td>
			<td style="width:107px;">301425</td>
			<td style="width:245px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:272px;">GATEWAY pENTR 1A vector</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">Thermo Fisher</td>
			<td style="width:107px;">A10462</td>
			<td>recombination-compatible vector</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;">mouse monoclonal anti-p120ctn antibody</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">BD Transduction Laboratories</td>
			<td style="width:107px;">610134</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;">mouse monoclonal anti-Ecadherin antibody</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">BD Transduction Laboratories</td>
			<td style="width:107px;">610181</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;"></td>
			<td style="width:143px;"></td>
			<td style="width:107px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">General equipment:</td>
			<td style="width:143px;"></td>
			<td style="width:107px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:272px;">Sterile dissection tools</td>
			<td style="width:143px;"></td>
			<td style="width:107px;"></td>
			<td style="width:245px;">fine scissors and forceps for dissecting the uterus</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:272px;">Sterile pipettes: 5 ml, 10 ml and 25 ml</td>
			<td style="width:143px;"></td>
			<td style="width:107px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:272px;">15-ml and 50-ml conical centrifuge tubes</td>
			<td style="width:143px;"></td>
			<td style="width:107px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="35">
			<td height="35" style="height:35px;width:272px;">96-well culture plates V-shaped bottom and flat bottom)&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:143px;"></td>
			<td style="width:107px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:272px;">Culture dishes: 24 wells, 12 wells and 6 wells</td>
			<td style="width:143px;"></td>
			<td style="width:107px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:272px;">Multichannel pipettes (to pipette 30, 50, 100 and 200 &#956;l)&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:143px;"></td>
			<td style="width:107px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:272px;">Sterile multichannel reservoirs</td>
			<td style="width:143px;"></td>
			<td style="width:107px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:272px;">Access to a laminar air flow</td>
			<td style="width:143px;"></td>
			<td style="width:107px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="35">
			<td height="35" style="height:35px;width:272px;">Access to an incubator at 37&#176;C with 5% CO2</td>
			<td style="width:143px;"></td>
			<td style="width:107px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:272px;">Access to an inverted microscope</td>
			<td style="width:143px;"></td>
			<td style="width:107px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:272px;">Access to a bench-top centrifuge</td>
			<td style="width:143px;"></td>
			<td style="width:107px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:272px;">Access to a stereo microscope with transmitted-light&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:143px;"></td>
			<td style="width:107px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;"></td>
			<td style="width:143px;"></td>
			<td style="width:107px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Culture media:</td>
			<td style="width:143px;"></td>
			<td style="width:107px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;">MEF Medium:</td>
			<td style="width:143px;"></td>
			<td style="width:107px;"></td>
			<td style="width:245px;">stored at 4&#176;C; warm 30 min at 37&#176;C before use</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:272px;">&#160;Dulbecco&#8217;s modified Eagle&#8217;s medium (DMEM)</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">Gibco</td>
			<td style="width:107px;">41965-062</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:272px;">10% fetal bovine serum (FBS)</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:107px;">F-7524</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:272px;">L-glutamine (2 mM)</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">Gibco</td>
			<td style="width:107px;">25030-024&#160;</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:272px;">Sodium pyruvate&#160; (0.4 mM)</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">Gibco</td>
			<td style="width:107px;">11360-039&#160;</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:272px;">penicillin (100 U/ml)</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">Gibco</td>
			<td style="width:107px;">15140-122&#160;</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:272px;">streptomycin (100 &#181;g/ml)</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">Gibco</td>
			<td style="width:107px;">15140-122&#160;</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;">SR-based mESC medium:</td>
