Name: neonatal murine cochlear explant technique as an in vitro screening tool in hearing research
Uploaded: 2017-06-08T15:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Neonatal Murine Cochlear Explant Technique as an In Vitro Screening Tool in Hearing Research at JoVE.com

Dette arbejde blev støttet af National Institute of Dovenhed og andre kommunikationsforstyrrelser tilskud R01DC015824 (KMS) og T32DC00038 (støtte SD), Department of Defense grant W81XWH-15-1-0472 (KMS), Bertarelli Foundation (KMS), Nancy Sayles Day Foundation (KMS) og Lauer Tinnitus Research Center (KMS). Vi takker Jessica E. Sagers, BA for indsigtige bemærkninger til manuskriptet.

Studieprotokollen blev godkendt af den institutionelle dyrepleje og brugskomité (IACUC) i Massachusetts Eye and Ear. Eksperimenter blev udført i henhold til Verdensmedicinske Forenings Code of Ethics. 1. Forberedelse af Dissection <ol><li> Forberedelse af kirurgisk bord <ol><li> Brug 70% ethanol til at desinficere det kirurgiske bord. </li><li> Placer to ikke-sterile præparater ved siden af ​​mikroskopet. </li><li> Klargør instrumentbrættet, herunder varmestiliser...

<ol>
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Forskere skal perfektere dissektionsteknikken inden udførelse af eksperimenter, der involverer cochleære eksplanteringsstoffer. Hårceller beskadiges almindeligvis under dissekationer, der udføres tidligt i læringskurven, og et særligt problematisk øjeblik for deres integritet er fjernelsen af ​​tectorialmembranen, som kræver stabile hænder, ordentlige værktøjer og erfaring. For at spare tid og ressourcer skal en visuel kontrol udføres under dissektionsmikroskopet, og potentielt beskadigede områder bør ...

Sensorineural Hearing Loss (SNHL) afspejler skader på det indre øre eller stigende auditiv vej. Mens høretab er det mest almindelige sensoriske underskud hos mennesker 1 , findes der ikke kurative terapier 2 . Selvom cochleære eller auditive hjernestammeimplantater kan genoprette en vis grad af hørelse hos patienter med alvorlig til dybden af ​​SNHL, er høreapparatet fra disse enheder stadig meget forskelligt fra &quot;naturlig&quot; hørelse, især under forsøg på at forstå tale i støj eller at høre musik. Mens hårcelledegenerering længe er betragtet som den primære konsekvens af traumatiske hørelser ( fx eksponering for kraftig støj), er der voksende tegn på, at synapserne, der transmitterer information fra hårceller til auditivnerven, er mindst lige så sårbare overfor akustisk traume 3 , 4 , 5 </sup<html> &gt; , 6 . Da menneskelige audiometriske tærskler, den nuværende guldstandard til evaluering af hørefunktion, ikke forudsiger specifik cellulær skade i det indre øre, er der brug for mere raffinerede værktøjer til at detektere cellulær degenerering så hurtigt som muligt og at indlede en passende behandling 7 . Lovende farmaceutiske behandlinger til høretab testes ofte på homogene cellekulturer in vitro , men sådanne systemer modelker ikke nøjagtigt det cochleære mikromiljø. Cochleære celler er kendt for at secernere trofiske faktorer, som påvirker andre celletyper i cochlea 8 , 9 , en afgørende in vivo- proces, der går tabt, når orginet fra Corti 10 , 11 eller Spiral Ganglion Neurons (SGNs) 12 dyrkes isoleret eller når Molekylære markører analyseresEf &quot;&gt; 13. Imidlertid kræver in vivo- undersøgelser, der kan være nødvendige for validering af in vitro- data til etablering af nye, personlige behandlinger for høretab i forfølgelsen af&quot; præcisionsmedicin &quot;betydelige ressourcer og tid. Dette er især relevant, når man overvejer Hvor meget indsats der kræves for at perfektere og udføre mellemøre eller runde membranindsprøjtninger med høretest og efterfølgende dissektering af cochleære helmuffer. Den effektive screening af lovende forbindelser i organotypiske ex vivo kulturer, der kaldes cochleære eksplanteringsmidler, giver et økonomisk og pålideligt alternativ 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 . Denne artikel beskriver en protokol, hvormed der genereres, vedligeholdes og evalueres behandlede cochleære eksplanteringsstoffer. Specifikke anvendelser til denne model understreges, herunder dens anvendelse i screeningenAf potentielt terapeutiske forbindelser og den sammenlignende evaluering af virale vektorer til genterapi. En ex vivo eksplosiv tilgang giver forskere mulighed for at visualisere virkningerne af en given behandling på forskellige cellepopulationer in situ , hvilket letter identifikationen af ​​celletypespecifikke mekanismer og efterfølgende forbedring af målrettede terapeutiske midler. Samlet set giver denne teknik en model til at studere cochlea ex vivo og samtidig bevare vital krydspredning mellem de meget forskellige celletyper, som eksisterer i cochlea.

