Name: establishment of a clinic-based biorepository
Uploaded: 2017-05-29T14:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Establishment of a Clinic-based Biorepository at JoVE.com

Ce travail a été soutenu par des fonds du Collège de l&#39;Université du Midwestern, Subvention de facilitation de la recherche en sciences de la santé, décerné à EEH, et Midwestern University, Bureau de la recherche et programmes sponsorisés Intramural Grant, décerné à KJL. Un soutien supplémentaire a été fourni par les Laboratoires Affiliés et la Dermatologie Affiliée. Nous remercions Sarah Potekhen, Jamie Barto, Stefani Fawks, Cody Jording, Stacie Schimke, Heather Kissel et Ali Zaidi pour leur assistance technique.

Toutes les expérimentations sur des échantillons de tissus humains ont été approuvées par l&#39;IRB de l&#39;Ouest (protocole WIRB n ° 20142461). Le critère unique pour la collecte des tissus pour ces procédures est un diagnostic éprouvé par biopsie de SCC. Aucun critère d&#39;exclusion n&#39;a été décrit dans le protocole IRB original, mais les échantillons de patients atteints d&#39;une maladie transmissible transmissible par le sang connue n&#39;ont pas été utilisés. Le consentement éclairé a ét?...

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T. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Management+of+high-risk+squamous+cell+carcinoma+of+the+skin.">Management of high-risk squamous cell carcinoma of the skin.</a> Curr Treat Options Oncol. 17, (2016).</li><li>Rasmussen, C., Thomas-Virnig, C., Allen-Hoffmann, B. L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Classical+human+epidermal+keratinocyte+cell+culture.">Classical human epidermal keratinocyte cell culture.</a> Methods Mol Biol. 945, 161-175 (2013).</li><li>Purdie, K. J., Pourreyron, C., South, A. P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Cancer+cell+culture:+Methods+and+protocols.">Cancer cell culture: Methods and protocols.</a> , 151-159 (2011).</li><li>Berglund, S. R., Schwietert, C. W., Jones, A. A., Stern, R. L., Lehman, J., Goldberg, Z. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Optimized+methodology+for+sequential+extraction+of+RNA+and+protein+from+small+human+skin+biopsies.">Optimized methodology for sequential extraction of RNA and protein from small human skin biopsies.</a> J Invest Dermatol. 127, 349-353 (2007).</li><li>Schroeder, A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+RIN:+an+RNA+integrity+number+for+assigning+integrity+values+to+RNA+measurements.">The RIN: an RNA integrity number for assigning integrity values to RNA measurements.</a> BMC Mol Biol. 7, 1-14 (2006).</li><li>Cooper, H. L., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Expression+and+glycosylation+of+MUC1+in+epidermolysis+bullosa-associated+and+sporadic+cutaneous+squamous+cell+carcinomas.">Expression and glycosylation of MUC1 in epidermolysis bullosa-associated and sporadic cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas.</a> Br J Dermatol. 151, 540-545 (2004).</li><li>Riihila, P. M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Complement+factor+H:+a+biomarker+for+progression+of+cutaneous+squamous+cell+carcinoma.">Complement factor H: a biomarker for progression of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma.</a> J Invest Dermatol. 134, 498-506 (2014).</li><li>Ha Lan, T. T., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Expression+of+the+p40+isoform+of+p63+has+high+specificity+for+cutaneous+sarcomatoid+squamous+cell+carcinoma.">Expression of the p40 isoform of p63 has high specificity for cutaneous sarcomatoid squamous cell carcinoma.</a> J Cutan Pathol. 41, 831-838 (2014).</li><li>Alomari, A. K., Glusac, E. J., McNiff, J. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=p40+is+a+more+specific+marker+than+p63+for+cutaneous+poorly+differentiated+squamous+cell+carcinoma.">p40 is a more specific marker than p63 for cutaneous poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinoma.</a> J Cutan Pathol. 41, 839-845 (2014).</li><li>Qiao, B., Johnson, N. W., Gao, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Epithelial-mesenchymal+transition+in+oral+squamous+cell+carcinoma+triggered+by+transforming+growth+factor-beta1+is+Snail+family-dependent+and+correlates+with+matrix+metalloproteinase-2+and+-9+expressions.">Epithelial-mesenchymal transition in oral squamous cell carcinoma triggered by transforming growth factor-beta1 is Snail family-dependent and correlates with matrix metalloproteinase-2 and -9 expressions.</a> Int J Oncol. 37, 663-668 (2010).</li><li>Vaught, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Developments+in+biospecimen+research.">Developments in biospecimen research.</a> Br Med Bull. 114, 29-38 (2015).</li></ol>

Pour la connaissance de l&#39;auteur, ce protocole est le premier de son genre qui se concentre sur l&#39;achat clinique d&#39;échantillons de tissus cutanés dans une approche rentable et rapide. Les patients subissant une microchirurgie Mohs sont généralement programmés pendant des blocs de temps spécifiques, et la collecte est limitée à ces périodes. La collecte d&#39;échantillons implique l&#39;effort de l&#39;assistant médical impliqué dans les soins aux patients, l&#39;histotechnologue de Mohs qui trait...

