Name: establishment of a clinic-based biorepository
Uploaded: 2017-05-29T14:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Establishment of a Clinic-based Biorepository at JoVE.com

이 연구는 중서부 대학 건강 과학 연구 촉진 기금, EEH 수여, Midwestern University Office of Research 및 후원 프로그램 교내 기금, KJL에게 수여되었습니다. Affiliated Laboratories 및 Affiliated Dermatology에서 추가 지원을 제공했습니다. 기술 지원을 위해 Sarah Potekhen, Jamie Barto, Stefani Fawks, Cody Jording, Stacie Schimke, Heather Kissel 및 Ali Zaidi에게 감사드립니다.

인간 조직 샘플에 대한 모든 실험은 Western IRB (WIRB Protocol # 20142461)에 의해 승인되었습니다. 이 절차에 대한 조직 수집에 대한 단일 기준은 생검에서 입증 된 SCC 진단입니다. 원래의 IRB 프로토콜에는 제외 기준이 제시되어 있지 않았지만, 혈액으로 전염 된 질병이 알려진 환자의 샘플은 사용되지 않았습니다. 피부 조직, 혈액 및 타액을 수집하기 전에 사전 동의를 얻었습니다. 중서부 기관 검토위원?...

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저자의 지식에 따르면이 프로토콜은 비용 효율적이고 빠른 접근 방식으로 피부 조직 샘플을 임상 적으로 조달하는 데 주력하는 최초의 제품입니다. Mohs 미세 수술을받는 환자는 일반적으로 특정 시간대에 예정되며 수집은이 기간으로 제한됩니다. 샘플 채취에는 환자 관리에 종사하는 의료 보조원, 종양 샘플을 처리하는 모스 (Mohs) histotechnologist 및 샘플 진입 및 혈액 처리를 담당하는 지정 실험실...

