Name: neonatal murine cochlear explant technique as an in vitro screening tool in hearing research
Uploaded: 2017-06-08T15:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Neonatal Murine Cochlear Explant Technique as an In Vitro Screening Tool in Hearing Research at JoVE.com

Este trabalho foi apoiado pelos subsídios do Instituto Nacional de Surdez e Distúrbios da Comunicação R01DC015824 (KMS) e T32DC00038 (suporte de SD), o Departamento de Defesa concede W81XWH-15-1-0472 (KMS), a Fundação Bertarelli (KMS), o Nancy Sayles Day Foundation (KMS) e o Lauer Tinnitus Research Center (KMS). Agradecemos a Jessica E. Sagers, BA por comentários perspicazes sobre o manuscrito.

O protocolo do estudo foi aprovado pelo Comitê Institucional de Cuidados e Uso Animal (IACUC) do Massachusetts Eye and Ear. Os experimentos foram realizados de acordo com o Código de Ética da Associação Médica Mundial. 1. Preparando a dissecação <ol><li> Preparando a mesa cirúrgica <ol><li> Use etanol a 70% para desinfectar a mesa cirúrgica. </li><li> Coloque duas pastilhas não preparadas ao lado do microscópio. </li><li> Prepare a bandeja do instrumento, inclu...

<ol>
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M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Secreted+Factors+from+Human+Vestibular+Schwannomas+Can+Cause+Cochlear+Damage.">Secreted Factors from Human Vestibular Schwannomas Can Cause Cochlear Damage.</a> Sci Rep. 5, 18599 (2015).</li><li>Soares, V. Y., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Extracellular+vesicles+derived+from+human+vestibular+schwannomas+associated+with+poor+hearing+damage+cochlear+cells.">Extracellular vesicles derived from human vestibular schwannomas associated with poor hearing damage cochlear cells.</a> Neuro Oncol. , (2016).</li><li>Tong, M., Brugeaud, A., Edge, A. S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Regenerated+synapses+between+postnatal+hair+cells+and+auditory+neurons.">Regenerated synapses between postnatal hair cells and auditory neurons.</a> J Assoc Res Otolaryngol. 14 (3), 321-329 (2013).</li><li>Yuan, Y., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Ouabain-induced+cochlear+nerve+degeneration:+synaptic+loss+and+plasticity+in+a+mouse+model+of+auditory+neuropathy.">Ouabain-induced cochlear nerve degeneration: synaptic loss and plasticity in a mouse model of auditory neuropathy.</a> J Assoc Res Otolaryngol. 15 (1), 31-43 (2014).</li><li>Fernandez, K. A., Jeffers, P. W., Lall, K., Liberman, M. C., Kujawa, S. G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Aging+after+noise+exposure:+acceleration+of+cochlear+synaptopathy+in+&amp;#34;recovered&amp;#34;+ears.">Aging after noise exposure: acceleration of cochlear synaptopathy in &amp;#34;recovered&amp;#34; ears.</a> J Neurosci. 35 (19), 7509-7520 (2015).</li><li>Barclay, M., Constable, R., James, N. R., Thorne, P. R., Montgomery, J. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Reduced+sensory+stimulation+alters+the+molecular+make-up+of+glutamatergic+hair+cell+synapses+in+the+developing+cochlea.">Reduced sensory stimulation alters the molecular make-up of glutamatergic hair cell synapses in the developing cochlea.</a> Neuroscience. , 50-62 (2016).</li><li>Zinn, E., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=In+Silico+Reconstruction+of+the+Viral+Evolutionary+Lineage+Yields+a+Potent+Gene+Therapy+Vector.">In Silico Reconstruction of the Viral Evolutionary Lineage Yields a Potent Gene Therapy Vector.</a> Cell Rep. 12 (6), 1056-1068 (2015).</li><li>Wu, Z., Yang, H., Colosi, P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Effect+of+genome+size+on+AAV+vector+packaging.">Effect of genome size on AAV vector packaging.</a> Mol Ther. 18 (1), 80-86 (2010).</li><li>Shu, Y., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Identification+of+Adeno-Associated+Viral+Vectors+That+Target+Neonatal+and+Adult+Mammalian+Inner+Ear+Cell+Subtypes.">Identification of Adeno-Associated Viral Vectors That Target Neonatal and Adult Mammalian Inner Ear Cell Subtypes.</a> Hum Gene Ther. , (2016).</li><li>Kao, S. Y., Soares, V. Y., Kristiansen, A. G., Stankovic, K. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Activation+of+TRAIL-DR5+pathway+promotes+sensorineural+degeneration+in+the+inner+ear.">Activation of TRAIL-DR5 pathway promotes sensorineural degeneration in the inner ear.</a> Aging Cell. 15 (2), 301-308 (2016).</li></ol>

