Name: transvaginal mesh insertion in the ovine model
Uploaded: 2017-07-27T12:30:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Transvaginal Mesh Insertion in the Ovine Model at JoVE.com

感谢Ivan Laermans，Rosita Kinart，Ann Lissens（外科技术中心，比利时鲁汶KU Leuven）。 Jo Verbinnen和Kristof Reyniers（比利时鲁汶KU Leuven医学院Vesalius解剖学研究所）在实验过程中提供了技术支持。感谢Leen Mortier对数据和手稿管理的帮助。我们感谢FEG Textiltechniken制造原型网格，对其进行消毒，并无条件捐赠给研究机构。

该实验的伦理批准是从鲁汶大学动物实验伦理委员会（P065 / 2013）获得的。根据现行国家动物福利准则处理动物。 材料与实验动物<ol><li> 手术准备 <ol><li>在外科手术室中覆盖一张无菌悬垂的桌子，并准备一个无菌弯曲的套管针（ 图1 ， 图 A），无菌手术器械，缝合线和无菌纱布。如果实验包括随访，则在无菌条件下进行整个外科手术。将所有仪器放在?...

<ol>
	<li>Glazener, C., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Childbirth+and+prolapse:+Long-term+associations+with+the+symptoms+and+objective+measurement+of+pelvic+organ+prolapse.">Childbirth and prolapse: Long-term associations with the symptoms and objective measurement of pelvic organ prolapse.</a> BJOG An Int. J. Obstet. Gynaecol. 120 (2), 161-168 (2013).</li><li>Jia, X., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Efficacy+and+safety+of+using+mesh+or+grafts+in+surgery+for+anterior+and/or+posterior+vaginal+wall+prolapse:+systematic+review+and+meta-analysis.">Efficacy and safety of using mesh or grafts in surgery for anterior and/or posterior vaginal wall prolapse: systematic review and meta-analysis.</a> BJOG. 115 (11), 1350-1361 (2008).</li><li>Maher, C., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Transvaginal+mesh+or+grafts+compared+with+native+tissue+repair+for+vaginal+prolapse.">Transvaginal mesh or grafts compared with native tissue repair for vaginal prolapse.</a> Review. 2 (2), 10-13 (2016).</li><li>Nieminen, K., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Outcomes+after+anterior+vaginal+wall+repair+with+mesh:+a+randomized,+controlled+trial+with+a+3+year+follow-up.">Outcomes after anterior vaginal wall repair with mesh: a randomized, controlled trial with a 3 year follow-up.</a> Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 203 (3), e1-e8 (2010).</li><li>Abramowitch, S. D., Feola, A., Jallah, Z., Moalli, P. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Tissue+mechanics,+animal+models,+and+pelvic+organ+prolapse:+a+review.">Tissue mechanics, animal models, and pelvic organ prolapse: a review.</a> Eur. J. Obstet. Gynecol. Reprod. Biol. 144, S146-S158 (2009).</li><li>Couri, B., Lenis, A., Borazjani, A., Paraiso, M. F. R., Damaser, M. S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Animal+models+of+female+pelvic+organ+prolapse:+lessons+learned.">Animal models of female pelvic organ prolapse: lessons learned.</a> Expert Rev. Obs. Gynecol. 7 (3), 249-260 (2012).</li><li>Deprest, J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+biology+behind+fascial+defects+and+the+use+of+implants+in+pelvic+organ+prolapse+repair.">The biology behind fascial defects and the use of implants in pelvic organ prolapse repair.</a> Int. Urogynecol. J. Pelvic Floor Dysfunct. 17, S16-S25 (2006).</li><li>Ozog, Y., Mazza, E., De Ridder, D., Deprest, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Biomechanical+effects+of+polyglecaprone+fibers+in+a+polypropylene+mesh+after+abdominal+and+rectovaginal+implantation+in+a+rabbit.">Biomechanical effects of polyglecaprone fibers in a polypropylene mesh after abdominal and rectovaginal implantation in a rabbit.</a> Int. Urogynecol. J. 23 (10), 1397-1402 (2012).</li><li>Manodoro, S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Graft-related+complications+and+biaxial+tensiometry+following+experimental+vaginal+implantation+of+flat+mesh+of+variable+dimensions.">Graft-related complications and biaxial tensiometry following experimental vaginal implantation of flat mesh of variable dimensions.</a> BJOG. 120 (2), 244-250 (2013).</li><li>Endo, M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Cross-linked+xenogenic+collagen+implantation+in+the+sheep+model+for+vaginal+surgery.">Cross-linked xenogenic collagen implantation in the sheep model for vaginal surgery.</a> Gynecol. Surg. , 113-122 (2015).</li><li>Feola, A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Host+reaction+to+vaginally+inserted+collagen+containing+polypropylene+implants+in+sheep.">Host reaction to vaginally inserted collagen containing polypropylene implants in sheep.</a> Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 212 (4), e1-e474 (2015).