Name: transvaginal mesh insertion in the ovine model
Uploaded: 2017-07-27T12:30:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Transvaginal Mesh Insertion in the Ovine Model at JoVE.com

우리는 Ivan Laermans, Rosita Kinart, Ann Lissens (외과 기술 센터, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium)에 감사드립니다. Jo Verbinnen과 Kristof Reyniers (벨기에 인스티튜트 해부학 연구소, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium)는 실험 도중 기술 지원을 제공했습니다. 데이터 및 원고 관리에 대한 도움을 주신 Leen Mortier에게 감사드립니다. 우리는 FEG Textiltechniken에 프로토 타입 메쉬 제작, 멸균 및 연구 무조건 기부에 감사드립니다.

이 실험에 대한 윤리적 승인은 KU Leuven의 동물 실험 윤리위원회 (P065 / 2013)에서 얻었습니다. 동물은 동물 복지에 관한 현재의 국가 지침에 따라 취급되었습니다. 1. 재료 및 실험 동물 <ol><li> 수술 준비 <ol><li> 외과 수술 극장에서 멸균 드레이프가있는 테이블을 덮고 멸균 굴곡 식 투관침 ( 그림 1 , 패널 A), 멸균 수술 도구, 봉합사 및 멸균 거즈를 준비하십시오. 실험?...