암 및 바이오 마커 연구는 우수한 인체 조직 샘플의 공급에 의존하며, 제한된 공급으로 인해 연구 1,2 가 방해 받고 있습니다. 많은 피부 과학 연구는 인간 조직의 사용과 관련된 부적절한 공급, 다양한 품질 및 비용으로 인해 제한됩니다. 대형 전용 바이오 뱅크를 설립하는 데 드는 비용은 약 2 백만 달러로 추정되며, 이러한 비용은 인체 조직을 많은 연구자들이 사용할 수 없게 만듭니다. 또한 연구 샘플을 생성하고 저장하는 과정은 신중하게 실행하지 않으면 임상 조작에 영향을 미치고 환자 치료를 지연시킬 위험이 있습니다. 비용 효과적인 클리닉 기반의 바이오 저장소는 권장되는 모범 사례와 샘플 검증 4 , 5 , 6 에 따라 피부암 샘플에 초점을 맞추고 있습니다. <p이 프로토콜은 편평 세포 암종 (SCC), 기저 세포 암종 (BCC) 및 흑색 종 피부암을 제거하기 위해 대량의 모스 현미경 수술을 수행하는 피부과 전문의에서 개발되었습니다. 자원 봉사자 기증자는이 환자 집단에서 모집 할 수 있습니다. 치료를 지연시키지 않고 동의 한 환자의 조직과 혈액을 신속하게 포획하기 위해서는 수집 장소에 바이오 저장소를 설치하는 것이 중요합니다. 같은 클리닉에서 샘플을 수집하면 수집 기술의 변화를 최소화하고 샘플의 품질 변화를 최소화 할 수 있습니다. 이는 다운 스트림 어플리케이션 7 , 8 에서 문제가 될 수 있습니다. Mohs 현미경 수술 기술의 목표는 최대한 많은 건강한 조직을 보존하면서 모든 암 조직을 제거하는 것입니다. 이 절차는 종양 조직의 얇은 층을 점진적으로 제거하는 것을 포함합니다. 연속되는 각 레이어는 그의(모든 종양 조직이 제거되었는지 여부를 결정하기 위해 피부과 의사가 종양 조직을 냉동시키고 H &amp; E 염색을 시행 한 후) 논리적으로 검사했다. 환자가 사무실에있는 동안 조직의 후속 층의 절제 및 검사가 실행됩니다. 이 기술은 SCC 9 에 대한 최상의 치료 옵션으로 간주됩니다. 이 시점에서 상처는 닫히고, 치유 및 미용 외관을 향상시키기 위해 인접한 정상 조직 (ANT)을 자주 절제합니다. 따라서 종양 제거 수술은 향후 연구를 위해 조직 학적으로 특성화 된 조직을 수집하는 데 이상적입니다. 종양 조직, 인접한 정상 조직, 타액 및 혈액 샘플을 얻기위한 조달 절차는 정상적인 직원 업무에 미치는 영향을 최소화하도록 설계되었습니다 ( 그림 1 ). 의료 보조원은 절차를 위해 환자를 준비하는 동안 혈액을 채취합니다. 모스 절차 완료 후, M<html> ohs histotechnologist는 표본의 추가 조직 슬라이드를 준비하고 조직을 biorepository에 전송합니다. 바이오 리포지토리 구축과 관련된 비용으로는 냉동 보관 냉동고 구입, 겸손한 임상 실험실 공간 창출 및 재고 추적 프로그램 개발 등이 있습니다. <img alt="그림 1" src="/files/ftp_upload/55583/55583fig1.jpg" /> 그림 1 : 샘플 수집 및 담당 직원의 순서. 환자가 체크인하고 환자의 동의를 얻으면 의료 보조원은 협측 면봉을 수집하여 혈액을 채취합니다. 피부과 의사와 의료 보조원은 종양을 절제하고 상처를 닫습니다. SCC와 ANT 표본은 각각 수집됩니다. 헌혈 기술자가 혈액을 처리하고 SCC 및 ANT 표본에 조직 배양, 보존 및 바이오 저장소로 들어가기위한 섹션을 분류합니다.ftp_upload / 55583 / 55583fig1large.jpg &quot;target =&quot;_ blank &quot;&gt;이 그림의 확대 버전을 보려면 여기를 클릭하십시오. 수집 된 샘플의 다양성은 다양한 실험 접근법을 가능하게합니다 ( 그림 2 ). 환자에게서 채취 한 샘플은 협측 면봉 (필요한 경우 타액을 수집 할 수 있음), 전혈 및 절제 된 조직입니다. 구강 내 면봉과 전혈에서 채취 한 샘플은 유전자 타이핑과 조직 일치를 위해 가공없이 저장됩니다. 미래의 분석을 위해 전혈이 백혈구 (WBC)와 혈장 분획으로 분리됩니다. 모스 처리 후, 동결 된 종양을 액체 질소에 직접 놓고 -80 ° C의 냉동고로 옮깁니다. 신선하고 실행 가능한 종양 조직 및 ANT 샘플은 이전 기술 10 , 11의 변형을 사용하여 배양 한 다음 저온 보존합니다. 수집하는 동안 각 샘플 유형의 번호는 스프레드 시트에 기록되기 전에 기록됩니다<html> 재고 추적 프로그램은 정확한 처리를 용이하게합니다 ( 표 1 ). <img alt="그림 2" src="/files/ftp_upload/55583/55583fig2.jpg" /> 도표 2 : 진료소 ​​근거한 biorepository 견본 수집과 가공의 개관. 환자에게서 협측 면봉과 혈액 샘플을 수집하여 다운 스트림 genotyping과 조직 매칭을 위해 보관합니다. 전혈은 백혈구 (WBC) 분리 및 CTC 분석뿐만 아니라 혈장 수집 및 액체 생검 분석을 위해 추가 처리됩니다. Mohs 절차 중에 절제 한 조직을 진단 목적으로 조직 학적으로 처리 한 후 조직학 슬라이드를 면역 조직 화학 분석을 위해 실험적으로 사용할 수 있습니다. 절제 된 조직 샘플이 충분히 큰 경우, 신선한 조직의 일부를 제거하고 단백질 및 RNA 분리 및 배양 된 세포주를 확립하기 위해 절단한다.55583 / 55583fig1large.jpg &quot;target =&quot;_ blank &quot;&gt;이 그림의 확대 버전을 보려면 여기를 클릭하십시오. <table border="1" fo:keep-together.within-page="1" fo:keep-with-next.within-page="always"><tbody><tr><td> 컬렉션 날짜 : </td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td> 환자 1 </td><td> 환자 2 </td><td> 환자 3 </td><td> 환자 4 </td><td> 환자 5 </td></tr><tr><td> 이니셜 및 생년월일 </td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td> 눈 색깔 </td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td> 샘플 유형 </td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td> 샘플 위치 </td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td> 타액 </td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td> 승구멍 혈액 </td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td> 혈장 </td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td> 유력한 종양 </td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td> 조직 생체 적합성 </td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td> 종양 모스 액체 질소 </td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td> 조직 일반 액체 질소 </td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td> 슬라이드 </td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr></tbody></table> 표 1 : 샘플 수집을 기록하기위한 체크리스트. 수집 된 각 샘플과 함께 추적되고 기록 된 데이터에는 환자의 머리 글자, 생년월일, 눈색 (피부 유형의 경우), 로케티on 표본 제거. 타액 샘플 수, 혈액 수집 체적 및 수집 된 생존 및 보존 된 조직 검체 수 또한 추후 사용을위한 참고 자료로 기록됩니다. <a href="http://ecsource.jove.com/files/ftp_upload/55583/Table1.xlsx">이 파일을 다운로드하려면 여기를 클릭하십시오.</a> 샘플 수집 절차의 유효성을 확인하기 위해 각 샘플 유형은 다운 스트림 어플리케이션에서 테스트되었습니다. 이전 기술 12의 수정을 사용하여, 종양 및 ANT는 단백질 및 RNA 분리에 성공적으로 사용되었으며 잠재적으로 DNA 분리에 사용될 수 있습니다. 조직 절편으로부터 확립 된 생체 외편은 현미경으로 평가되었으며, 보존 된 조직 슬라이드는 면역 조직 화학과 면역 형광 검사에 사용되었다. 여기에 설명 된 프로토콜을 따르면이 모델을 다른 피부과 진료소, 다른 종양 유형 (예 : 흑색 종)으로 확장 할 수 있습니다., 그리고 인간 암에 대한 다방면 연구를위한 인간 조직 샘플을 제공하는 기타 외과 전문 분야 및 관행. 이 프로토콜의 약간의 수정은 다른 관행에 필수적 일 수 있지만 원칙적으로이 프로토콜은 환자 치료 과정에서 수집 된 환자 샘플을 정기적으로 폐기하는 모든 수술에 적용 할 수 있습니다.