</li><li>Barnhart, K. T., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Baseline+dimensions+of+the+human+vagina.">Baseline dimensions of the human vagina.</a> Hum. Reprod. 21 (6), 1618-1622 (2006).</li><li>Tayrac, R., Alves, A., Th&#233;rin, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Collagen-coated+vs+noncoated+low-weight+polypropylene+meshes+in+a+sheep+model+for+vaginal+surgery.+A+pilot+study.">Collagen-coated vs noncoated low-weight polypropylene meshes in a sheep model for vaginal surgery. A pilot study.</a> Int. Urogynecol. J. Pelvic Floor Dysfunct. 18 (5), 513-520 (2007).</li><li>Sobiraj, A., Busse, G., I, H. B. O. S. E. D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Ivastigation+into+the+blood+plasma+profiles+progesterone+in+sheep+sufferingform+vaignal+inversion+and+prolapse.">Ivastigation into the blood plasma profiles progesterone in sheep sufferingform vaignal inversion and prolapse.</a> Br. Vet. J. 142 (142), 218-223 (1986).</li><li>Reisenauer, C., Kirschniak, A., Drews, U., Wallwiener, D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Anatomical+conditions+for+pelvic+floor+reconstruction+with+polypropylene+implant+and+its+application+for+the+treatment+of+vaginal+prolapse.">Anatomical conditions for pelvic floor reconstruction with polypropylene implant and its application for the treatment of vaginal prolapse.</a> Eur. J. Obstet. Gynecol. Reprod. Biol. 131, 214-225 (2007).</li><li>Carey, M., Slack, M., Higgs, P., Wynn-Williams, M., Cornish, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Vaginal+surgery+for+pelvic+organ+prolapse+using+mesh+and+a+vaginal+support+device.">Vaginal surgery for pelvic organ prolapse using mesh and a vaginal support device.</a> BJOG An Int. J. Obstet. Gynaecol. 115 (3), 391-397 (2008).</li><li>Urbankova, I., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Comparative+anatomy+of+the+ovine+and+female+pelvis.">Comparative anatomy of the ovine and female pelvis.</a> Gynecol. Obstet. Invest. , (2016).</li><li>Maurer, M. M., R&#246;hrnbauer, B., Feola, a., Deprest, J., Mazza, E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Mechanical+biocompatibility+of+prosthetic+meshes:+A+comprehensive+protocol+for+mechanical+characterization.">Mechanical biocompatibility of prosthetic meshes: A comprehensive protocol for mechanical characterization.</a> J. Mech. Behav. Biomed. Mater. 40, 42-58 (2014).</li><li>Leval, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Novel+Surgical+Technique+for+the+Treatment+of+Female+Stress+Urinary+Incontinence.">Novel Surgical Technique for the Treatment of Female Stress Urinary Incontinence.</a> Transobturator Vaginal Tape Inside-Out. Eur. Urol. 44 (6), 724-730 (2003).</li><li>Reisenauer, C., Kirschniak, A., Drews, U., Wallwiener, D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Transobturator+vaginal+tape+inside-out.">Transobturator vaginal tape inside-out.</a> Eur. J. Obstet. Gynecol. Reprod. Biol. 127 (1), 123-129 (2006).</li><li>Bafghi, A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Bowel+perforation+as+late+complication+of+tension-free+vaginal+tape.">Bowel perforation as late complication of tension-free vaginal tape.</a> J Gynecol Obs. Biol Reprod. 34 (6), 606-607 (2005).</li><li>Hinoul, P., Vanormelingen, L., Roovers, J. P., de Jonge, E., Smajda, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Anatomical+variability+in+the+trajectory+of+the+inside-out+transobturator+vaginal+tape+technique+(TVT-O).">Anatomical variability in the trajectory of the inside-out transobturator vaginal tape technique (TVT-O).</a> Int. Urogynecol. J. Pelvic Floor Dysfunct. 18 (10), 1201-1206 (2007).</li><li>Schaller, O., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=.">.</a> Illustrated Veterinary Anatomical Nomenclature. , (2007).</li><li>. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Serious+Complications+Associated+with+Transvaginal+Placement+of+Surgical+Mesh+for+Pelvic+Organ+Prolapse.">Serious Complications Associated with Transvaginal Placement of Surgical Mesh for Pelvic Organ Prolapse.</a> FDA Safety Communication. , (2016).</li><li>Reinier, M., Groep, G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Final+Opinion+on+the+use+of+meshes+in+urogynecological+surgery.">Final Opinion on the use of meshes in urogynecological surgery.</a> SCENIHR- European Commission. , (2016).</li></ol>