			<td style="width:143px;"></td>
			<td style="width:107px;"></td>
			<td style="width:245px;">stored at 4&#176;C; warm 30 min at 37&#176;C before use</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:272px;">DMEM/F12</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">Gibco</td>
			<td style="width:107px;">31330-038</td>
			<td style="width:245px;">mixed in a 1:1 ratio</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:272px;">15% knock-out serum replacement (SR )</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">Gibco</td>
			<td style="width:107px;">10828&#8211;028</td>
			<td style="width:245px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:272px;">L-glutamine (2 mM)</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">Gibco</td>
			<td style="width:107px;">25030-024&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:245px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:272px;">0.1 mM non-essential amino acids&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">Gibco</td>
			<td style="width:107px;">11140-050</td>
			<td style="width:245px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:272px;">penicillin (100 U/ml)</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">Gibco</td>
			<td style="width:107px;">15140-122&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:245px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:272px;">streptomycin (100 &#181;g/ml)</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">Gibco</td>
			<td style="width:107px;">15140-122&#160;</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:272px;">&#946;-mercaptoethanol (0.1 mM)&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:107px;">M 3148&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:245px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:272px;">2,000 U/ml recombinant mouse LIF&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">(IRC/VIB Protein Service facility)</td>
			<td style="width:107px;"></td>
			<td style="width:245px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;">FBS-based mESC medium (similar to SR-based mESC medium):</td>
			<td style="width:143px;"></td>
			<td style="width:107px;"></td>
			<td style="width:245px;">stored at 4&#176;C; warm 30 min at 37&#176;C before use</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:272px;">Knockout DMEM</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">Gibco</td>
			<td style="width:107px;">10829-018&#160;</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:272px;">15% FBS</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">Hyclone</td>
			<td style="width:107px;">SH30070.03E</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;">Differention Medium</td>
			<td style="width:143px;"></td>
			<td style="width:107px;"></td>
			<td style="width:245px;">stored at 4&#176;C; warm 30 min at 37&#176;C before use</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:272px;">Iscove&#39;s Modified Dulbecco&#39;s Medium (IMDM)</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">Gibco</td>
			<td style="width:107px;">21980-032&#160;</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:272px;">15% FBS</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">Hyclone</td>
			<td style="width:107px;">SH30070.03E</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:272px;">5% CD Hybridoma Medium(1x) liquid&#160;&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">Gibco</td>
			<td style="width:107px;">11279-023&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:245px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:272px;">&#160;2 mM L-glutamine</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">Gibco</td>
			<td style="width:107px;">25030-024&#160;</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:272px;">0.4 mM 1-thioglycerol</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:107px;">M-6145</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:272px;">50 &#956;g/ml ascorbic acid</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:107px;">A-4544&#160;</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:272px;">penicillin (100 U/ml)</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">Gibco</td>
			<td style="width:107px;">15140-122&#160;</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:272px;">streptomycin (100 &#181;g/ml)</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">Gibco</td>
			<td style="width:107px;">15140-122&#160;</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">2i</td>
			<td style="width:143px;"></td>
			<td style="width:107px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:272px;">1 &#956;M Erk inhibitor PD0325901&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">Axon Medchem</td>
			<td style="width:107px;">Axon 1408</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:272px;">3 &#956;M Gsk3 inhibitor CHIR99021</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">Axon Medchem</td>
			<td style="width:107px;">Axon 1386</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