<table border="1" fo:keep-together.within-page="1" fo:keep-with-next.within-page="always">
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>BD Vacutainer Plastic Blood Collection Tubes with K3EDTA</td>
			<td>ThermoFisher Scientific</td>
			<td>02-685-2B</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Electron Microscopy Sciences Double Edge Blades</td>
			<td>ThermoFisher Scientific</td>
			<td>50-949-411</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Curved Medium Point General Purpose Forceps</td>
			<td>ThermoFisher Scientific</td>
			<td>16-100-110</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Premium Microcentrifuge Tubes</td>
			<td>ThermoFisher Scientific</td>
			<td>05-408-138</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Lonza Walkersville KGM Keratinocyte Medium</td>
			<td>ThermoFisher Scientific</td>
			<td>NC9791321</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Electron Microscopy Sciences Tissue TEK OCT Compound</td>
			<td>ThermoFisher Scientific</td>
			<td>50-363-579</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Leica CM1950 Cryostat</td>
			<td>Leica Biosystems</td>
			<td>14047743909</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Frosted Microscope Slides</td>
			<td>ThermoFisher Scientific</td>
			<td>12-550-343</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Shandon Rapid-Chrome H&#38;E Frozen Section Staining Kit</td>
			<td>ThermoFisher Scientific</td>
			<td>99-900-01</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Nalgene Long-Term Storage Cryogenic Tubes</td>
			<td>ThermoFisher Scientific</td>
			<td>03-337-7X</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Falcon 15 mL Conical Centrifuge Tubes</td>
			<td>ThermoFisher Scientific</td>
			<td>14-959-53A</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Boca Scientific BuccalT-Swab&#160;</td>
			<td>ThermoFisher Scientific</td>
			<td>NC9679349</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Cell Signaling Technology 10x RIPA Buffer</td>
			<td>ThermoFisher Scientific</td>
			<td>50-195-822</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Halt Protease and Phosphatase Inhibitor Cocktail</td>
			<td>ThermoFisher Scientific</td>
			<td>PI78443</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Eppendorf 5424R Microcentrifuge</td>
			<td>ThermoFisher Scientific</td>
			<td>05-401-203</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Pellet Morter Cordless Homogenizer</td>
			<td>ThermoFisher Scientific</td>
			<td>12-141-3</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>RNAse Free Pellet Pestle</td>
			<td>ThermoFisher Scientific</td>
			<td>121-141-364</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Forma SteriCycle CO2 Incubator</td>
			<td>ThermoFisher Scientific</td>
			<td>13-998-089</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>HyClone Fetal Bovine Serum</td>
			<td>ThermoFisher Scientific</td>
			<td>SH30071.02</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Gibco Advanced DMEM/F-12</td>
			<td>ThermoFisher Scientific</td>
			<td>12-634-028</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Gibco Penicillin-Streptomycin</td>
			<td>ThermoFisher Scientific</td>
			<td>15140148</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Gibco 1M Hepes</td>
			<td>ThermoFisher Scientific</td>
			<td>15-630-130</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Nunc Cell Culture 35 mm with Vent</td>
			<td>ThermoFisher Scientific</td>
			<td>1256591</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Anti-CFH monoclonal antibody clone OX-24</td>
			<td>Abnova</td>
			<td>MAB12583</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Anti-p40 (p63 delta) antibody</td>
			<td>Abnova</td>
			<td>ABX-144A</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Anti MUC-1 antibody</td>
			<td>Santa Cruz Biotech</td>
			<td>sc-7313</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Anti-Snail + Slug (phospho S246)</td>
			<td>Abcam</td>
			<td>Ab63568</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Goat anti-rabbit IgG, Alexa Fluor 488</td>
			<td>Invitrogen</td>
			<td>A-11034</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Alexa Fluor 568 Phallodin</td>
			<td>Molecular Probes&#160;</td>
			<td>A12380</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>ProLong Gold Antifade Mountant with DAPI</td>
			<td>Molecular Probes&#160;</td>
			<td>P36941</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Zeiss Axio Imager Z1 Microscope with Axiocam camera</td>
			<td>Zeiss</td>
			<td>4300009901</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Olympus IX51 phase contrast with DP72 camera</td>
			<td>Olympus</td>
			<td>IX511F3</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