La recherche sur le cancer et les biomarqueurs repose sur une offre d&#39;échantillons de tissus humains de qualité, et une offre limitée a entravé la recherche 1 , 2 . De nombreuses études dermatologiques sont limitées par l&#39;offre insuffisante, la qualité variable et les coûts associés à l&#39;utilisation du tissu humain. Le coût de l&#39;établissement d&#39;une importante biobanche dédiée a été estimé à environ deux millions de dollars 3 , et ces coûts mettent l&#39;utilisation des tissus humains hors de la portée de nombreux chercheurs. En outre, le processus de génération et de stockage d&#39;échantillons de recherche pose le risque d&#39;affecter les opérations cliniques et de retarder les soins aux patients, si cela n&#39;est pas soigneusement exécuté. Un biorepository basé sur une clinique rentable a été établi qui se concentre sur les échantillons de cancer de la peau selon les meilleures pratiques recommandées et la validation des échantillons 4 , 5 , 6 . <pClass = &quot;jove_content&quot;&gt; Ce protocole a été développé dans une clinique de dermatologie qui effectue un grand volume de chirurgies micrographiques de Mohs pour éliminer le carcinome épidermoïde (SCC), le cancer de base (BCC) et les cancers de la peau du mélanome. Les bailleurs de fonds volontaires peuvent être recrutés auprès de cette population de patients. Il est important d&#39;établir le biorepository sur le site de collecte pour capturer rapidement les tissus et le sang des patients consentis sans délai de traitement. La collecte d&#39;échantillons de la même clinique minimise les variations dans les techniques de collecte et minimise les variations de la qualité des échantillons, ce qui peut poser problème aux applications en aval 7 , 8 . L&#39;objectif de la technique de la chirurgie micrographique de Mohs est de s&#39;assurer que tout le tissu cancéreux est éliminé tout en préservant autant de tissus sains que possible. La procédure implique l&#39;élimination progressive de couches minces de tissu tumoral. Chaque couche successive est son(Après avoir critisé le tissu tumoral et réalisé une coloration H &amp; E) par un dermatologue pour déterminer si tous les tissus cancéreux ont été enlevés. L&#39;excision et l&#39;examen des couches subséquentes de tissus sont exécutés alors que le patient reste dans le bureau. Cette technique est considérée comme la meilleure option de traitement pour SCC 9 . À ce stade, la plaie est fermée et, pour améliorer la guérison et l&#39;apparence esthétique, le tissu normal adjacent (ANT) est souvent excisé. Ainsi, cette procédure chirurgicale pour éliminer une tumeur est idéale pour la collecte de tissu histologiquement caractérisé pour des études futures. La procédure de passation des marchés pour l&#39;obtention de tissus tumoraux, des tissus normaux adjacents, de la salive et du sang a été conçue pour avoir un impact minimal sur les tâches normales du personnel ( figure 1 ). Les assistants médicaux effectuent les tirages sanguins tout en préparant le patient pour la procédure. Après l&#39;achèvement de la procédure Mohs, le M<html> Oh histotechnologist prépare des diapositives histologiques supplémentaires du spécimen et transfère le tissu au biorepository. Les coûts associés à l&#39;établissement du biorepository comprennent l&#39;achat de congélateurs à cryoconservation, la création d&#39;un espace de laboratoire clinique modeste et le développement d&#39;un programme de suivi des stocks. <img alt="Figure 1" src="/files/ftp_upload/55583/55583fig1.jpg" /> Figure 1: Séquence de la collecte des échantillons et du personnel responsable. Lors de l&#39;enregistrement des patients et de l&#39;obtention du consentement du patient, l&#39;assistant médical collecte un prélèvement buccal et effectue un prélèvement sanguin. Le dermatologue et l&#39;assistant médical excises la tumeur et ferment la plaie, au cours duquel les échantillons SCC et ANT sont collectés, respectivement. Un technicien de laboratoire spécialisé traite le sang et les sections des spécimens SCC et ANT pour la culture tissulaire, la préservation et l&#39;entrée dans le biorepository.Ftp_upload / 55583 / 55583fig1large.jpg &quot;target =&quot; _ blank &quot;&gt; Cliquez ici pour voir une version plus grande de cette figure. La diversité des échantillons collectés permet une variété d&#39;approches expérimentales ( figure 2 ). Les échantillons recueillis auprès du patient sont des écouvillons buccaux (la salive peut également être recueillie si nécessaire), du sang entier et du tissu excisé. Les écouvillons buccaux et un échantillon de sang entier sont sauvegardés, sans traitement, pour le génotypage et l&#39;appariement des tissus. Le sang entier est séparé en globules blancs (WBC) et les fractions de plasma pour des analyses futures. Après le traitement de Mohs, la tumeur congelée est placée directement dans de l&#39;azote liquide et transférée à un congélateur de -80 ° C. Les tissus tumoraux frais et viables et les échantillons ANT sont cultivés en utilisant des modifications des techniques précédentes 10 , 11 puis cryoconservées. Pendant la collecte, le nombre de chaque type d&#39;échantillon est enregistré sur une feuille de calcul avant l&#39;entrée dans<html> Le programme de suivi des stocks pour faciliter un traitement précis ( tableau 1 ). <img alt="Figure 2" src="/files/ftp_upload/55583/55583fig2.jpg" /> Figure 2: Résumé de la collecte et du traitement des échantillons biologiques à base de clinique. Un prélèvement buccal et un échantillon de sang sont recueillis auprès du patient et stockés pour le génotypage en aval et l&#39;appariement des tissus. Le sang entier est ensuite traité pour l&#39;isolement des globules blancs (WBC) et l&#39;analyse CTC, ainsi que pour la collecte plasma et l&#39;analyse de la biopsie liquide. Le tissu excisé pendant la procédure Mohs est traité histologiquement à des fins diagnostiques, après quoi les diapositives histologiques peuvent être utilisées expérimentalement pour d&#39;autres analyses immunohistochimiques. Pourvu que l&#39;échantillon de tissu excisé soit suffisamment grand, une partie de tissu frais est enlevée et sectionnée pour l&#39;isolement de protéines et d&#39;ARN et pour l&#39;établissement de lignées cellulaires cultivées.55583 / 55583fig1large.jpg &quot;target =&quot; _ blank &quot;&gt; Cliquez ici pour voir une version plus grande de cette figure. <table border="1" fo:keep-together.within-page="1" fo:keep-with-next.within-page="always"><tbody><tr><td> Date de collecte: </td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td> Patient 1 </td><td> Patient 2 </td><td> Patient 3 </td><td> Patient 4 </td><td> Patient 5 </td></tr><tr><td> Initiales et date de naissance </td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td> Couleur des yeux </td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td> Échantillon type </td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td> Emplacement de l&#39;échantillon </td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td> Salive </td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td> WTrou sang </td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td> Plasma </td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td> Tumoral viable </td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td> Tissu Normal Viable </td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td> Tumeur Mohs Nitrogen Liquide </td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td> Tissue Normal Nitrogen Liquide </td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td> Diapositives </td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr></tbody></table> Tableau 1: Liste de contrôle pour enregistrer les collections d&#39;échantillons. Les données suivies et enregistrées avec chaque échantillon recueilli comprennent les initiales du patient, la date de naissance et la couleur des yeux (pour la typage de la peau), ainsi que la localisationSur l&#39;enlèvement de l&#39;échantillon. Le nombre d&#39;échantillons de salive, les volumes de collecte de sang et le nombre de spécimens de tissus viables et conservés collectés sont également consignés comme références pour les allocations aux utilisations ultérieures. <a href="http://ecsource.jove.com/files/ftp_upload/55583/Table1.xlsx">Cliquez ici pour télécharger ce fichier.</a> Pour valider les procédures de collecte des échantillons, chaque type d&#39;échantillon a été testé dans les applications en aval. En utilisant des modifications des techniques précédentes 12 , la tumeur et l&#39;ANT ont été utilisés avec succès dans l&#39;isolement des protéines et de l&#39;ARN et peuvent éventuellement être utilisés pour l&#39;isolement de l&#39;ADN. Les explants viables établis à partir des sections de tissu ont été évalués par microscopie, tandis que des diapositives histologiques stockées ont été utilisées pour l&#39;immunohistochimie et l&#39;immunofluorescence. En suivant le protocole décrit ici, il est possible d&#39;étendre ce modèle à d&#39;autres cliniques de dermatologie, à d&#39;autres types de tumeurs (comme le mélanome), Et d&#39;autres spécialités et pratiques chirurgicales pour fournir des échantillons de tissus humains pour la recherche à multiples facettes sur les cancers humains. De légères modifications de ce protocole sont susceptibles d&#39;être nécessaires pour d&#39;autres pratiques, mais, en principe, ce protocole s&#39;applique à toute pratique chirurgicale qui répète systématiquement les échantillons de patients recueillis au cours du traitement du patient.