structure-function studies in mouse embryonic stem cells using recombinase-mediated cassette exchange

fare embriyosu veya embriyonik kök hücrelerin (mESCs) gen mühendisliği bir proteinin fonksiyonunun çalışması için izin verir. Proteinler hücrenin workhorses ve genellikle translasyon sonrası modifikasyonlar ile etkilenebilir, birçok fonksiyonel bölgeye oluşmaktadır. koşullu veya kurucu knock-out (KO) farelerde tüm proteinin azalması dikkate bu işlevsel çeşitliliği ve düzenleme almaz. Bir Mesc hattı ve FLPe rekombinasyon aracılı kaset değişimi (RMCE) için bir yanaşma Alanı ROSA26 (R26) bölgesi içinde yer alan içine yerleştirildiği bir türetilen fare modeli, daha önce bildirilmiştir. Burada, çok alanlı bir proteinin farklı işlevleri moleküler diseksiyon için izin veren bir yapı-fonksiyon yaklaşımı hakkında rapor. Bu amaçla, RMCE uyumlu farelere KO fareleri çapraz olması ve daha sonra RMCE uyumlu KO mESCs izole edilmelidir. Daha sonra, farazi kurtarma yapılarının bir paneli RMCE targeti ile R26 lokusu içine sokulabilirng. Aday kurtarma cDNA&#39;lar kolayca rekombinasyon klonlama kullanarak hedefleme vektörünün RMCE siteler arasında eklenebilir. Daha sonra, KO mESCs bir FLPe yeniden bağlayıcı ifade plazmidi ile kombinasyon halinde Hedefleme vektörü ile transfekte edilmiştir. RMCE ROSA26 yerleştirme siteleri promotör-az neomisin direnç genini yeniden etkinleştirir ve doğru hedefleme olayı seçilmesine izin verir. Bu şekilde,% 100&#39;e yakın yüksek hedefleme verimleri yarı yüksek verimli bir şekilde çok sayıda farazi kurtarma yapıları sokulması için izin elde edilir. Son olarak, R26 odaklı kurtarma yapılarının çok sayıda ebeveyn KO mESCs gözlendi fenotipi kurtarmak etme kabiliyetleri açısından test edilebilir. Bu p120 katenin (p120ctn), fenotipik okuma olarak embriyoit organları (EBS) endoderm farklılaşmasını kullanılarak KO mESCs bir kanıt-temel yapı-fonksiyon çalışma sunulmaktadır. Bu yaklaşım önemli etki alanlarının belirlenmesini, varsayılan alt yolları ve hastalıkla ilişki noktasını sağlayanBelirli bir protein için KO fenotipleri altında yatan mutasyonlar.

RMCE uyumlu KO Mesc hatları izole etmek için işlem, Şekil 2&#39;de tasvir edilmiştir. İki ardışık breedings RMCE uyumlu KO blastokistlerle almaları gerekmektedir. İlk olarak, heterozigot KO fareleri RMCE uyumlu, heterozigot KO fareleri elde etmek RMCE uyumlu fare ile kesilmişlerdir. Bu fareler, daha sonra RMCE uyumlu 3,5-DPC, homozigot KO blastosistlerin elde etmek üzere başka heterozigot KO fareleri zamanlı eşleştirmesi için kullanılır. Mendel kalıt...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Structure-function Studies in Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells Using Recombinase-mediated Cassette Exchange at JoVE.com

Structure-function Studies in Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells Using Recombinase-mediated Cassette Exchange

Proteinler genellikle farklı hücresel fonksiyonları sarf edebilirsiniz birden çok etki içerirler. Gen irtibat kutusu kapağı (KO) bu işlevsel çeşitliliği dikkate almaz. Burada, çeşitli işlevsel etki alanları veya bir proteinin varyantlarının moleküler diseksiyon sağlar KO embriyonik kök hücrelerin bir rekombinasyon aracılı kaset değişimi (RMCE) tabanlı bir yapı-işlev yaklaşım sunulmuştur.

Recombinase aracılı Kaset Değişimi Kullanarak Fare Embriyonik Kök Hücre yapı-fonksiyon Çalışmaları

Gene engineering in mouse embryos or embryonic stem cells (mESCs) allows for the study of the function of a given protein. Proteins are the workhorses of ...