<ol>
	<li>Glazener, C., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Childbirth+and+prolapse:+Long-term+associations+with+the+symptoms+and+objective+measurement+of+pelvic+organ+prolapse.">Childbirth and prolapse: Long-term associations with the symptoms and objective measurement of pelvic organ prolapse.</a> BJOG An Int. J. Obstet. Gynaecol. 120 (2), 161-168 (2013).</li><li>Jia, X., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Efficacy+and+safety+of+using+mesh+or+grafts+in+surgery+for+anterior+and/or+posterior+vaginal+wall+prolapse:+systematic+review+and+meta-analysis.">Efficacy and safety of using mesh or grafts in surgery for anterior and/or posterior vaginal wall prolapse: systematic review and meta-analysis.</a> BJOG. 115 (11), 1350-1361 (2008).</li><li>Maher, C., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Transvaginal+mesh+or+grafts+compared+with+native+tissue+repair+for+vaginal+prolapse.">Transvaginal mesh or grafts compared with native tissue repair for vaginal prolapse.</a> Review. 2 (2), 10-13 (2016).</li><li>Nieminen, K., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Outcomes+after+anterior+vaginal+wall+repair+with+mesh:+a+randomized,+controlled+trial+with+a+3+year+follow-up.">Outcomes after anterior vaginal wall repair with mesh: a randomized, controlled trial with a 3 year follow-up.</a> Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 203 (3), e1-e8 (2010).</li><li>Abramowitch, S. D., Feola, A., Jallah, Z., Moalli, P. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Tissue+mechanics,+animal+models,+and+pelvic+organ+prolapse:+a+review.">Tissue mechanics, animal models, and pelvic organ prolapse: a review.</a> Eur. J. Obstet. Gynecol. Reprod. Biol. 144, S146-S158 (2009).</li><li>Couri, B., Lenis, A., Borazjani, A., Paraiso, M. F. R., Damaser, M. S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Animal+models+of+female+pelvic+organ+prolapse:+lessons+learned.">Animal models of female pelvic organ prolapse: lessons learned.</a> Expert Rev. Obs. Gynecol. 7 (3), 249-260 (2012).</li><li>Deprest, J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+biology+behind+fascial+defects+and+the+use+of+implants+in+pelvic+organ+prolapse+repair.">The biology behind fascial defects and the use of implants in pelvic organ prolapse repair.</a> Int. Urogynecol. J. Pelvic Floor Dysfunct. 17, S16-S25 (2006).</li><li>Ozog, Y., Mazza, E., De Ridder, D., Deprest, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Biomechanical+effects+of+polyglecaprone+fibers+in+a+polypropylene+mesh+after+abdominal+and+rectovaginal+implantation+in+a+rabbit.">Biomechanical effects of polyglecaprone fibers in a polypropylene mesh after abdominal and rectovaginal implantation in a rabbit.</a> Int. Urogynecol. J. 23 (10), 1397-1402 (2012).</li><li>Manodoro, S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Graft-related+complications+and+biaxial+tensiometry+following+experimental+vaginal+implantation+of+flat+mesh+of+variable+dimensions.">Graft-related complications and biaxial tensiometry following experimental vaginal implantation of flat mesh of variable dimensions.</a> BJOG. 120 (2), 244-250 (2013).</li><li>Endo, M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Cross-linked+xenogenic+collagen+implantation+in+the+sheep+model+for+vaginal+surgery.">Cross-linked xenogenic collagen implantation in the sheep model for vaginal surgery.</a> Gynecol. Surg. , 113-122 (2015).</li><li>Feola, A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Host+reaction+to+vaginally+inserted+collagen+containing+polypropylene+implants+in+sheep.">Host reaction to vaginally inserted collagen containing polypropylene implants in sheep.</a> Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 212 (4), e1-e474 (2015).</li><li>Barnhart, K. T., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Baseline+dimensions+of+the+human+vagina.">Baseline dimensions of the human vagina.</a> Hum. Reprod. 21 (6), 1618-1622 (2006).</li><li>Tayrac, R., Alves, A., Th&#233;rin, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Collagen-coated+vs+noncoated+low-weight+polypropylene+meshes+in+a+sheep+model+for+vaginal+surgery.