<table border="1" fo:keep-together.within-page="1" fo:keep-with-next.within-page="always">
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>BD Vacutainer Plastic Blood Collection Tubes with K3EDTA</td>
			<td>ThermoFisher Scientific</td>
			<td>02-685-2B</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Electron Microscopy Sciences Double Edge Blades</td>
			<td>ThermoFisher Scientific</td>
			<td>50-949-411</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Curved Medium Point General Purpose Forceps</td>
			<td>ThermoFisher Scientific</td>
			<td>16-100-110</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Premium Microcentrifuge Tubes</td>
			<td>ThermoFisher Scientific</td>
			<td>05-408-138</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Lonza Walkersville KGM Keratinocyte Medium</td>
			<td>ThermoFisher Scientific</td>
			<td>NC9791321</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Electron Microscopy Sciences Tissue TEK OCT Compound</td>
			<td>ThermoFisher Scientific</td>
			<td>50-363-579</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Leica CM1950 Cryostat</td>
			<td>Leica Biosystems</td>
			<td>14047743909</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Frosted Microscope Slides</td>
			<td>ThermoFisher Scientific</td>
			<td>12-550-343</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Shandon Rapid-Chrome H&#38;E Frozen Section Staining Kit</td>
			<td>ThermoFisher Scientific</td>
			<td>99-900-01</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Nalgene Long-Term Storage Cryogenic Tubes</td>
			<td>ThermoFisher Scientific</td>
			<td>03-337-7X</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Falcon 15 mL Conical Centrifuge Tubes</td>
			<td>ThermoFisher Scientific</td>
			<td>14-959-53A</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Boca Scientific BuccalT-Swab&#160;</td>
			<td>ThermoFisher Scientific</td>
			<td>NC9679349</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Cell Signaling Technology 10x RIPA Buffer</td>
			<td>ThermoFisher Scientific</td>
			<td>50-195-822</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Halt Protease and Phosphatase Inhibitor Cocktail</td>
			<td>ThermoFisher Scientific</td>
			<td>PI78443</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Eppendorf 5424R Microcentrifuge</td>
			<td>ThermoFisher Scientific</td>
			<td>05-401-203</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Pellet Morter Cordless Homogenizer</td>
			<td>ThermoFisher Scientific</td>
			<td>12-141-3</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>RNAse Free Pellet Pestle</td>
			<td>ThermoFisher Scientific</td>
			<td>121-141-364</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Forma SteriCycle CO2 Incubator</td>
			<td>ThermoFisher Scientific</td>
			<td>13-998-089</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>HyClone Fetal Bovine Serum</td>
			<td>ThermoFisher Scientific</td>
			<td>SH30071.02</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Gibco Advanced DMEM/F-12</td>
			<td>ThermoFisher Scientific</td>
			<td>12-634-028</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Gibco Penicillin-Streptomycin</td>
			<td>ThermoFisher Scientific</td>
			<td>15140148</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Gibco 1M Hepes</td>
			<td>ThermoFisher Scientific</td>
			<td>15-630-130</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Nunc Cell Culture 35 mm with Vent</td>
			<td>ThermoFisher Scientific</td>
			<td>1256591</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Anti-CFH monoclonal antibody clone OX-24</td>
			<td>Abnova</td>
			<td>MAB12583</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Anti-p40 (p63 delta) antibody</td>
			<td>Abnova</td>
			<td>ABX-144A</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Anti MUC-1 antibody</td>
			<td>Santa Cruz Biotech</td>
			<td>sc-7313</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Anti-Snail + Slug (phospho S246)</td>
			<td>Abcam</td>
			<td>Ab63568</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Goat anti-rabbit IgG, Alexa Fluor 488</td>
			<td>Invitrogen</td>
			<td>A-11034</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Alexa Fluor 568 Phallodin</td>
			<td>Molecular Probes&#160;</td>
			<td>A12380</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>ProLong Gold Antifade Mountant with DAPI</td>
			<td>Molecular Probes&#160;</td>
			<td>P36941</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Zeiss Axio Imager Z1 Microscope with Axiocam camera</td>
			<td>Zeiss</td>
			<td>4300009901</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Olympus IX51 phase contrast with DP72 camera</td>
			<td>Olympus</td>
			<td>IX511F3</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