establishment of a clinic-based biorepository

지난 몇 년 동안 피부암 ( 예, 편평 세포 암종, 기저 세포 암종 및 흑색 종)이 증가 해 왔습니다. 생물 의학 연구를위한 피부 종양 샘플에 대한 병행 요구가있을 것으로 예상됩니다. 그러나 조직 가용성은 생물 저장소를 확립하는 비용과 임상 조작을 방해하지 않는 임상 샘플을 입수 할 수있는 프로토콜이 없기 때문에 제한적입니다. 모스 수술 날짜에 일상적인 임상 절차에 최소한의 영향을 미치는 피부 종양 및 관련 혈액 및 타액 샘플을 수집하고 처리하기위한 프로토콜이 수립되었습니다. Mohs histotechnologist가 생검에서 입증 된 피부 악성 종양에 대한 첫 번째 모스 수술을받는 환자로부터 종양 샘플을 수집하고 가공합니다. 인접한 정상 조직은 수술 종결시 수집됩니다. 수집 할 수있는 추가 샘플은 전혈 및 협측 스왑입니다.. 정상적으로 폐기 된 조직 표본을 활용함으로써 병원에서 실험실 환경을 기반으로 여러 가지 주요 이점을 제공하는 생물 저장소가 생성되었습니다. 여기에는 광범위한 수집 된 샘플이 포함됩니다. 병리학 보고서를 포함하여 확인되지 않은 환자 기록에 대한 접근; 전형적인 기증자의 경우 추적 방문 중에 추가 샘플을 이용할 수 있습니다.

종양 및 ANT는 단백질 분리에 성공적으로 사용되고 웨스턴 블 랏팅으로 시험되었습니다. 그림 3 에서 볼 수 있듯이, 클리닉 기반 바이오 저장소에 수집 및 저장 한 환자 표본에서 피부 편평 세포 암종 마커 (Muc1 14 , FHL-1 15 및 p40 16 , 17 )를 검출 할 수 있습니다. <p class="jove_content" f...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Establishment of a Clinic-based Biorepository at JoVE.com

Establishment of a Clinic-based Biorepository

피부 종양은 모스 (Mohs) 현미경 수술 후 폐기됩니다. 임상 지원 직원이 임상 작업을 방해하지 않고 하류 실험실 응용을위한 피부 종양 ( 예 : 편평 세포 암종, 기저 세포 암종 및 흑색 종) 샘플을 효과적으로 처리하고 저장할 수있는 프로토콜이 여기에 설명되어 있습니다.

클리닉 기반 생물 저장소의 설립

The incidence of skin cancer (e.g., squamous cell carcinoma, basal cell carcinoma, and melanoma) has been increasing over the past several years. It is ...