+A+pilot+study.">Collagen-coated vs noncoated low-weight polypropylene meshes in a sheep model for vaginal surgery. A pilot study.</a> Int. Urogynecol. J. Pelvic Floor Dysfunct. 18 (5), 513-520 (2007).</li><li>Sobiraj, A., Busse, G., I, H. B. O. S. E. D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Ivastigation+into+the+blood+plasma+profiles+progesterone+in+sheep+sufferingform+vaignal+inversion+and+prolapse.">Ivastigation into the blood plasma profiles progesterone in sheep sufferingform vaignal inversion and prolapse.</a> Br. Vet. J. 142 (142), 218-223 (1986).</li><li>Reisenauer, C., Kirschniak, A., Drews, U., Wallwiener, D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Anatomical+conditions+for+pelvic+floor+reconstruction+with+polypropylene+implant+and+its+application+for+the+treatment+of+vaginal+prolapse.">Anatomical conditions for pelvic floor reconstruction with polypropylene implant and its application for the treatment of vaginal prolapse.</a> Eur. J. Obstet. Gynecol. Reprod. Biol. 131, 214-225 (2007).</li><li>Carey, M., Slack, M., Higgs, P., Wynn-Williams, M., Cornish, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Vaginal+surgery+for+pelvic+organ+prolapse+using+mesh+and+a+vaginal+support+device.">Vaginal surgery for pelvic organ prolapse using mesh and a vaginal support device.</a> BJOG An Int. J. Obstet. Gynaecol. 115 (3), 391-397 (2008).</li><li>Urbankova, I., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Comparative+anatomy+of+the+ovine+and+female+pelvis.">Comparative anatomy of the ovine and female pelvis.</a> Gynecol. Obstet. Invest. , (2016).</li><li>Maurer, M. M., R&#246;hrnbauer, B., Feola, a., Deprest, J., Mazza, E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Mechanical+biocompatibility+of+prosthetic+meshes:+A+comprehensive+protocol+for+mechanical+characterization.">Mechanical biocompatibility of prosthetic meshes: A comprehensive protocol for mechanical characterization.</a> J. Mech. Behav. Biomed. Mater. 40, 42-58 (2014).</li><li>Leval, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Novel+Surgical+Technique+for+the+Treatment+of+Female+Stress+Urinary+Incontinence.">Novel Surgical Technique for the Treatment of Female Stress Urinary Incontinence.</a> Transobturator Vaginal Tape Inside-Out. Eur. Urol. 44 (6), 724-730 (2003).</li><li>Reisenauer, C., Kirschniak, A., Drews, U., Wallwiener, D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Transobturator+vaginal+tape+inside-out.">Transobturator vaginal tape inside-out.</a> Eur. J. Obstet. Gynecol. Reprod. Biol. 127 (1), 123-129 (2006).</li><li>Bafghi, A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Bowel+perforation+as+late+complication+of+tension-free+vaginal+tape.">Bowel perforation as late complication of tension-free vaginal tape.</a> J Gynecol Obs. Biol Reprod. 34 (6), 606-607 (2005).</li><li>Hinoul, P., Vanormelingen, L., Roovers, J. P., de Jonge, E., Smajda, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Anatomical+variability+in+the+trajectory+of+the+inside-out+transobturator+vaginal+tape+technique+(TVT-O).">Anatomical variability in the trajectory of the inside-out transobturator vaginal tape technique (TVT-O).</a> Int. Urogynecol. J. Pelvic Floor Dysfunct. 18 (10), 1201-1206 (2007).</li><li>Schaller, O., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=.">.</a> Illustrated Veterinary Anatomical Nomenclature. , (2007).</li><li>. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Serious+Complications+Associated+with+Transvaginal+Placement+of+Surgical+Mesh+for+Pelvic+Organ+Prolapse.">Serious Complications Associated with Transvaginal Placement of Surgical Mesh for Pelvic Organ Prolapse.</a> FDA Safety Communication. , (2016).</li><li>Reinier, M., Groep, G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Final+Opinion+on+the+use+of+meshes+in+urogynecological+surgery.">Final Opinion on the use of meshes in urogynecological surgery.</a> SCENIHR- European Commission. , (2016).</li></ol>