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			<td>Ampicillin, Sodium Salt</td>
			<td>Invitrogen</td>
			<td>11593-027</td>
			<td></td>
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		<tr>
			<td>anti-CtBP2 antibody, mouse(IgG1)</td>
			<td>BD Transduction Laboratories</td>
			<td>612044</td>
			<td></td>
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		<tr>
			<td>anti-Myo7A antibody, rabbit</td>
			<td>Proteus Biosciences</td>
			<td>25-6790</td>
			<td></td>
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		<tr>
			<td>anti-NF-H antibody, chicken</td>
			<td>EMD Millipore</td>
			<td>AB5539</td>
			<td></td>
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		<tr>
			<td>anti-PSD95 antibody, mouse(IgG2a)</td>
			<td>Antibodies Inc.</td>
			<td>75-028</td>
			<td></td>
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		<tr>
			<td>anti-TuJ1 antibody, mouse</td>
			<td>BioLegend</td>
			<td>801202</td>
			<td></td>
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			<td>Cell-Tak Cell and Tissue Adhesive, 5 mg</td>
			<td>Corning</td>
			<td>354241</td>
			<td></td>
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		<tr>
			<td>CELLSTAR 15 ml Centrifuge Tubes, Conical bottom, Graduation, Sterile</td>
			<td>Greiner Bio-One</td>
			<td>188161</td>
			<td></td>
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		<tr>
			<td>CELLSTAR Cell Culture Dish, 100x20 mm</td>
			<td>Greiner Bio-One</td>
			<td>664160</td>
			<td></td>
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		<tr>
			<td>CELLSTAR Cell Culture Dish, 35x10 mm, four inner rings</td>
			<td>Greiner Bio-One</td>
			<td>627170</td>
			<td></td>
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		<tr>
			<td>CELLSTAR Cell Culture Dish, 60x15 mm</td>
			<td>Greiner Bio-One</td>
			<td>628160</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>CELLSTAR 50 ml Centrifuge Tubes, Conical bottom, Graduation, Sterile</td>
			<td>Greiner Bio-One</td>
			<td>227261</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Clear Nail Polish</td>
			<td>Electron Microscopy Sciences</td>
			<td>72180</td>
			<td></td>
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		<tr>
			<td>Clear Wall Glass Bottom Dishes (Glass 40mm), PELCO&#174;, Sleeve/20, 50x7 mm</td>
			<td>Ted Pella Inc.</td>
			<td>14027-20</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Coverslips, Round, Glass, 10 mm diameter, Thickness #1, 0.13-0.16mm</td>
			<td>Ted Pella Inc.</td>
			<td>260368</td>
			<td></td>
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			<td>DAPI (4&#39;,6-Diamidino-2-Phenylindole, Dihydrochloride)</td>
			<td>Thermo Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>D1306</td>
			<td></td>
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			<td>Distilled water, 500 ml</td>
			<td>Thermo Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>15230-162&#160;</td>
			<td></td>
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			<td>DMEM, high glucose, pyruvate, no glutamine, 500 ml</td>
			<td>Thermo Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>10313-039</td>
			<td></td>
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			<td>Dumont #4 Forceps</td>
			<td>Fine Science Tools</td>
			<td>11241-30</td>
			<td></td>
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			<td>Dumont #55 Forceps (Dumostar)</td>
			<td>Fine Science Tools</td>
			<td>11295-51</td>
			<td></td>
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			<td>Ethyl alcohol, Pure, 200 proof, anhydrous, &#8805;99.5%</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>459836-1L</td>
			<td></td>
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			<td>Fetal Bovine Serum, qualified, USDA-approved regions, 500 ml</td>
			<td>Thermo Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>10437-028&#160;</td>
			<td>Aliquot in 50 ml tubes and store in -20&#176;C freezer</td>
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		<tr>
			<td>Glutamate - GlutaMAX supplement, 100 ml</td>
			<td>Thermo Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>35050-061</td>
			<td></td>
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		<tr>
			<td>goat anti-chicken-647 secondary antibody</td>
			<td>Thermo Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>A-21469</td>
			<td></td>
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			<td>goat anti-mouse(IgG)-568 secondary antibody</td>
			<td>Thermo Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>A-11004</td>
			<td></td>
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		<tr>
			<td>goat anti-mouse(IgG1)-568 secondary antibody</td>
			<td>Thermo Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>A-21124</td>
			<td></td>
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		<tr>
			<td>goat anti-mouse(IgG2a)-488 secondary antibody</td>
			<td>Thermo Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>A-21131</td>
			<td></td>
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		<tr>
			<td>goat anti-rabbit-488 secondary antibody</td>
			<td>Thermo Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>R37116</td>
			<td></td>
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		<tr>
			<td>H2O, sterile, EmbryoMax Ultra Pure Water, 500ml</td>
			<td>EMD Millipore</td>
			<td>TMS-006-B</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>HBSS, calcium, magnesium, no phenol red, 500 ml</td>
			<td>Thermo Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>14025-092</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Instrument Tray with Lid Stainless Steel</td>
			<td>Mountainside Medical</td>
			<td>TechMed4255</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Micro (dissecting) knife &#8211; angled 30&#176;</td>
			<td>Fine Science Tools</td>
			<td>10056-12</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Microscope slides, VistaVision, color-coded, 75 x 25 mm (3 x 1&#34;), 1 mm thick, white, pack of 72</td>
			<td>VWR</td>
			<td>16004-382</td>
			<td></td>
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		<tr>
			<td>N-2 Supplement (100X), 5 ml</td>
			<td>Thermo Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>17502-048</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>NaHCO3, Sodium Bicarbonate 7.5% solution, 100 ml</td>
			<td>Thermo Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>25080-094</td>
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			<td>NaOH, sodium hydroxide solution, 1 l</td>
			<td>Thermo Fisher Scientific</td>
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			<td>Normal Horse Serum (NHS)</td>
			<td>Invitrogen</td>
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			<td>Roboz Surgical Instruments Co.</td>
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			<td>Paraformaldehyde, Reagent Grade, Crystalline</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
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			<td>Prior to use: Establish Standard Operating Procedures based on protocols available online</td>
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			<td>PBS, pH 7.4, 500 ml</td>
			<td>Thermo Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>10010-023&#160;</td>
			<td>Autoclave prior to use</td>
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			<td>Phalloidin, Alexa Fluor 568&#160;</td>
			<td>Thermo Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>A12380</td>
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			<td>Prep Pad, Non Sterile&#160;</td>
			<td>Medline</td>
			<td>05136CS</td>
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			<td>Safe-Lock Microcentrifuge Tubes, Polypropylene, 0.5 ml</td>
			<td>Eppendorf</td>
			<td>022363719</td>
			<td>Autoclave prior to use</td>
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			<td>Safe-Lock Microcentrifuge Tubes, Polypropylene, 1.5 ml</td>
			<td>Eppendorf</td>
			<td>022363204</td>
			<td>Autoclave prior to use</td>
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			<td>Scalpel Blades - #15</td>
			<td>Fine Science Tools</td>
			<td>10015-00</td>
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			<td>Scalpel Handle - #4</td>
			<td>Fine Science Tools</td>
			<td>10004-13</td>
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			<td>Stemi 2000-C Stereo Microscope</td>
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			<td>TCS SP5 confocal microscope</td>
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			<td>Triton-X (non-ionic surfactant)</td>
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			<td>VectaShield antifade mounting medium for fluorescence</td>
			<td>Vector Laboratories, Inc.</td>
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			<td>Zipper Bag, Reclosable, 4&#39;&#39; x 6&#39;&#39; - 2 mil. thick</td>
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neonatal murine cochlear explant technique as an in vitro screening tool in hearing research