establishment of a clinic-based biorepository

L&#39;incidence du cancer de la peau ( p. Ex., Carcinome épidermoïde, carcinome basocellulaire et mélanome) a augmenté au cours des dernières années. On s&#39;attend à ce qu&#39;il y ait une demande parallèle pour les échantillons de tumeurs cutanées pour des études de recherche biomédicales. La disponibilité des tissus, cependant, est limitée en raison du coût de l&#39;établissement d&#39;un biorepository et du manque de protocoles disponibles pour l&#39;obtention d&#39;échantillons cliniques qui n&#39;interfèrent pas avec les opérations cliniques. Un protocole a été établi pour collecter et traiter la tumeur cutanée et les échantillons de sang et de salive associés qui ont un impact minimal sur les procédures cliniques de routine à la date de la chirurgie de Mohs. Les échantillons de tumeurs sont recueillis et traités à partir de patients subissant leur première couche de chirurgie de Mohs pour des tumeurs malignes cutanées éprouvées par biopsie par l&#39;histotechnologiste de Mohs. Le tissu normal adjacent est recueilli au moment de la fermeture chirurgicale. Des échantillons supplémentaires qui peuvent être collectés sont des écouvillons sanguins et buccales. En utilisant des échantillons de tissus qui sont normalement rejetés, un biorepository a été généré qui offre plusieurs avantages clés en étant basé dans la clinique par rapport au paramètre de laboratoire. Ceux-ci incluent une large gamme d&#39;échantillons collectés; Accès aux dossiers de patients identifiés, y compris les rapports de pathologie; Et, pour le donneur typique, accéder à des échantillons supplémentaires lors des visites de suivi.