The overall goal of this protocol is to enable clinical support staff in a dermatology practice to effectively process and store cutaneous tumor samples for downstream laboratory applications, without interfering with routine clinical operations. This protocol was designed to enable medical assistants and Mohs histotechnicians to collect and store cutaneous tumor samples for future biomedical research projects, as part of their daily clinical operations. The main advantage of this protocol is that excised tissues that are normally discarded and destroyed are instead collected and preserved for research, using procedures, which minimally impact routine clinical operations.The variety of samples collected enables correlations between protein and RNA biomarkers in the tissue and plasma samples with patient outcome data. In principle, this protocol, once slightly modified is applicable to any surgical practice, that routinely discards patient samples, gathered in the course of patient treatment. Demonstrating the procedure will be Stefani Fawks, a Mohs histotechnician, and Dr.Mitchell Manway, a research fellow in our practice.To begin, use the tissue received from the Mohs surgeon and with a scalpel, excise a 10 to 50 milligram sample from the center of the apical side of the tissue. With tweezers, transfer the viable tissue to a labeled 1.5 milliliter tube, prefilled with culture medium. Make sure the tissue is entirely immersed in the medium.Place the sample in a refrigerator and store it at four degrees Celsius, for no longer than 24 hours before further processing. Harvest at least a 10 cubic millimeter tissue fragment from the apical side of the excised tissue, when the tumor sample is large enough, and such removal will not interfere with routine Mohs processing. Next, place the remaining unprocessed tumor sample on a cryostat tissue holder.Embed the tissue in an optimal cutting temperature compound, and freeze it within the holder to prepare histological slides. Using a cryostat, cut the tissue into seven micron thick sections, and layer up to three sections over a slide. After sectioning, fix the tissue by immersing the slides in acetone for one to two seconds.Then, allow the slides to air dry. Keeping the remaining sample in a cryostat chamber, pry the tissue from the cryo embedding medium, and transfer it to a labeled cryogenic tube. Immediately transfer the labeled vial into liquid nitrogen.Transfer of the tissue to a cryo vial after Mohs processing must be performed in the negative 20 degrees Celsius cryostat chamber. If performed properly and the tissue is kept frozen, this step will enable the successful extraction of RNA from post-Mohs tissue samples. Next, obtain adjacent normal tissue from the Mohs surgeon.Excise a sample from the apical side of the adjacent normal tissue. Then, using tweezers, transfer the excised sample to a labeled 1.5 milliliter tube filled with culture medium. Immerse the tissue in the same culture medium.Place it into an appropriate sample bag, and store at four degrees Celsius, until subsequent processing. Collect approximately 10 milliliters of venous blood into EDTA-coated collection tubes. Combine the blood samples in a sterile 15 milliliter centrifuge tube.Then, transfer approximately one milliliter of the blood sample into a 1.5 milliliter cryogenic tube, avoiding bubbles. Store this whole blood sample at minus 80 degrees Celsius, until subsequent genotyping and tissue matching. Next, centrifuge the remaining blood sample at 1000 times G for 30 minutes to obtain blood plasma.After spinning, collect and divide the plasma until one milliliter aliquots in 1.5 milliliter cryogenic tubes. And store the samples at minus 80 degrees Celsius for use during future liquid biopsy analyses. Enter the data from the checklist of patient samples, along with patient information and diagnosis, subtracted from the patient chart to the biorepository database.Finally, record the localization of the de-identified samples in the biorepository database, and move the samples to the research lab. Immediately after, transfer the tissue samples into 1.5 milliliter tubes, prefilled with appropriate extraction solutions, making sure the tissue is completely immersed. Store the samples at minus 80 degrees Celsius until further processing.Presented here are the images of representative Western blots of known squamous cell carcinoma markers, mucin one, FHL-one, and p40, obtained for adjacent normal tissue and a tumor sample. The quality of the RNA isolated from Mohs samples was first assessed using gel electrophoresis, followed by RNA integrity analysis. RNA integrity number values achieved for normal and tumor samples indicate that high quality and intact RNA was obtained.Cytometry profiles of the bands were plotted as fluorescence units versus nucleotide number for representative RNA samples from tumor and normal patient tissue. A squamous cell carcinoma tissue explant was imaged using phase contrast microscopy and shown to be a mixed keratinocyte and fibroblast culture, that might be subcultured or used for future cell line development. Finally, in the squamous cell carcinoma tissue sections, positive staining for the epithelial to mesenchymal transition marker was shown.Once mastered, this protocol will extend the standard work flow of the clinic staff to less than 30 minutes, if it is performed properly. The majority of the steps are performed by the existing clinical staff after patient care is completed. While attempting this protocol, it is important to maintain accurate record keeping, linking the samples with the patient's history and diagnosis.As this information is often needed for downstream applications. This technique will help pave the way for researchers in the field of dermatology for the development of liquid biopsies and biomarkers in squamous cell carcinomas and melanoma. After watching this video, you should have a good understanding of how to implement a clinic-based biorepository for cutaneous cancer samples, generated as part of daily practice.