在这里，我们描述了羊的实验过程，旨在模拟具有或不具有锚固臂的植入物的阴道解剖和经阴道网插入。后续的步骤和仪器通过POP和压力性尿失禁15，16，19，20进行的外科手术的启发。在初步的解剖学解剖之后，在实验中插入网孔时仍然存在一些问题。在第一只动物中，发现了一个穿孔在腹腔内的脱?...

盆腔器官脱垂在一半以上的妇女临床诊断，至少有一名阴道分娩，但从主观上讲，其中一半的女性整体感染1例 。治疗的主要是使用任一天然组织或植入材料手术重建，但每一种方法都有其局限性，包括复发或局部并发症2，3，4。理想的植入物尚未确定;因此，在向市场推出新产品和技术之前，对产品创新的持续需求以及开发临床前实验的适当管道。一个在此轨道中的步骤是在合适的动物模型5实验评估，6。理想情况下，它们应该模仿解剖，生物力学和生物环境。当谈到th对新型植入物的实验评估，通常在较小的模型中首先测试，用于生物相容性或重建腹壁缺陷。这种类型的实验受到批评，因为植入物没有插入感兴趣的区域（ 即阴道） 7 。阴道手术模型更为稀缺，当实验的目标是记录外植体的生物力学特征时，肯定是这样。因此，有一只兔从兔子移到了羊8 。成年母羊是大型动物模型，具有相当大小和可及的阴道。它们可被用于新的植入物的中期评估，并且能够再现阴道暴露与某些材料9，10，11，12，13。不仅尺寸和解剖学的阴道和盆底与人类相当，但也发生在发生在15％的母羊中的脱垂的自发性发生。脱出的危险因素是重叠的（ 即，multiparity，POP的既往史，增加更高的体重引起的腹内压或丘陵，且（植物）的雌激素效果可比放牧时）6，14。在欧洲，羊是唯一合理的选择，因为对非人灵长类动物的研究几乎完全被禁止。在这里，通过模拟使用套管针和导向器的植入物的经阴道插入，将网格进一步放置到正阴 - 阴道隔膜中，进一步模型。这之后，通过固定用带通过肌肉的韧带，其可以被认为等同于临床实践15,16臂锚定植入物。到目前为止，这种技术虽然许多人认为由于使用这些较长的条和/或解剖结构的刺穿可能会发生特定的并发症。 在早期详细的解剖学研究中，将卵巢盆底与女性骨盆17进行了比较。当涉及到植入物的锚固时，羊不具有骶棘状韧带，但它们确实具有非常发达和广泛的骶骨韧带。阴部神经在其上方运行，使得这个地标作为悬浮点不安全。相反，尾骨肌及其筋膜以及闭孔膜可通过直肠阴道空间进入。这里提出了用于固定锚固臂的解剖结构的进入和位置。讨论了可用于定位网格的仪器。最后，武器或套管针对相邻解剖结构（如血管和神经）的关系，a也有潜在的术中并发症。