여기에서는 고정 암을 사용하거나 사용하지 않고 임플란트의 질식 해부 및 질식 메쉬 삽입을 모방하기위한 양의 실험 절차에 대해 설명합니다. 후속 단계와 도구는 POP 및 스트레스 요실금 15 , 16 , 19 , 20에 대한 수술 절차에서 영감을 받았습니다. 초기 해부학 적 절개 후, 실험적인 메쉬 삽입 중 몇 가?...

골반 장기 탈출증은 임상 적으로 적어도 하나의 질식 분만을 한 여성의 절반으로 진단되어 있지만, 주관적, 그것은 (1) 전체 여성의 절반을 귀찮게. 치료의 주된 요소는 토종 조직이나 임플란트 재료를 이용한 외과 수술 재건이지만 재발이나 국소 적 합병증 2 , 3 , 4 등의 한계가 있습니다. 이상적인 임플란트는 아직 확인되지 않았습니다. 따라서 시장에 새로운 제품과 기술을 도입하기 전에 제품 혁신과 전임상 실험을위한 적절한 파이프 라인 개발에 대한 지속적인 요구가 있습니다. 이 트랙의 단계 중 하나는 적합한 동물 모델 5 , 6 에 대한 실험적 평가입니다. 이상적으로는 해부학 적, 생체 역학 및 생물학적 환경을 모방해야합니다. th에 관해서새로운 임플란트에 대한 실험적 평가는 일반적으로 생체 적합성 또는 복부 벽 결함의 재건을 위해 더 작은 모델에서 먼저 테스트됩니다. 임플란트는 관심 영역 (즉, 질) (7)에 삽입되지 않기 때문에 실험의 종류는 비판을 받아왔다. 질 수술 모델은 실험의 목표가 체외 이식편의 생체 역학적 특성을 문서화하는 것이 분명 할 때 더 희소합니다. 이런 이유로 토끼에서 양에게로 옮겨갔습니다 8 . 성충은 크기가 크고 접근 가능한 질이있는 큰 동물 모델입니다. 그들은 새로운 임플란트의 중간 평가에 사용될 수 있으며, 특정 물질 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13로 질 노출을 재현 할 수 있습니다. 치수 및 해부학뿐만 아니라양의 질 및 골반저의 밀도는 인간의 것과 비슷하지만, 자궁 내 출혈의 자연 발생률은 15 %에서 발생합니다. Prolapse 위험 요소는 중첩되어있다 ( 예 : 다발성, POP의 이전 병력, 높은 몸무게에 의한 또는 언덕에서 방목했을 때의 복강 내압 증가 및 (식물성) 에스트로겐의 유사한 효과) 6 , 14 . 유럽에서는 비 - 인간 영장류에 대한 연구가 거의 완전히 금지되어 양이 유일한 합리적인 대안입니다. 이 모델은 횡격막과 중격에 메쉬가 인장없이 삽입되도록 트로 커와 가이드를 사용하여 임플란트의 질식 삽입을 모방하여 한 걸음 더 나아갔습니다. 그 다음에는 임플란트를 근육의 인대를 통해 고정시키는 방법을 사용하여 고정 시켰는데, 이는 임상 실습 15 , 16 과 동등한 것으로 간주 될 수 있습니다. 지금까지이 기법많은 사람들이 이러한 긴 스트립의 사용 및 / 또는 해부학 적 구조물의 피어싱으로 인해 특정 합병증이 발생할 수 있다고 생각하지만 연구되지 않았습니다. 이전의 상세한 해부학 연구에서, 양의 골반 바닥은 여성의 골반 17 과 비교되었습니다. 임플란트 고정에 관해서는 양들은 신 경주 인대가 없지만 매우 잘 발달 된 광범위한 sacrotuberous ligament를 가지고 있습니다. 음부 신경은 그 위로 통 주위로 달려있어이 경계표를 정지 지점으로 사용하는 것은 안전하지 못합니다. 반대로, coccygeus 근육과 그 근막뿐만 아니라 폐쇄 막은 직구 공간을 통해 접근 할 수 있습니다. 여기에서는 앵커 팔을 고정하기위한 해부학 구조의 접근 및 위치가 제안됩니다. 메쉬의 위치를 ​​정하는 데 사용할 수있는 도구에 대해 설명합니다. 마지막으로, 혈관과 신경과 같은 인접한 해부학 적 구조물에 대한 팔 또는 외과의의 관계는잠재적 인 수술 중 합병증 인 것으로도 설명된다.