La tumeur et l&#39;ANT ont été utilisés avec succès dans l&#39;isolement des protéines et testés par Western Blot. Comme le montre la figure 3 , les marqueurs de carcinomes épidermiques cutanés (Muc1 14 , FHL-1 15 et p40 16 , 17 ) peuvent être détectés dans des échantillons de patients collectés et stockés dans notre biorepository basé sur la clinique...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Establishment of a Clinic-based Biorepository at JoVE.com

Establishment of a Clinic-based Biorepository

Les tumeurs cutanées sont souvent éliminées suite à la chirurgie micrographique de Mohs. Un protocole est décrit ici qui permet au personnel de soutien clinique de traiter et de stocker efficacement les échantillons de tumeur cutanée ( p. Ex., Carcinome épidermoïde, carcinome basique et mélanome) pour des applications en laboratoire en aval sans interférer avec les opérations cliniques.

Création d&#39;un biorepository basé sur une clinique

The incidence of skin cancer (e.g., squamous cell carcinoma, basal cell carcinoma, and melanoma) has been increasing over the past several years. It is ...

The overall goal of this protocol is to enable clinical support staff in a dermatology practice to effectively process and store cutaneous tumor samples for downstream laboratory applications, without interfering with routine clinical operations. This protocol was designed to enable medical assistants and Mohs histotechnicians to collect and store cutaneous tumor samples for future biomedical research projects, as part of their daily clinical operations. The main advantage of this protocol is that excised tissues that are normally discarded and destroyed are instead collected and preserved for research, using procedures, which minimally impact routine clinical operations.The variety of samples collected enables correlations between protein and RNA biomarkers in the tissue and plasma samples with patient outcome data. In principle, this protocol, once slightly modified is applicable to any surgical practice, that routinely discards patient samples, gathered in the course of patient treatment. Demonstrating the procedure will be Stefani Fawks, a Mohs histotechnician, and Dr.Mitchell Manway, a research fellow in our practice.To begin, use the tissue received from the Mohs surgeon and with a scalpel, excise a 10 to 50 milligram sample from the center of the apical side of the tissue. With tweezers, transfer the viable tissue to a labeled 1.5 milliliter tube, prefilled with culture medium. Make sure the tissue is entirely immersed in the medium.Place the sample in a refrigerator and store it at four degrees Celsius, for no longer than 24 hours before further processing. Harvest at least a 10 cubic millimeter tissue fragment from the apical side of the excised tissue, when the tumor sample is large enough, and such removal will not interfere with routine Mohs processing. Next, place the remaining unprocessed tumor sample on a cryostat tissue holder.Embed the tissue in an optimal cutting temperature compound, and freeze it within the holder to prepare histological slides. Using a cryostat, cut the tissue into seven micron thick sections, and layer up to three sections over a slide. After sectioning, fix the tissue by immersing the slides in acetone for one to two seconds.Then, allow the slides to air dry. Keeping the remaining sample in a cryostat chamber, pry the tissue from the cryo embedding medium, and transfer it to a labeled cryogenic tube. Immediately transfer the labeled vial into liquid nitrogen.Transfer of the tissue to a cryo vial after Mohs processing must be performed in the negative 20 degrees Celsius cryostat chamber. If performed properly and the tissue is kept frozen, this step will enable the successful extraction of RNA from post-Mohs tissue samples. Next, obtain adjacent normal tissue from the Mohs surgeon.Excise a sample from the apical side of the adjacent normal tissue. Then, using tweezers, transfer the excised sample to a labeled 1.5 milliliter tube filled with culture medium. Immerse the tissue in the same culture medium.Place it into an appropriate sample bag, and store at four degrees Celsius, until subsequent processing. Collect approximately 10 milliliters of venous blood into EDTA-coated collection tubes. Combine the blood samples in a sterile 15 milliliter centrifuge tube.Then, transfer approximately one milliliter of the blood sample into a 1.5 milliliter cryogenic tube, avoiding bubbles. Store this whole blood sample at minus 80 degrees Celsius, until subsequent genotyping and tissue matching. Next, centrifuge the remaining blood sample at 1000 times G for 30 minutes to obtain blood plasma.After spinning, collect and divide the plasma until one milliliter aliquots in 1.5 milliliter cryogenic tubes. And store the samples at minus 80 degrees Celsius for use during future liquid biopsy analyses. Enter the data from the checklist of patient samples, along with patient information and diagnosis, subtracted from the patient chart to the biorepository database.Finally, record the localization of the de-identified samples in the biorepository database, and move the samples to the research lab. Immediately after, transfer the tissue samples into 1.5 milliliter tubes, prefilled with appropriate extraction solutions, making sure the tissue is completely immersed. Store the samples at minus 80 degrees Celsius until further processing.Presented here are the images of representative Western blots of known squamous cell carcinoma markers, mucin one, FHL-one, and p40, obtained for adjacent normal tissue and a tumor sample. The quality of the RNA isolated from Mohs samples was first assessed using gel electrophoresis, followed by RNA integrity analysis. RNA integrity number values achieved for normal and tumor samples indicate that high quality and intact RNA was obtained.Cytometry profiles of the bands were plotted as fluorescence units versus nucleotide number for representative RNA samples from tumor and normal patient tissue. A squamous cell carcinoma tissue explant was imaged using phase contrast microscopy and shown to be a mixed keratinocyte and fibroblast culture, that might be subcultured or used for future cell line development. Finally, in the squamous cell carcinoma tissue sections, positive staining for the epithelial to mesenchymal transition marker was shown.Once mastered, this protocol will extend the standard work flow of the clinic staff to less than 30 minutes, if it is performed properly. The majority of the steps are performed by the existing clinical staff after patient care is completed. While attempting this protocol, it is important to maintain accurate record keeping, linking the samples with the patient's history and diagnosis.As this information is often needed for downstream applications. This technique will help pave the way for researchers in the field of dermatology for the development of liquid biopsies and biomarkers in squamous cell carcinomas and melanoma. After watching this video, you should have a good understanding of how to implement a clinic-based biorepository for cutaneous cancer samples, generated as part of daily practice.