<table border="1" fo:keep-together.within-page="1" fo:keep-with-next.within-page="always">
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>Animals:&#160;</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>parous female sheep (45 - 65 kg)</td>
			<td>Zo&#246;technical Institute of the KU Leuven</td>
			<td>NA</td>
			<td>experimetnal animal</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Sterile clothing:&#160;</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>sterile drape 45 x 75 cm</td>
			<td>Lohmann &#38; Rauscher, Regensdorf, Germany</td>
			<td>33002</td>
			<td>other material</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>sterile OR drape 150 x 180 cm</td>
			<td>Lohmann &#38; Rauscher, Regensdorf, Germany</td>
			<td>33009</td>
			<td>other material</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>sterile glowes 2x</td>
			<td>Lohmann &#38; Rauscher, Regensdorf, Germany</td>
			<td>16652</td>
			<td>other material</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>sterile surgical gown 2x</td>
			<td>Lohmann &#38; Rauscher, Regensdorf, Germany</td>
			<td>19342</td>
			<td>other material</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>surgical head cap 2x</td>
			<td>Lohmann &#38; Rauscher, Regensdorf, Germany</td>
			<td>17427</td>
			<td>other material</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>surgical face mask 2x</td>
			<td>Lohmann &#38; Rauscher, Regensdorf, Germany</td>
			<td>11983</td>
			<td>other material</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Other surgical material</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>implant</td>
			<td>FEG Textiltechnik GmbH, Aachen, Germany</td>
			<td>NA</td>
			<td>purposely designed implant</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>3/0 polypropylene suture</td>
			<td>Prolene, Ethicon, Diegem, Belgium</td>
			<td>8762H</td>
			<td>suture material</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>3/0 polygecaprone suture</td>
			<td>Vicryl, Ethicon</td>
			<td>J311H</td>
			<td>suture material</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>gauze swabs 10 x 10 cm 10x, 12-ply</td>
			<td>Lohmann &#38; Rauscher, Regensdorf, Germany</td>
			<td>11574</td>
			<td>other material</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>syringe 20 mL</td>
			<td>Becton Dickinsosn S.A., Madrid, Spain</td>
			<td>300613</td>
			<td>aqua-dissection</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>needle 16 gauge</td>
			<td>Terumo, Leuven, Belgium</td>
			<td>NN-2238R</td>
			<td>aqua-dissection</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Surgical equipment:</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>blade no.22</td>
			<td>Fine science isntruments, Heidelberg, Germany</td>
			<td>10022-00</td>
			<td>surgical instruments</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Allis tissue forceps 1x</td>
			<td>Fine science isntruments, Heidelberg, Germany</td>
			<td>11091-15</td>
			<td>surgical instruments</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Standart pattern forceps 1x2 theeth 1x</td>
			<td>Fine science isntruments, Heidelberg, Germany</td>
			<td>11023-14</td>
			<td>surgical instruments</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Standart pattern forceps straight serrated 1x</td>