Os pesquisadores devem aperfeiçoar a técnica de dissecação antes de realizar experiências envolvendo explantes cocleares. As células do cabelo são comumente danificadas durante as dissecações realizadas no início da curva de aprendizado e um momento particularmente problemático para sua integridade é a remoção da membrana tectorial, que requer mãos firmes, ferramentas adequadas e experiência. Para economizar tempo e recursos, um controle visual deve ser realizado sob o microscópio de dissecação e áre...

Perda auditiva sensorial (SNHL) reflete dano ao ouvido interno ou via auditiva ascendente. Embora a perda de audição seja o déficit sensorial mais comum em humanos 1 , as terapias curativas ainda não existem 2 . Embora os implantes de tronco encefálicos cocleares ou auditivos possam restaurar algum grau de audição para pacientes com SNHL grave a profunda, a audiência fornecida por esses dispositivos ainda é muito diferente da audiência &quot;natural&quot;, especialmente durante as tentativas de entender a fala em ruído ou para ouvir música. Embora a degeneração de células ciliadas tenha sido considerada a principal conseqüência de eventos auditivos traumáticos ( por exemplo, exposição ao ruído alto), há evidências crescentes de que as sinapses que transportam informações de células ciliadas para o nervo auditivo são pelo menos tão vulneráveis ​​a trauma acústico 3 , 4 , 5 </sup<html> &gt; , 6 . Uma vez que os limiares audiométricos humanos, o padrão ouro atual para a avaliação da função auditiva, não prevêem danos celulares específicos na orelha interna, são necessárias ferramentas mais refinadas para detectar a degeneração celular o mais rápido possível e para iniciar um tratamento adequado 7 . Os tratamentos farmacêuticos promissores para a perda auditiva são freqüentemente testados em culturas celulares homogêneas in vitro , mas esses sistemas não modelam com precisão o microambiente coclear. Sabe-se que as células cocleares secretam fatores tróficos que influenciam outros tipos de células dentro da cóclea 8 , 9 , um processo in vivo crucial que se perde quando o órgão de Corti 10 , 11 ou Neurônios de Ganglion Espiral (SGNs) 12 são cultivados isoladamente ou quando Marcadores moleculares são analisados13. No entanto, estudos in vivo que podem ser necessários para a validação de dados in vitro para estabelecer novos tratamentos personalizados para a perda de audição na busca de &quot;medicina de precisão&quot; requerem recursos e tempo significativos. Isto é especialmente relevante quando se considera Quanto esforço é necessário para aperfeiçoar e realizar injeções de membrana de orelha média ou arredondada com testes auditivos e a subsequente dissecção de montagens inteiras cocleares. O rastreio eficiente de compostos promissores em culturas orgotípicas ex vivo conhecidas como explantes cocleares fornece uma alternativa econômica e confiável 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 . Este artigo detalha um protocolo para gerar, manter e avaliar explantes cocleares tratados. As aplicações específicas para este modelo são enfatizadas, incluindo seu uso na seleçãoDe compostos potencialmente terapêuticos e a avaliação comparativa de vetores virais para terapia genética. Uma abordagem de explante ex vivo permite aos pesquisadores visualizar os efeitos de um determinado tratamento em diferentes populações celulares in situ , facilitando a identificação de mecanismos específicos do tipo celular e o aprimoramento subseqüente de terapias específicas. No geral, esta técnica fornece um modelo para estudar a cóclea ex vivo, ao mesmo tempo em que preserva a conversação vital entre os tipos de células muito diferentes que coexistem dentro da cóclea.