<table border="1" fo:keep-together.within-page="1" fo:keep-with-next.within-page="always">
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>Animals:&#160;</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>parous female sheep (45 - 65 kg)</td>
			<td>Zo&#246;technical Institute of the KU Leuven</td>
			<td>NA</td>
			<td>experimetnal animal</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Sterile clothing:&#160;</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>sterile drape 45 x 75 cm</td>
			<td>Lohmann &#38; Rauscher, Regensdorf, Germany</td>
			<td>33002</td>
			<td>other material</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>sterile OR drape 150 x 180 cm</td>
			<td>Lohmann &#38; Rauscher, Regensdorf, Germany</td>
			<td>33009</td>
			<td>other material</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>sterile glowes 2x</td>
			<td>Lohmann &#38; Rauscher, Regensdorf, Germany</td>
			<td>16652</td>
			<td>other material</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>sterile surgical gown 2x</td>
			<td>Lohmann &#38; Rauscher, Regensdorf, Germany</td>
			<td>19342</td>
			<td>other material</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>surgical head cap 2x</td>
			<td>Lohmann &#38; Rauscher, Regensdorf, Germany</td>
			<td>17427</td>
			<td>other material</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>surgical face mask 2x</td>
			<td>Lohmann &#38; Rauscher, Regensdorf, Germany</td>
			<td>11983</td>
			<td>other material</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Other surgical material</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>implant</td>
			<td>FEG Textiltechnik GmbH, Aachen, Germany</td>
			<td>NA</td>
			<td>purposely designed implant</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>3/0 polypropylene suture</td>
			<td>Prolene, Ethicon, Diegem, Belgium</td>
			<td>8762H</td>
			<td>suture material</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>3/0 polygecaprone suture</td>
			<td>Vicryl, Ethicon</td>
			<td>J311H</td>
			<td>suture material</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>gauze swabs 10 x 10 cm 10x, 12-ply</td>
			<td>Lohmann &#38; Rauscher, Regensdorf, Germany</td>
			<td>11574</td>
			<td>other material</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>syringe 20 mL</td>
			<td>Becton Dickinsosn S.A., Madrid, Spain</td>
			<td>300613</td>
			<td>aqua-dissection</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>needle 16 gauge</td>
			<td>Terumo, Leuven, Belgium</td>
			<td>NN-2238R</td>
			<td>aqua-dissection</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Surgical equipment:</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>blade no.22</td>
			<td>Fine science isntruments, Heidelberg, Germany</td>
			<td>10022-00</td>
			<td>surgical instruments</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Allis tissue forceps 1x</td>
			<td>Fine science isntruments, Heidelberg, Germany</td>
			<td>11091-15</td>
			<td>surgical instruments</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Standart pattern forceps 1x2 theeth 1x</td>
			<td>Fine science isntruments, Heidelberg, Germany</td>
			<td>11023-14</td>
			<td>surgical instruments</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Standart pattern forceps straight serrated 1x</td>
			<td>Fine science isntruments, Heidelberg, Germany</td>
			<td>11000-14</td>
			<td>surgical instruments</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Scalpel handle 1x</td>
			<td>Fine science isntruments, Heidelberg, Germany</td>
			<td>10004-13</td>
			<td>surgical instruments</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Halstead-Mosquito forceps 2x</td>
			<td>Fine science isntruments, Heidelberg, Germany</td>
			<td>13008-12</td>
			<td>surgical instruments</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Standart pattern scissors 1x</td>
			<td>Fine science isntruments, Heidelberg, Germany</td>
			<td>14001-14</td>
			<td>surgical instruments</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Metzenbaum scissors 1x</td>
			<td>Fine science isntruments, Heidelberg, Germany</td>
			<td>14016-18</td>
			<td>surgical instruments</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Crile Wood needle holder 1x</td>
			<td>Fine science isntruments, Heidelberg, Germany</td>
			<td>12003-15</td>
			<td>surgical instruments</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Kell forceps 1x</td>
			<td>Fine science isntruments, Heidelberg, Germany</td>
			<td>13018-14</td>
			<td>surgical instruments</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Long Starr Self-Retaining Retractor with eight 5mm sharp stay hooks</td>
			<td>Cooper Surgical, Tumbull, USA</td>
			<td>3704</td>
			<td>surgical instruments</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Heaney Simon Vaginal Retractor</td>
			<td>Medical supplies &#38; equipments co., Katy, Texas, USA</td>
			<td>403-129FSI</td>
			<td>surgical instruments</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Trocar (Insnare)</td>
			<td>Bard, West Sussex, United Kingdom</td>
			<td>NA</td>
			<td>any trocar on market for transvaginal mesh implantation</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Medication:</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>amoxilicilline clavulanate 1000mg / 300 mL (Ampiciline)</td>
			<td>GSK, Wavre, Belgium</td>
			<td>NA</td>
			<td>antibiotics</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>buprenorfin 0.3 mg/mL + chlorocresol 1.35 mg/mL (Vetregesic)</td>
			<td>Ecuphar, Oostkamp, Belgium</td>
			<td>NA</td>
			<td>analgesia</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>ketamin HCL 100mg/mL (Ketamine 1000)</td>
			<td>Ceva Sante Animale, Brussels, Belgium</td>
			<td>NA</td>
			<td>anesthesia</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>isoflurane (IsoFlo)</td>
			<td>Abbott Laboratories Ltd, Maidenhead, Berkshire, UK</td>
			<td>NA</td>
			<td>anesthesia</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>polyvidone iodium 7.5% (Braunol)</td>
			<td>B. Braun Medical, Machelen, Belgium</td>
			<td>NA</td>
			<td>local desinfection</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>saline solution 500ml</td>
			<td>B. Braun Medical, Machelen, Belgium</td>
			<td>NA</td>
			<td>aqua-dissection</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Xxylazine HCl , 1 mL/50 kg&#160;</td>
			<td>Vexylan, Ceva Sante Animale, Belgium</td>
			<td>NA</td>
			<td>premedication</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>atropine Sulfate 15 mg/ml (),</td>
			<td>Viatris, Belgium</td>
			<td>NA</td>
			<td>premedication</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