			<td>Fine science isntruments, Heidelberg, Germany</td>
			<td>11000-14</td>
			<td>surgical instruments</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Scalpel handle 1x</td>
			<td>Fine science isntruments, Heidelberg, Germany</td>
			<td>10004-13</td>
			<td>surgical instruments</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Halstead-Mosquito forceps 2x</td>
			<td>Fine science isntruments, Heidelberg, Germany</td>
			<td>13008-12</td>
			<td>surgical instruments</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Standart pattern scissors 1x</td>
			<td>Fine science isntruments, Heidelberg, Germany</td>
			<td>14001-14</td>
			<td>surgical instruments</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Metzenbaum scissors 1x</td>
			<td>Fine science isntruments, Heidelberg, Germany</td>
			<td>14016-18</td>
			<td>surgical instruments</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Crile Wood needle holder 1x</td>
			<td>Fine science isntruments, Heidelberg, Germany</td>
			<td>12003-15</td>
			<td>surgical instruments</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Kell forceps 1x</td>
			<td>Fine science isntruments, Heidelberg, Germany</td>
			<td>13018-14</td>
			<td>surgical instruments</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Long Starr Self-Retaining Retractor with eight 5mm sharp stay hooks</td>
			<td>Cooper Surgical, Tumbull, USA</td>
			<td>3704</td>
			<td>surgical instruments</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Heaney Simon Vaginal Retractor</td>
			<td>Medical supplies &#38; equipments co., Katy, Texas, USA</td>
			<td>403-129FSI</td>
			<td>surgical instruments</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Trocar (Insnare)</td>
			<td>Bard, West Sussex, United Kingdom</td>
			<td>NA</td>
			<td>any trocar on market for transvaginal mesh implantation</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Medication:</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>amoxilicilline clavulanate 1000mg / 300 mL (Ampiciline)</td>
			<td>GSK, Wavre, Belgium</td>
			<td>NA</td>
			<td>antibiotics</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>buprenorfin 0.3 mg/mL + chlorocresol 1.35 mg/mL (Vetregesic)</td>
			<td>Ecuphar, Oostkamp, Belgium</td>
			<td>NA</td>
			<td>analgesia</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>ketamin HCL 100mg/mL (Ketamine 1000)</td>
			<td>Ceva Sante Animale, Brussels, Belgium</td>
			<td>NA</td>
			<td>anesthesia</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>isoflurane (IsoFlo)</td>
			<td>Abbott Laboratories Ltd, Maidenhead, Berkshire, UK</td>
			<td>NA</td>
			<td>anesthesia</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>polyvidone iodium 7.5% (Braunol)</td>
			<td>B. Braun Medical, Machelen, Belgium</td>
			<td>NA</td>
			<td>local desinfection</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>saline solution 500ml</td>
			<td>B. Braun Medical, Machelen, Belgium</td>
			<td>NA</td>
			<td>aqua-dissection</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Xxylazine HCl , 1 mL/50 kg&#160;</td>
			<td>Vexylan, Ceva Sante Animale, Belgium</td>
			<td>NA</td>
			<td>premedication</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>atropine Sulfate 15 mg/ml (),</td>
			<td>Viatris, Belgium</td>
			<td>NA</td>
			<td>premedication</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