The overall goal of this structure-function method is to dissect at the molecular level the role of different protein domains, or disease-relevance mutations, in naive or differentiated mouse embryonic stem cells. This method can help to reveal how different residues or domains of a protein can contribute to its function in a given cellular context. The main advantage of this technique is that it allows very efficient targeting of rescue constructs to the genome of knock out embryonic stem cells, or ES cells, and the investigation of their role in different cell types.To achieve this, we combine three highly efficient technologies. These include improved mouse embryonic stem cell isolation, recombination-based targeting factor assembly, and ES cell targeting via recombination-mediated cassette exchange, or RMC. Demonstrating some of the procedures will be Jinke D'Hont, a technician from my laboratory.Recombination-mediated cassette exchange, or RMCE, allows the interchange of DNA fragments between a vector and a genomic locus. RMCE takes advantage of hetero-specific recombination sites that do not cross-react and that are embedded in a genomic locus. In the presence of a donor plasmid that contains a DNA fragment flanked by the same hetero-specific sites, the recombinase will insert this DNA fragment into the RMCE-compatible genomic locus because of double simultaneous translocation.Only upon correct recombination, the trapped promoterless Neomycin-resistance gene in the Rosa 26 docking site, will be restored via a PGK promoter in the incoming targeting vector, which renders drug-resistance. This Neomycin resistance trap system results in a very high targeting efficiency, often close to 100%The day before blastocyst isolation, add 0.1%gelatin, to 12 well-cultured plates. And incubate them at 37 degrees Celsius for five minutes.Aspirate the gelatin solution. Then seed one quarter of a vial of P2 Mouse Embryonic Fibroblasts, or MEFs, into MEF medium, and divide over the 12-well plate. Incubate the 12-well plates of MEFs in two milliliters of MEF medium at 37 degrees Celsius.And grow the cells to a confluent monolayer. Then add 10 micrograms per milliliter of Mitomycin seed to the wells. And incubate the cultures for three hours at 37 degrees Celsius, to inactivate the cells.After selecting heterozygous knock out mice containing an RMCE cassette in the Rosa 26 locus according to the text protocol, set up matings to breed RMCE-compatible heterozygous knock out mice, with heterozygous knock out mice. The following morning, check for copulation plugs by lifting the female by the base of the tale, and examine the vaginal opening for a whitish mass. If the plug is difficult to see, with an angled probe, slightly spread the lips of the vulva, then separate the plugged females from their males.To collect blastocysts at 3.5 days post-coitus, or DPC. After euthanizing the pregnant females, make a mid-ventral incision, and use fine scissors and forceps to dissect the uterus and oviduct. Next, bend a 26-gauge needle into a 45-degree angle attached to a 1 milliliter syringe filled with M2 medium.And insert the needle into the end of the uterus that is closest to the oviduct. Use fine forceps to hold the needle in place while pushing the plunger to flush the blastocysts from the uterus into the lid of a 10 centimeter dish. The uterus will swell, if the flushing is successful.Use a mouth pipette to collect all the embryos in a drop of M2 medium, and wash the embryos twice in a drop of M2 medium. Immediately after washing the embryos, use PBS, to wash the mitomycin-C inactivated cells twice. Then using a mouth pipette, plate each blastocyst onto a separate well of the mitomycin-C treated MEFs, in SRES cell medium, supplemented with pluripotent or 2I.Incubate the cultures at 37 degrees Celsius, and 5%carbon dioxide. Refresh the SREF cell medium every two to three days. Examine each blastocyst under a stereo microscope at 4X magnification, and check for hatching and detachment to the MEF layer.After 10 to 12 days of culture, under a stereo microscope, use a P10 pipette with disposable tips, to pick individual icium outgrowths. Transfer each outgrowth into approximately 10 microliters of medium to a V-shaped 96-well plate, containing 30 microliters per well of PBS. Using a multi-channel pipette, add 50 microliters of 0.25%trypsin to each well.And incubate the plate at 37 degrees Celsius and 5%carbon dioxide for three minutes. Add 100 microliters of pre-incubated FPS-containing ES cell medium, and dissociate the icium outgrowths into single cells by pipetting 10 to 15 times. Then transfer the dissociated cells to mitomycin-C treated 96 well MEF plates.The following day, change the SR-based medium. Expand the ES cells in a similar fashion from 24 to 6-well plates. After identifying rescued CDNA vectors according