establishment-of-a-clinic-based-biorepository

Research

JoVE Journal

Medicine

Minimally Invasive Establishment of Murine Orthotopic Bladder Xenografts

Orthotopic bladder cancer xenografts are the gold standard to study molecular cellular manipulations and new therapeutic agents&#160;in vivo. Suitable cell lines are inoculated either by intravesical instillation (model of nonmuscle invasive growth) or intramural injection into the bladder wall (model of invasive growth). Both procedures are complex and highly time-consuming. Additionally, the superficial model has its shortcomings due to the lack of cell lines that are tumorigenic following instillation. Intramural injection, on the other hand, is marred by the invasiveness of the procedure and the associated morbidity for the host mouse.
With these shortcomings in mind, we modified previous methods to develop a minimally invasive approach for creating orthotopic bladder cancer xenografts. Using ultrasound guidance we have successfully performed percutaneous inoculation of the bladder cancer cell lines UM-UC1, UM-UC3 and UM-UC13 into 50 athymic nude. We have been able to demonstrate that this approach is time efficient, precise and safe. With this technique, initially a space is created under the bladder mucosa with PBS, and tumor cells are then injected into this space in a second step. Tumor growth is monitored at regular intervals with bioluminescence imaging and ultrasound. The average tumor volumes increased steadily in in all but one of our 50 mice over the study period.
In our institution, this novel approach, which allows bladder cancer xenograft inoculation in a minimally-invasive, rapid and highly precise way, has replaced the traditional model.

The established technique to inoculate primary invasive orthotopic bladder cancer xenografts requires laparotomy and mobilization of the bladder. This procedure inflicts significant morbidity on the mice, is technically challenging and time-consuming. We therefore developed a high-precision, percutaneous approach utilizing ultrasound guidance.

Minimalement invasive Création d&#39;murin orthotopique de la vessie xénogreffes

Orthotopic bladder cancer xenografts are the gold standard to study molecular cellular manipulations and new therapeutic agents&#160;in vivo. Suitable ...

Recherche

Médecine

Establishment of Human Epithelial Enteroids and Colonoids from Whole Tissue and Biopsy

The epithelium of the gastrointestinal tract is constantly renewed as it turns over. This process is triggered by the proliferation of intestinal stem cells (ISCs) and progeny that progressively migrate and differentiate toward the tip of the villi. These processes, essential for gastrointestinal homeostasis, have been extensively studied using multiple approaches. Ex vivo technologies, especially primary cell cultures have proven to be promising for understanding intestinal epithelial functions. A long-term primary culture system for mouse intestinal crypts has been established to generate 3-dimensional epithelial organoids. These epithelial structures contain crypt- and villus-like domains reminiscent of normal gut epithelium. Commonly, termed &#8220;enteroids&#8221; when derived from small intestine and &#8220;colonoids&#8221; when derived from colon, they are different from organoids that also contain mesenchyme tissue. Additionally, these enteroids/colonoids continuously produce all cell types found normally within the intestinal epithelium. This in vitro organ-like culture system is rapidly becoming the new gold standard for investigation of intestinal stem cell biology and epithelial cell physiology. This technology has been recently transferred to the study of human gut. The establishment of human derived epithelial enteroids and colonoids from small intestine and colon has been possible through the utilization of specific culture media that allow their growth and maintenance over time. Here, we describe a method to establish a small intestinal and colon crypt-derived system from human whole tissue or biopsies. We emphasize the culture modalities that are essential for the successful growth and maintenance of human enteroids and colonoids.

We describe a method to establish human enteroids from small intestinal crypts and colonoids from colon crypts collected from both surgical tissue and biopsies. In this methodological article, we present the culture modalities that are essential for the successful growth and maintenance of human enteroids and colonoids.

Mise en place d&#39;épithéliales humaines Enteroids et Colonoids de tout le tissu et la biopsie

The epithelium of the gastrointestinal tract is constantly renewed as it turns over. This process is triggered by the proliferation of intestinal stem ...