Selv om der har været bemærkelsesværdige fremskridt med at høre forskning i de sidste årtier, er der stadig ingen kur mod Sensorineural Hearing Loss (SNHL), en tilstand, der typisk indebærer beskadigelse eller tab af de delikate mekanosensoriske strukturer i det indre øre. Sofistikeret in vitro- og ex vivo- assays er opstået i de seneste år, hvilket muliggør screening af et stigende antal potentielle terapeutiske forbindelser, samtidig med at ressourcerne minimeres og fremskyndet indsats for at udvikle kurer for SNHL. Selvom homogene kulturer af visse celletyper fortsat spiller en vigtig rolle i den nuværende forskning, er mange forskere nu afhængige af mere komplekse organotypiske kulturer af murine indre ører, også kendt som cochleære eksplanteringsstoffer. Bevarelsen af ​​organiserede cellulære strukturer i det indre øre letter in situevalueringen af ​​forskellige komponenter i den cochleære infrastruktur, herunder indre og ydre hårceller, spiral ganglion neuroner, neurItes og understøttende celler. Her præsenterer vi forberedelsen, kulturen, behandlingen og immunostaining af neonatale murine cochleære eksplanteringsmidler. Den omhyggelige forberedelse af disse eksplanterer letter identifikationen af ​​mekanismer, der bidrager til SNHL, og udgør et værdifuldt værktøj til høreforeningen.

Mens mange protokoller fokuserer på organer af Corti-eksplantater, forsøger denne teknik at bevare anatomien af ​​hele cochlear-svinget, herunder SGN&#39;erne. Dette giver forskere mulighed for at analysere virkningerne af en given behandling på neuritter og somata af SGN&#39;er ud over Corti-organet. Udførelse af en dissektion, der bevarer en del af modiolus, som beskrevet her, er mere teknisk udfordrende end at eksplantere Corti-orgelet alene. Neurit- og SGN-området er imidler...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Neonatal Murine Cochlear Explant Technique as an In Vitro Screening Tool in Hearing Research at JoVE.com

Neonatal Murine Cochlear Explant Technique as an In Vitro Screening Tool in Hearing Research

Formålet med denne protokol er at demonstrere forberedelse, kultur, behandling og immunostaining af neonatale murine cochleære eksplantater. Teknikken kan udnyttes som et in vitro- screeningsværktøj til høreforskning.

Neonatal Murine Cochlear Explant Technique som en<em&gt; In Vitro</em&gt; Screening Tool i Hearing Research

While there have been remarkable advances in hearing research over the past few decades, there is still no cure for Sensorineural Hearing Loss (SNHL), a ...

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