to the text protocol, prepare a 10 microliter LR reaction using 100 nanograms of rescue CDNA vector, 150 nanograms of pre-excised RMCEDV1 vector, and two microliters of recombinase mix, containing a phage-encoded integrase, an excisionase, and a bacterial integration host factor.Incubate the reaction at 25 degrees Celsius for two hours. To transform the recombined vectors, add 5 microliters of each mixture, to 40 microliters of heat shock competent E.Coli bacteria, in a 2 milliliter skirted screw cap tube. And incubate the sample on ice for 20 minutes.Then incubate the cells at 37 degrees Celsius for five minutes. Add one milliliter of LB medium to the tube, and incubate the cells at 37 degrees Celsius for one hour. Plate 50 microliters on agar plates with ampicillin.And grow at 37 degrees Celsius overnight. Identify colonies with the correct targeting vector by using a P200 tip to randomly pick five colonies. Transfer the tip to a glass test tube containing two to five milliliters of LB medium, and grow overnight at 37 degrees Celsius.After extracting the DNA from each colony, validate the samples by digesting 0.5 to two micrograms of DNA, and separate the samples on a 1%agarose gel. Start a culture of RMCE compatible knock out ES cells, and passage them at least twice on MEFs, in FBS-based ES cell medium. Then split the ES cells on a gelatinized six-well plate.The following day, use 1.5 milliliters of FBS-based ES cell medium to refresh the ES cells that are about 50%confluent. Combine one microgram of pre-excised RMCEDV1 targeting vector, containing rescue CDNA, and one microgram of FLIPe expression plasmid, in 250 microliters of pure DMEM medium. Add seven microliters of lipofectin-based transvection reagent to 250 microliters of pure DMEM medium.And incubate the solution for five minutes at room temperature. Combine the DNA and lipofectin solutions. And incubate the mixture at room temperature for 20 minutes.Then pipette the transvection mixture onto the refreshed ES cells, and gently swirl. One day after transvection, split all ES cells from the tube to a 10-centimeter culture dish, with a confluent layer of DR4 MEFS, and 10 milliliters of FPS-based ES cell medium. Two days after transvection, select ES cell clones with the correct FLIP-e mediated cassette exchange, by adding G418 to the medium.As shown here, massive killing of non-targeted colonies should be visible after three to five days. Colonies should appear after seven to 10 days. Pick these colonies, then expand them, and verify the clones as demonstrated earlier in this video.To differentiate ES cells into embryoid bodies, or EBs, after culturing knock out ES cells with Rosa 26-driven rescue constructs according to the text protocol, allow EBs to form in the non-adherent dishes for 30 days. Refresh the medium every two to three days by transferring the EB suspension to a 50 milliliter tube. And let the EBs settle by gravity.Remove the supernatant, add fresh medium, and transfer the EB suspension to a bacterial-grade dish. Analyze the ES cells and EBs by immunofluorescence and TEM, according to the text protocol. Using the structure function method, five pre-excised RMCEDV1 targeting vectors were generated with an efficiency of 100%and these rescue constructs were targeted via RMCE, to P120 catenin knock out ES cells, with an efficiency of 97%Cystic EB morphology can be used as a phenotypic readout to screen different rescue constructs.As proof of concept, R26-driven P120 catenin isoform 1A rescued the p120 catenin knock out phenotype. To test whether E-cadherin independent membrane anchoring of P120 catenin enabled csytic EB formation, the k-ras membrane targeting motif, CAAX, was fused to the carboxy terminus of P120 catenin, and introduced via RMCE, to P120 catenin knock out ES cells, before EBs were made from them. However, this construct serves a dominant negative that does not allow binding and stabilization of E-cadherin.And as a consequence, does not rescue the p120 catenin knock out phenotype. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition, or EMT, is an essential developmental process that also occurs during ES cell differentiation. When expressed in p120 catenin knock out ES cells, the EMT inducers, ZEB1, ZEB2, or snail that can directly repress various epithelial marker genes like E-cadherin, failed to restore cystic EB formation.Once mastered, RMCE compatible ES cells can be isolated within one month. RMCE compatible targeting vectors can be generated within one week, and targeted rescue of ES cells can be achieved within one month using this technique, if it is performed properly. After watching this video, you should have a good understanding of how to use RMCE to perform structure function studies in naive or differentiated embryonic stem cells.

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