Establishment and Characterization of UTI and CAUTI in a Mouse Model

Urinary tract infections (UTI) are highly prevalent, a significant cause of morbidity and are increasingly resistant to treatment with antibiotics. Females are disproportionately afflicted by UTI: 50% of all women will have a UTI in their lifetime. Additionally, 20-40% of these women who have an initial UTI will suffer a recurrence with some suffering frequent recurrences with serious deterioration in the quality of life, pain and discomfort, disruption of daily activities, increased healthcare costs, and few treatment options other than long-term antibiotic prophylaxis. Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) is the primary causative agent of community acquired UTI. Catheter-associated UTI (CAUTI) is the most common hospital acquired infection accounting for a million occurrences in the US annually and dramatic healthcare costs. While UPEC is also the primary cause of CAUTI, other causative agents are of increased significance including Enterococcus faecalis. Here we utilize two well-established mouse models that recapitulate many of the clinical characteristics of these human diseases. For UTI, a C3H/HeN model recapitulates many of the features of UPEC virulence observed in humans including host responses, IBC formation and filamentation. For CAUTI, a model using C57BL/6 mice, which retain catheter bladder implants, has been shown to be susceptible to E. faecalis bladder infection. These representative models are being used to gain striking new insights into the pathogenesis of UTI disease, which is leading to the development of novel therapeutics and management or prevention strategies.

The ability to model urinary tract infections (UTI) is crucial in order to be able to understand bacterial pathogenesis and spawn the development of novel therapeutics. This work&#8217;s goal is to demonstrate mouse models of experimental UTI and catheter associated UTI that recapitulate and predict findings seen in humans.

Création et caractérisation de l&#39;UTI et Cauti dans un modèle de souris

Urinary tract infections (UTI) are highly prevalent, a significant cause of morbidity and are increasingly resistant to treatment with antibiotics. ...

Establishment of a Segmental Femoral Critical-size Defect Model in Mice Stabilized by Plate Osteosynthesis

The use of tissue-engineered bone constructs is an appealing strategy to overcome drawbacks of autografts for the treatment of massive bone defects. As a model organism, the mouse has already been widely used in bone-related research. Large diaphyseal bone defect models in mice, however, are sparse and often use bone fixation which fills the bone marrow cavity and does not provide optimal mechanical stability. The objectives of the current study were to develop a critical-size, segmental, femoral defect in nude mice. A 3.5-mm mid-diaphyseal femoral ostectomy (approximately 25% of the femur length) was performed using a dedicated jig, and was stabilized with an anterior located locking plate and 4 locking screws. The bone defect was subsequently either left empty or filled with a bone substitute (syngenic bone graft or coralline scaffold). Bone healing was monitored noninvasively using radiography and in vivo micro-computed-tomography and was subsequently assessed by ex vivo micro-computed-tomography and undecalcified histology after animal sacrifice, 10 weeks postoperatively. The recovery of all mice was excellent, a full-weight-bearing was observed within one day following the surgical procedure. Furthermore, stable bone fixation and consistent fixation of the implanted materials were achieved in all animals tested throughout the study. When the bone defects were left empty, non-union was consistently obtained. In contrast, when the bone defects were filled with syngenic bone grafts, bone union was always observed. When the bone defects were filled with coralline scaffolds, newly-formed bone was observed in the interface between bone resection edges and the scaffold, as well as within a short distance within the scaffold. 
The present model describes a reproducible critical-size femoral defect stabilized by plate osteosynthesis with low morbidity in mice. The new load-bearing segmental bone defect model could be useful for studying the underlying mechanisms in bone regeneration pertinent to orthopaedic applications.

Although mouse models are invaluable tools for bone tissue engineering, models of long bone defects are sparse. This need motivated development of the present protocol which uses a locking plate with four screws and a dedicated jig to perform and stabilize a reproducible, femoral, critical-size defect with low morbidity.

Mise en place d&#39;un segmentaire fémoral Critical-size Defect modèle chez la souris Stabilisé par Plate ostéosynthèse

The use of tissue-engineered bone constructs is an appealing strategy to overcome drawbacks of autografts for the treatment of massive bone defects. As a ...

Establishment of a Severe Dry Eye Model Using Complete Dacryoadenectomy in Rabbits

Dry eye disease (DED) is a complex disease with multiple etiologies and variable symptoms, having ocular surface inflammation as its key pathophysiologic step. Despite advances in our understanding of DED, significant knowledge gaps remain. Advances are limited in part due to the lack of informative animal models. The authors recently reported on a method of DED induced by injecting all orbital lacrimal gland (LG) tissues with the lectin concanavalin A. Here, we report a novel model of aqueous-deficient DED based on the surgical resection of all orbital LG (dacryoadenectomy) tissues. Both methods use rabbits because of their similarity to human eyes in terms of the size and structure of the ocular surface. One week after removal of the nictitating membrane, the orbital superior LG was surgically removed under anesthesia, followed by removal of the palpebral superior LG, and finally removal of the inferior LG. Dacryoadenectomy induced severe DED, evidenced by a marked reduction in the tear break up time test and the Schirmer&#39;s tear test, and significantly increased tear osmolarity and rose bengal staining. Dacryoadenectomy-induced DED lasted at least eight weeks. There were no complications and animals tolerated the procedure well. The technique can be mastered relatively easily by those with adequate surgical experience and appreciation of the relevant rabbit anatomy. Since this model recapitulates the features of human aqueous-deficient DED, it is suitable for studies of ocular surface homeostasis, DED, and candidate therapeutics.