establishment-of-a-clinic-based-biorepository

Research

JoVE Journal

Medicine

Minimally Invasive Establishment of Murine Orthotopic Bladder Xenografts

Orthotopic bladder cancer xenografts are the gold standard to study molecular cellular manipulations and new therapeutic agents&#160;in vivo. Suitable cell lines are inoculated either by intravesical instillation (model of nonmuscle invasive growth) or intramural injection into the bladder wall (model of invasive growth). Both procedures are complex and highly time-consuming. Additionally, the superficial model has its shortcomings due to the lack of cell lines that are tumorigenic following instillation. Intramural injection, on the other hand, is marred by the invasiveness of the procedure and the associated morbidity for the host mouse.
With these shortcomings in mind, we modified previous methods to develop a minimally invasive approach for creating orthotopic bladder cancer xenografts. Using ultrasound guidance we have successfully performed percutaneous inoculation of the bladder cancer cell lines UM-UC1, UM-UC3 and UM-UC13 into 50 athymic nude. We have been able to demonstrate that this approach is time efficient, precise and safe. With this technique, initially a space is created under the bladder mucosa with PBS, and tumor cells are then injected into this space in a second step. Tumor growth is monitored at regular intervals with bioluminescence imaging and ultrasound. The average tumor volumes increased steadily in in all but one of our 50 mice over the study period.
In our institution, this novel approach, which allows bladder cancer xenograft inoculation in a minimally-invasive, rapid and highly precise way, has replaced the traditional model.

The established technique to inoculate primary invasive orthotopic bladder cancer xenografts requires laparotomy and mobilization of the bladder. This procedure inflicts significant morbidity on the mice, is technically challenging and time-consuming. We therefore developed a high-precision, percutaneous approach utilizing ultrasound guidance.

쥐과 동 소성 방광 이종 이식의 최소 침습 설립

Orthotopic bladder cancer xenografts are the gold standard to study molecular cellular manipulations and new therapeutic agents&#160;in vivo. Suitable ...

연구

의학

Establishment of Human Epithelial Enteroids and Colonoids from Whole Tissue and Biopsy

The epithelium of the gastrointestinal tract is constantly renewed as it turns over. This process is triggered by the proliferation of intestinal stem cells (ISCs) and progeny that progressively migrate and differentiate toward the tip of the villi. These processes, essential for gastrointestinal homeostasis, have been extensively studied using multiple approaches. Ex vivo technologies, especially primary cell cultures have proven to be promising for understanding intestinal epithelial functions. A long-term primary culture system for mouse intestinal crypts has been established to generate 3-dimensional epithelial organoids. These epithelial structures contain crypt- and villus-like domains reminiscent of normal gut epithelium. Commonly, termed &#8220;enteroids&#8221; when derived from small intestine and &#8220;colonoids&#8221; when derived from colon, they are different from organoids that also contain mesenchyme tissue. Additionally, these enteroids/colonoids continuously produce all cell types found normally within the intestinal epithelium. This in vitro organ-like culture system is rapidly becoming the new gold standard for investigation of intestinal stem cell biology and epithelial cell physiology. This technology has been recently transferred to the study of human gut. The establishment of human derived epithelial enteroids and colonoids from small intestine and colon has been possible through the utilization of specific culture media that allow their growth and maintenance over time. Here, we describe a method to establish a small intestinal and colon crypt-derived system from human whole tissue or biopsies. We emphasize the culture modalities that are essential for the successful growth and maintenance of human enteroids and colonoids.

We describe a method to establish human enteroids from small intestinal crypts and colonoids from colon crypts collected from both surgical tissue and biopsies. In this methodological article, we present the culture modalities that are essential for the successful growth and maintenance of human enteroids and colonoids.

전체 조직과 조직 검사에서 인간 상피 Enteroids과 Colonoids 설립

The epithelium of the gastrointestinal tract is constantly renewed as it turns over. This process is triggered by the proliferation of intestinal stem ...

Establishment and Characterization of UTI and CAUTI in a Mouse Model

Urinary tract infections (UTI) are highly prevalent, a significant cause of morbidity and are increasingly resistant to treatment with antibiotics. Females are disproportionately afflicted by UTI: 50% of all women will have a UTI in their lifetime. Additionally, 20-40% of these women who have an initial UTI will suffer a recurrence with some suffering frequent recurrences with serious deterioration in the quality of life, pain and discomfort, disruption of daily activities, increased healthcare costs, and few treatment options other than long-term antibiotic prophylaxis. Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) is the primary causative agent of community acquired UTI. Catheter-associated UTI (CAUTI) is the most common hospital acquired infection accounting for a million occurrences in the US annually and dramatic healthcare costs. While UPEC is also the primary cause of CAUTI, other causative agents are of increased significance including Enterococcus faecalis. Here we utilize two well-established mouse models that recapitulate many of the clinical characteristics of these human diseases. For UTI, a C3H/HeN model recapitulates many of the features of UPEC virulence observed in humans including host responses, IBC formation and filamentation. For CAUTI, a model using C57BL/6 mice, which retain catheter bladder implants, has been shown to be susceptible to E. faecalis bladder infection. These representative models are being used to gain striking new insights into the pathogenesis of UTI disease, which is leading to the development of novel therapeutics and management or prevention strategies.