transvaginal mesh insertion in the ovine model

该方案描述了使用单一的阴道切口技术将丝网插入到绵羊的直肠阴道隔膜中，在有和没有针刺引导下插入锚固臂。可汗绵羊进行直肠阴道隔膜的解剖，然后插入有或没有四个锚定臂的植入物，两者设计成适合羊的解剖结构。使用套管针和“外在”技术将锚固臂放置在适当位置。颅臂通过闭孔器，小腿肌和内收肌肌肉。尾部臂固定在骶骨韧带附近，通过尾骨肌肉。这种技术允许模仿在患有盆腔器官脱垂的妇女中进行的外科手术。解剖空间和元素容易识别。手术最关键的部分是插入颅内套管针，可以很容易地穿透腹膜腔或周围的盆腔器官。氏可以通过更广泛的腹膜后解剖和更多侧向引导套管针来避免。这种方法仅用于大型动物模型中的新型植入物的实验测试，因为临床上目前没有使用针灸引导插入。

管理在更长的观察设置 在外科手术之后，可以插入阴道包装（在手术后立即插入阴道中的盐水溶液浸泡的纱布包装）24小时以固定植入物位置。羊应该放在恢复笼中，其呼吸功能直到完全恢复。后来，它可以放置在稳定的羊，并允许其自由移动和喝酒， 自由进食 。阴道包装，如果存在，必须在手术后24小?...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Transvaginal Mesh Insertion in the Ovine Model at JoVE.com

Transvaginal Mesh Insertion in the Ovine Model

该方案描述了使用单一阴道切口技术在羊直肠阴道隔膜中进行网状植入，有无套管针引导插入锚固臂。

经阴道网格插入在牛模型中

This protocol describes mesh insertion into the rectovaginal septum in sheep using a single vaginal incision technique, with and without the trocar-guided ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Medicine

The Dimethylnitrosamine Induced Liver Fibrosis Model in the Rat

该二甲基亚硝胺诱发肝纤维化模型大鼠

Four to six week old, male Wistar rats were used to produce animal models of liver fibrosis. The process requires four weeks of administration of 10 mg/kg ...

科研

医学

Ovine Lumbar Intervertebral Disc Degeneration Model Utilizing a Lateral Retroperitoneal Drill Bit Injury

Ovine Lumbar椎间盘退变模型利用横向腹膜后位钻伤

Intervertebral disc degeneration is a significant contributor to the development of back pain and the leading cause of disability worldwide. Numerous ...

In Vitro Assays to Assess Blood-brain Barrier Mesh-like Vessel Formation and Disruption

In Vitro Assays to Assess Blood-brain Barrier Mesh-like Vessel Formation and Disruption

评估血脑屏障网状血管形成和破坏的体外测定

Blood-brain barrier (BBB) coverage plays a central role in the homeostasis of the central nervous system (CNS). The BBB is dynamically maintained by ...

Isometric Contractility Measurement of the Mouse Mesenteric Artery Using Wire Myography

用线 Myography 测定小鼠肠系膜动脉的等轴收缩力

The wire myograph technique is used to assess the contractility of vascular smooth muscles in response to depolarization, GPCR agonists/inhibitors and ...

Laparoscopic Repair of Para-Esophageal Hernia Using Absorbable Biosynthetic Mesh

使用可吸收的生物合成网格对副食管气喘进行拉帕罗镜修复

Para-esophageal hernia repairs are challenging procedures and there is no consensus on the optimal approach to repair. Mesh reinforcement has been ...

The Lower Body Positive Pressure Treadmill for Knee Osteoarthritis Rehabilitation

下体正压跑步机用于膝关节骨关节炎康复

Here, based on a clinician&rsquo;s point-of-view, we propose a two-model lower body positive pressure (LBPP) protocol (walking and squatting models) in ...

Intravitreal Injections in the Ovine Eye

绵羊眼玻璃体内注射

There are several methods for the delivery of therapeutic agents to the retina, including intravitreal (IVT), subretinal, suprachoroidal, periocular, or ...

Laparoscopic Non-Mesh Cerclage Pectopexy for Pelvic Organ Prolapse

腹腔镜非网片环扎胸肌固定术治疗盆腔器官脱垂

Pelvic organ prolapse (POP) is widespread among the female population and significantly impairs the patient's quality of life. It is important to restore ...

Neuronavigation and Laparoscopy Guided Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt Insertion for the Treatment of Hydrocephalus

神经导航和腹腔镜引导脑室腹腔分流插入治疗脑积水

Hydrocephalus is a common adult neurosurgical condition typically requiring treatment with a cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) shunt, of which the ...

Application of a New Mesh Fixation Method in Laparoscopic Incisional Hernia Repair

新型网片固定方法在腹腔镜切口疝修补术中的应用

Laparoscopic incisional hernia repair using intraperitoneal onlay mesh (IPOM) is one of the most widely used minimally invasive methods for repairing ...