transvaginal mesh insertion in the ovine model

이 프로토콜은 앵커 팔의 트로 카 가이드 삽입 여부에 관계없이 단일 질 절개 기법을 사용하여 양의 직사각형 중격에 메쉬 삽입을 설명합니다. Parous sheep은 rectovaginal septum의 절개를 시행 한 다음, 양측의 고정 팔을 갖거나 갖지 않은 채 임플란트를 삽입하여 양측의 해부학 구조에 맞게 설계되었습니다. 앵커링 암은 트로 카 (trocar)와 &quot;바깥 쪽 (outside-in)&quot;기술을 사용하여 제자리에 고정되었습니다. 두개골 팔은 폐색기, gracilis 및 전두근의 magnus 근육을 통과했다. 꼬리 팔은 엉덩이 근육을 통해 sacrotuberous 인대 근처에 고정되었다. 이 기술은 골반 장기 탈출증을 앓고있는 여성에서 수행되는 외과 수술의 모방을 허용합니다. 해부학 적 공간과 요소는 쉽게 식별됩니다. 가장 중요한 부분은 복막 투석기를 삽입하는 것인데, 이는 복막강이나 주변 골반 장기에 쉽게 침투 할 수 있습니다. 티보다 광범위한 후 복막 절개와 트로 카를 더 옆으로 유도함으로써 피할 수 있습니다. 이 접근법은 trocar 유도 삽입이 현재 임상 적으로 사용되지 않기 때문에 대형 동물 모델에서 신규 임플란트의 실험적 테스트를 위해서만 설계되었습니다.

장기 관찰 설정 관리 외과 수술 후, 질 패킹 (수술 직후 질 내에 삽입 된 식염수 용액 담금질 거즈 패키지)을 삽입하여 24 시간 동안 임플란트 위치를 고정 할 수 있습니다. 양은 회복 장치에 넣고 호흡 기능을 회복시켜야합니다. 나중에, 안정의 양을 배치하고 자유롭게 이동할 수 있도록 광고 임의로 마시고 ...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Transvaginal Mesh Insertion in the Ovine Model at JoVE.com

Transvaginal Mesh Insertion in the Ovine Model

이 프로토콜은 앵커 팔을 트로 카 가이드 방식으로 삽입하거나 삽입하지 않고 단일 질식 절개 기법을 사용하여 양의 직구 중간 격벽에서의 메쉬 삽입을 설명합니다.

양돈장 모델에서의 질식 삽입

This protocol describes mesh insertion into the rectovaginal septum in sheep using a single vaginal incision technique, with and without the trocar-guided ...