The ability to model urinary tract infections (UTI) is crucial in order to be able to understand bacterial pathogenesis and spawn the development of novel therapeutics. This work&#8217;s goal is to demonstrate mouse models of experimental UTI and catheter associated UTI that recapitulate and predict findings seen in humans.

마우스 모델의 설립 및 요로 감염 및 CAUTI의 특성

Urinary tract infections (UTI) are highly prevalent, a significant cause of morbidity and are increasingly resistant to treatment with antibiotics. ...

Establishment of a Segmental Femoral Critical-size Defect Model in Mice Stabilized by Plate Osteosynthesis

The use of tissue-engineered bone constructs is an appealing strategy to overcome drawbacks of autografts for the treatment of massive bone defects. As a model organism, the mouse has already been widely used in bone-related research. Large diaphyseal bone defect models in mice, however, are sparse and often use bone fixation which fills the bone marrow cavity and does not provide optimal mechanical stability. The objectives of the current study were to develop a critical-size, segmental, femoral defect in nude mice. A 3.5-mm mid-diaphyseal femoral ostectomy (approximately 25% of the femur length) was performed using a dedicated jig, and was stabilized with an anterior located locking plate and 4 locking screws. The bone defect was subsequently either left empty or filled with a bone substitute (syngenic bone graft or coralline scaffold). Bone healing was monitored noninvasively using radiography and in vivo micro-computed-tomography and was subsequently assessed by ex vivo micro-computed-tomography and undecalcified histology after animal sacrifice, 10 weeks postoperatively. The recovery of all mice was excellent, a full-weight-bearing was observed within one day following the surgical procedure. Furthermore, stable bone fixation and consistent fixation of the implanted materials were achieved in all animals tested throughout the study. When the bone defects were left empty, non-union was consistently obtained. In contrast, when the bone defects were filled with syngenic bone grafts, bone union was always observed. When the bone defects were filled with coralline scaffolds, newly-formed bone was observed in the interface between bone resection edges and the scaffold, as well as within a short distance within the scaffold. 
The present model describes a reproducible critical-size femoral defect stabilized by plate osteosynthesis with low morbidity in mice. The new load-bearing segmental bone defect model could be useful for studying the underlying mechanisms in bone regeneration pertinent to orthopaedic applications.

Although mouse models are invaluable tools for bone tissue engineering, models of long bone defects are sparse. This need motivated development of the present protocol which uses a locking plate with four screws and a dedicated jig to perform and stabilize a reproducible, femoral, critical-size defect with low morbidity.

마우스의 분절 대퇴 임계 크기 결함 모델의 설립은 플레이트 고정술에 의해 안정화

The use of tissue-engineered bone constructs is an appealing strategy to overcome drawbacks of autografts for the treatment of massive bone defects. As a ...

Establishment of a Severe Dry Eye Model Using Complete Dacryoadenectomy in Rabbits

Dry eye disease (DED) is a complex disease with multiple etiologies and variable symptoms, having ocular surface inflammation as its key pathophysiologic step. Despite advances in our understanding of DED, significant knowledge gaps remain. Advances are limited in part due to the lack of informative animal models. The authors recently reported on a method of DED induced by injecting all orbital lacrimal gland (LG) tissues with the lectin concanavalin A. Here, we report a novel model of aqueous-deficient DED based on the surgical resection of all orbital LG (dacryoadenectomy) tissues. Both methods use rabbits because of their similarity to human eyes in terms of the size and structure of the ocular surface. One week after removal of the nictitating membrane, the orbital superior LG was surgically removed under anesthesia, followed by removal of the palpebral superior LG, and finally removal of the inferior LG. Dacryoadenectomy induced severe DED, evidenced by a marked reduction in the tear break up time test and the Schirmer&#39;s tear test, and significantly increased tear osmolarity and rose bengal staining. Dacryoadenectomy-induced DED lasted at least eight weeks. There were no complications and animals tolerated the procedure well. The technique can be mastered relatively easily by those with adequate surgical experience and appreciation of the relevant rabbit anatomy. Since this model recapitulates the features of human aqueous-deficient DED, it is suitable for studies of ocular surface homeostasis, DED, and candidate therapeutics.

A novel approach is presented to induce chronic dry eye disease in rabbits by surgically removing all orbital lacrimal glands. This method, distinct from those previously reported, produces a stable, reproducible model of aqueous deficient dry eye well suited to study tear physiology and pathophysiology and ocular therapeutics.