<table border="1" fo:keep-together.within-page="1" fo:keep-with-next.within-page="always">
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>Ampicillin, Sodium Salt</td>
			<td>Invitrogen</td>
			<td>11593-027</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>anti-CtBP2 antibody, mouse(IgG1)</td>
			<td>BD Transduction Laboratories</td>
			<td>612044</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>anti-Myo7A antibody, rabbit</td>
			<td>Proteus Biosciences</td>
			<td>25-6790</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>anti-NF-H antibody, chicken</td>
			<td>EMD Millipore</td>
			<td>AB5539</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>anti-PSD95 antibody, mouse(IgG2a)</td>
			<td>Antibodies Inc.</td>
			<td>75-028</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>anti-TuJ1 antibody, mouse</td>
			<td>BioLegend</td>
			<td>801202</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Cell-Tak Cell and Tissue Adhesive, 5 mg</td>
			<td>Corning</td>
			<td>354241</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>CELLSTAR 15 ml Centrifuge Tubes, Conical bottom, Graduation, Sterile</td>
			<td>Greiner Bio-One</td>
			<td>188161</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>CELLSTAR Cell Culture Dish, 100x20 mm</td>
			<td>Greiner Bio-One</td>
			<td>664160</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>CELLSTAR Cell Culture Dish, 35x10 mm, four inner rings</td>
			<td>Greiner Bio-One</td>
			<td>627170</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>CELLSTAR Cell Culture Dish, 60x15 mm</td>
			<td>Greiner Bio-One</td>
			<td>628160</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>CELLSTAR 50 ml Centrifuge Tubes, Conical bottom, Graduation, Sterile</td>
			<td>Greiner Bio-One</td>
			<td>227261</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Clear Nail Polish</td>
			<td>Electron Microscopy Sciences</td>
			<td>72180</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Clear Wall Glass Bottom Dishes (Glass 40mm), PELCO&#174;, Sleeve/20, 50x7 mm</td>
			<td>Ted Pella Inc.</td>
			<td>14027-20</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Coverslips, Round, Glass, 10 mm diameter, Thickness #1, 0.13-0.16mm</td>
			<td>Ted Pella Inc.</td>
			<td>260368</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>DAPI (4&#39;,6-Diamidino-2-Phenylindole, Dihydrochloride)</td>
			<td>Thermo Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>D1306</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Distilled water, 500 ml</td>
			<td>Thermo Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>15230-162&#160;</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>DMEM, high glucose, pyruvate, no glutamine, 500 ml</td>
			<td>Thermo Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>10313-039</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Dumont #4 Forceps</td>
			<td>Fine Science Tools</td>
			<td>11241-30</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Dumont #55 Forceps (Dumostar)</td>
			<td>Fine Science Tools</td>
			<td>11295-51</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Ethyl alcohol, Pure, 200 proof, anhydrous, &#8805;99.5%</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>459836-1L</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Fetal Bovine Serum, qualified, USDA-approved regions, 500 ml</td>
			<td>Thermo Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>10437-028&#160;</td>
			<td>Aliquot in 50 ml tubes and store in -20&#176;C freezer</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Glutamate - GlutaMAX supplement, 100 ml</td>
			<td>Thermo Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>35050-061</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>goat anti-chicken-647 secondary antibody</td>
			<td>Thermo Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>A-21469</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>goat anti-mouse(IgG)-568 secondary antibody</td>
			<td>Thermo Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>A-11004</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>goat anti-mouse(IgG1)-568 secondary antibody</td>
			<td>Thermo Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>A-21124</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>goat anti-mouse(IgG2a)-488 secondary antibody</td>
			<td>Thermo Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>A-21131</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>goat anti-rabbit-488 secondary antibody</td>
			<td>Thermo Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>R37116</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>H2O, sterile, EmbryoMax Ultra Pure Water, 500ml</td>
			<td>EMD Millipore</td>
			<td>TMS-006-B</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>HBSS, calcium, magnesium, no phenol red, 500 ml</td>
			<td>Thermo Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>14025-092</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Instrument Tray with Lid Stainless Steel</td>
			<td>Mountainside Medical</td>
			<td>TechMed4255</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Micro (dissecting) knife &#8211; angled 30&#176;</td>
			<td>Fine Science Tools</td>
			<td>10056-12</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Microscope slides, VistaVision, color-coded, 75 x 25 mm (3 x 1&#34;), 1 mm thick, white, pack of 72</td>
			<td>VWR</td>
			<td>16004-382</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>N-2 Supplement (100X), 5 ml</td>
			<td>Thermo Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>17502-048</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>NaHCO3, Sodium Bicarbonate 7.5% solution, 100 ml</td>
			<td>Thermo Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>25080-094</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>NaOH, sodium hydroxide solution, 1 l</td>
			<td>Thermo Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>SS266-1</td>
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			<td>Normal Horse Serum (NHS)</td>
			<td>Invitrogen</td>
			<td>16050130</td>
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			<td>Roboz Surgical Instruments Co.</td>
			<td>RS-6806</td>
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			<td>Paraformaldehyde, Reagent Grade, Crystalline</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>P6148</td>
			<td>Prior to use: Establish Standard Operating Procedures based on protocols available online</td>
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			<td>PBS, pH 7.4, 500 ml</td>
			<td>Thermo Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>10010-023&#160;</td>
			<td>Autoclave prior to use</td>
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			<td>Phalloidin, Alexa Fluor 568&#160;</td>
			<td>Thermo Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>A12380</td>
			<td></td>
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			<td>Prep Pad, Non Sterile&#160;</td>
			<td>Medline</td>
			<td>05136CS</td>
			<td></td>
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		<tr>
			<td>Safe-Lock Microcentrifuge Tubes, Polypropylene, 0.5 ml</td>
			<td>Eppendorf</td>
			<td>022363719</td>
			<td>Autoclave prior to use</td>
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		<tr>
			<td>Safe-Lock Microcentrifuge Tubes, Polypropylene, 1.5 ml</td>
			<td>Eppendorf</td>
			<td>022363204</td>
			<td>Autoclave prior to use</td>
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		<tr>
			<td>Scalpel Blades - #15</td>
			<td>Fine Science Tools</td>
			<td>10015-00</td>
			<td></td>
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			<td>Scalpel Handle - #4</td>
			<td>Fine Science Tools</td>
			<td>10004-13</td>
			<td></td>
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			<td>Stemi 2000-C Stereo Microscope</td>
			<td>Zeiss&#160;</td>
			<td>000000-1106-133</td>
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			<td>TCS SP5 confocal microscope</td>
			<td>Leica</td>
			<td>N/A</td>
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			<td>Triton-X (non-ionic surfactant)</td>
			<td>Integra</td>
			<td>T756.30.30</td>
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		<tr>
			<td>VectaShield antifade mounting medium for fluorescence</td>
			<td>Vector Laboratories, Inc.</td>
			<td>H-1000</td>
			<td></td>
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			<td>Zipper Bag, Reclosable, 4&#39;&#39; x 6&#39;&#39; - 2 mil. thick</td>
			<td>Zipline</td>
			<td>0609132541599</td>
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</table>