A novel approach is presented to induce chronic dry eye disease in rabbits by surgically removing all orbital lacrimal glands. This method, distinct from those previously reported, produces a stable, reproducible model of aqueous deficient dry eye well suited to study tear physiology and pathophysiology and ocular therapeutics.

Établissement d'un modèle d'oeil sec grave utilisant la Dacryoadenectomy complète dans des lapins

Dry eye disease (DED) is a complex disease with multiple etiologies and variable symptoms, having ocular surface inflammation as its key pathophysiologic ...

Establishment and Evaluation of a Porcine Vein Graft Disease Model

Venous graft disease (VGD) is the leading cause of coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) failure. Large animal models of CABG-VGD are needed for the investigation of disease mechanisms and the development of therapeutic strategies. 
To perform the surgery, we enter the cardiac chamber through the third intercostal space and carefully dissect the internal mammary vein and immerse it in normal saline. The right main coronary artery is then treated for ischemia. The target vessel is incised, a shunt plug is placed, and the distal end of the graft vein is anastomosed. The ascending aorta is partially blocked, and the proximal end of the graft vein is anastomosed after perforation. The graft vein is checked for patency, and the proximal right coronary artery is ligated. 
CABG surgery is performed in minipigs to harvest the left internal mammary vein for its use as a vascular graft. Serum biochemical tests are used to evaluate the physiological status of the animals after surgery. Ultrasound examination shows that the proximal, middle, and distal end of the graft vessel are unobstructed. In the surgical model, turbulent blood flow in the graft is observed upon histological examination after the CABG surgery, and venous graft stenosis associated with intimal hyperplasia is observed in the graft. The study here provides detailed surgical procedures for the establishment of a repeatable CABG-induced VGD model.

In this protocol, novel pig vein bypass grafting was performed through a small incision in the left chest wall without cardiopulmonary bypass. A postoperative pathology study was done, which showed intimal thickening.

Établissement et évaluation d’un modèle de maladie du greffon de veine porcine

Venous graft disease (VGD) is the leading cause of coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) failure. Large animal models of CABG-VGD are needed for the ...

Establishment of a Simple and Effective Rat Model for Intraoperative Parathyroid Gland Imaging

Parathyroid gland (PG) identification is a critical unmet need in thyroidectomy. The identification of the PG is challenging in thyroid surgery as it is similar in color to the thyroid gland. The lack of effective animal models in preclinical research is a severe limitation for the development of PG identification techniques. This protocol allows for the establishment of a simple and effective rat model for PG identification. In this model, black iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) are injected locally in the thyroid gland and rapidly diffuse within the thyroid gland but not the PG. A negatively stained PG and a positively stained thyroid gland can be easily identified by the naked eye without requiring external microscopes. The position of the PG can be identified by increasing the color contrast between the thyroid gland and the PG, based on the color of the black IONPs. This rat model is low-cost and convenient for PG identification, and the IONPs are a novel PG contrast agent.

To date, the development of parathyroid gland (PG) identification methods is limited by the lack of animal models in preclinical research. Here, we establish a simple and effective rat model for intraoperative PG imaging and evaluate its effectiveness by using iron oxide nanoparticles as a novel PG contrast agent.

Mise en place d’un modèle simple et efficace chez le rat pour l’imagerie peropératoire des glandes parathyroïdes

Parathyroid gland (PG) identification is a critical unmet need in thyroidectomy. The identification of the PG is challenging in thyroid surgery as it is ...

Chirurgie modifiée de la fistule artérioveineuse pour établir le modèle murin de surcharge volumique du VD

Establishment and Confirmation of a Postnatal Right Ventricular Volume Overload Mouse Model

Right ventricular (RV) volume overload (VO) is common in children with congenital heart disease. In view of distinct developmental stages,the RV myocardium may respond differently to VO in children compared to adults. The present study aims to establish a postnatal RV VO model in mice using a modified abdominal arteriovenous fistula. To confirm the creation of VO and the following morphological and hemodynamic changes of the RV, abdominal ultrasound, echocardiography, and histochemical staining were performed for 3 months. As a result, the procedure in postnatal mice showed an acceptable survival and fistula success rate. In VO mice, the RV cavity was enlarged with a thickened free wall, and the stroke volume was increased by about 30%-40% within 2 months after surgery. Thereafter, the RV systolic pressure increased, corresponding pulmonary valve regurgitation was observed, and small pulmonary artery remodeling appeared. In conclusion, modified arteriovenous fistula (AVF) surgery is feasible to establish the RV VO model in postnatal mice. Considering the probability of fistula closure and elevated pulmonary artery resistance, abdominal ultrasound and echocardiography must be performed to confirm the model status before application.

Pleins feux sur l’auteur : Établissement et confirmation d’un modèle murin de surcharge du volume ventriculaire droit postnatal  

This protocol presents the establishment and confirmation of a postnatal right ventricular volume overload (VO) model in mice with abdominal arteriovenous fistula (AVF), which can be applied to investigate how VO contributes to postnatal heart development.