토끼의 완전한 다크레오아데네절제술을 이용한 중증 안구건조증 모델 구축

Dry eye disease (DED) is a complex disease with multiple etiologies and variable symptoms, having ocular surface inflammation as its key pathophysiologic ...

Establishment and Evaluation of a Porcine Vein Graft Disease Model

Venous graft disease (VGD) is the leading cause of coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) failure. Large animal models of CABG-VGD are needed for the investigation of disease mechanisms and the development of therapeutic strategies. 
To perform the surgery, we enter the cardiac chamber through the third intercostal space and carefully dissect the internal mammary vein and immerse it in normal saline. The right main coronary artery is then treated for ischemia. The target vessel is incised, a shunt plug is placed, and the distal end of the graft vein is anastomosed. The ascending aorta is partially blocked, and the proximal end of the graft vein is anastomosed after perforation. The graft vein is checked for patency, and the proximal right coronary artery is ligated. 
CABG surgery is performed in minipigs to harvest the left internal mammary vein for its use as a vascular graft. Serum biochemical tests are used to evaluate the physiological status of the animals after surgery. Ultrasound examination shows that the proximal, middle, and distal end of the graft vessel are unobstructed. In the surgical model, turbulent blood flow in the graft is observed upon histological examination after the CABG surgery, and venous graft stenosis associated with intimal hyperplasia is observed in the graft. The study here provides detailed surgical procedures for the establishment of a repeatable CABG-induced VGD model.

In this protocol, novel pig vein bypass grafting was performed through a small incision in the left chest wall without cardiopulmonary bypass. A postoperative pathology study was done, which showed intimal thickening.

돼지 정맥 이식 질환 모델의 수립 및 평가

Venous graft disease (VGD) is the leading cause of coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) failure. Large animal models of CABG-VGD are needed for the ...

Establishment of a Simple and Effective Rat Model for Intraoperative Parathyroid Gland Imaging

Parathyroid gland (PG) identification is a critical unmet need in thyroidectomy. The identification of the PG is challenging in thyroid surgery as it is similar in color to the thyroid gland. The lack of effective animal models in preclinical research is a severe limitation for the development of PG identification techniques. This protocol allows for the establishment of a simple and effective rat model for PG identification. In this model, black iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) are injected locally in the thyroid gland and rapidly diffuse within the thyroid gland but not the PG. A negatively stained PG and a positively stained thyroid gland can be easily identified by the naked eye without requiring external microscopes. The position of the PG can be identified by increasing the color contrast between the thyroid gland and the PG, based on the color of the black IONPs. This rat model is low-cost and convenient for PG identification, and the IONPs are a novel PG contrast agent.

To date, the development of parathyroid gland (PG) identification methods is limited by the lack of animal models in preclinical research. Here, we establish a simple and effective rat model for intraoperative PG imaging and evaluate its effectiveness by using iron oxide nanoparticles as a novel PG contrast agent.

수술 중 부갑상선 영상촬영을 위한 간단하고 효과적인 쥐 모델 구축

Parathyroid gland (PG) identification is a critical unmet need in thyroidectomy. The identification of the PG is challenging in thyroid surgery as it is ...

RV Volume Overload 마우스 모델을 확립하기 위해 수정된 동정맥루 수술

Establishment and Confirmation of a Postnatal Right Ventricular Volume Overload Mouse Model

Right ventricular (RV) volume overload (VO) is common in children with congenital heart disease. In view of distinct developmental stages,the RV myocardium may respond differently to VO in children compared to adults. The present study aims to establish a postnatal RV VO model in mice using a modified abdominal arteriovenous fistula. To confirm the creation of VO and the following morphological and hemodynamic changes of the RV, abdominal ultrasound, echocardiography, and histochemical staining were performed for 3 months. As a result, the procedure in postnatal mice showed an acceptable survival and fistula success rate. In VO mice, the RV cavity was enlarged with a thickened free wall, and the stroke volume was increased by about 30%-40% within 2 months after surgery. Thereafter, the RV systolic pressure increased, corresponding pulmonary valve regurgitation was observed, and small pulmonary artery remodeling appeared. In conclusion, modified arteriovenous fistula (AVF) surgery is feasible to establish the RV VO model in postnatal mice. Considering the probability of fistula closure and elevated pulmonary artery resistance, abdominal ultrasound and echocardiography must be performed to confirm the model status before application.

저자 스포트라이트: Establishment and Confirmation of a Postnatal Right Ventricular Volume Overload Mouse Model(출생 후 우심실 용적 과부하 마우스 모델의 확립 및 확인)  

This protocol presents the establishment and confirmation of a postnatal right ventricular volume overload (VO) model in mice with abdominal arteriovenous fistula (AVF), which can be applied to investigate how VO contributes to postnatal heart development.