neonatal murine cochlear explant technique as an in vitro screening tool in hearing research

Embora tenha havido avanços notáveis ​​na pesquisa auditiva nas últimas décadas, ainda não há cura para a Perda auditiva sensorial (SNHL), uma condição que tipicamente envolve danos ou perda das delicadas estruturas mechanosensoriais da orelha interna. Ensaios sofisticados in vitro e ex vivo surgiram nos últimos anos, permitindo a triagem de um número crescente de compostos potencialmente terapêuticos, minimizando os recursos e acelerando os esforços para desenvolver curas para SNHL. Embora as culturas homogêneas de certos tipos de células continuem a desempenhar um papel importante na pesquisa atual, muitos cientistas agora contam com culturas organotípicas mais complexas de orelhas internas murinas, também conhecidas como explantes cocleares. A preservação de estruturas celulares organizadas dentro da orelha interna facilita a avaliação in situ de vários componentes da infra-estrutura coclear, incluindo células ciliadas internas e externas, neurônios ganglionares espirais, neurItes, e células de apoio. Aqui apresentamos a preparação, a cultura, o tratamento e a imunocoloração de explantes cocleares murinos neonatais. A preparação cuidadosa desses explantes facilita a identificação de mecanismos que contribuem para o SNHL e constitui uma ferramenta valiosa para a comunidade de pesquisa auditiva.

Enquanto muitos protocolos se concentram no órgão dos explantes de Corti, essa técnica tenta preservar a anatomia de toda a curva coclear, incluindo os SGNs. Isso dá aos pesquisadores a oportunidade de analisar os efeitos de um determinado tratamento sobre neurites e somata de SGNs, além do órgão de Corti. Realizar uma dissecção que preserva parte do modiolus, como descrito aqui, é mais tecnicamente desafiador do que explantar o órgão de Corti sozinho. No entanto, a área de ...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Neonatal Murine Cochlear Explant Technique as an In Vitro Screening Tool in Hearing Research at JoVE.com

Neonatal Murine Cochlear Explant Technique as an In Vitro Screening Tool in Hearing Research

O objetivo deste protocolo é demonstrar a preparação, cultura, tratamento e imunocoloração de explantes cocleares murinos neonatais. A técnica pode ser utilizada como ferramenta de seleção in vitro na pesquisa auditiva.

Técnica de Explante Coclear Murino Neonatal como Ferramenta de Triagem In Vitro na Pesquisa Auditiva

While there have been remarkable advances in hearing research over the past few decades, there is still no cure for Sensorineural Hearing Loss (SNHL), a ...

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