The overall goal of this experimental surgical procedure is to use a single vaginal incision to implant mesh into the recto vaginal septum, with or without trocar guided insertion of the anchoring arms. The sheep is a useful model as the ovine pelvic floor experiences similar changes to those that occur during human childbirth, and as the sheep dimensions permit comparable surgical interventions. The main advantage of this technique is that it uses a widely available non primate large animal model that makes a clinically implemented surgical approach to transvaginal implantation.Though this method can provide insight into the surgical treatment of pelvic organ prolapse with implants it can also be applied to other surgical techniques, like native tissue repair. Visual demonstration of this method is critical, as it is difficult to teach these surgical techniques without being able to observe them. After confirming that the sheep is sleepy and lethargic, place the animal in the lithotomy position on the end of the surgical table and use ropes to secure the limbs with the hips in hyperflexion.Next, push transvaginally on the bladder to empty the organ and manually empty the rectum, followed by shaving of the perineum, the medial area of the thigh, and the tail folds. Disinfect the exposed skin with 7.5%povidone iodium and after donning the appropriate personal protective equipment cover the animal with a sterile drape, with an opening above the genital hiatus. Use allis forceps to grasp the dorsal vaginal wall three centimeters cranial to the hymenal ring.Then, use a 10 milliliter syringe loaded with a 22 gauge needle to inject saline three to four millimeters under the vaginal epithelium along the mid line of the recto vaginal septum 1.5 centimeters cranial to the hymenal ring. Aqua dissect the vaginal tissue by injecting the saline into the recto vaginal septum. Then use a scalpel to make a three centimeter long mid line incision on the vaginal epithelium starting caudal to the allis forceps and ending at the hymenal ring.Hold the incision open with a self retaining retractor over the perineum and four sharp stay hooks. Then use your index to bluntly dissect the recto vaginal fascia from the vaginal wall laterally toward the pelvic side walls and cranially up to the caudal aspect of the cul-de-sac. At this point, you can insert either the rectangular implant or continue with dissection to insert the implant with anchoring arms.When a suitable space has been created for the 30 by 40 millimeter flat mesh insert a vaginal retractor into the incision and use a simple interrupted three oh polypropylene suture on the left and right sides of the most cranial aspect of the dissected recto vaginal space to suture the left and right cranial corner of the implant. Trim the residual suture material and add one additional simple interrupted suture midway along the cranial aspect of the implant. Suture the lateral edges of the implant midway onto the surrounding connective tissue, with a simple interrupted three oh polypropylene suture.Suture the left and right caudal corners with simple interrupted three oh polypropylene sutures on the left and right sides of the most caudal aspect of the recto vaginal space. Then add one additional simple interrupted suture midway along the caudal aspect of the implant, and close the vaginal incisions with a running three oh polyglactin suture, which will be shown at the end of the video. This is another operation.Alternatively, one can continue the recto vaginal space cranial ventrally to reach the medial aspect of the obturator foramen and also dissect the space caudolaterally to reach the caudally located coccygeus muscle. With a number 24 blade, make four one centimeter wide incisions on the vulvar side cutting through the skin and superficial muscular fascia. Make two ventral incisions on the medial aspect of the thigh, approximately four centimeters cranial from the caudal border of the sciatic arch, and three centimeters lateral from the midline.Make two dorsal incisions at the insertion of the tail folds two centimeters medial to the tuber ischiadicum. Then place a curved trocar through one of the ventral incisions. Controlling the progression of the trocar with a finger inserted through the vaginal incision, pass the trocar through the abductor magnus muscle, the external obturator, and the medial aspect of the obturator foramen.Take special care when pushing the trocar, as pushing the trocar in the wrong direction may cause severe injury to the vessel or nerve both of which are located in the cranial aspect of the obturator foramen. Guide the tip of the trocar to the tendonous arc of the levator ani muscle, and expose the guiding wire in the vaginal wall incision. Load the wire with the corresponding ipsilateral cranial mesh arm and pull the loaded trocar through the tissues, keeping the mesh arm tension free.Then load the guide wire with the second cranial arm through the ventral incision on the other side of the animal and pull the trocar through the tissues, as just demonstrated. Now pass the trocar through the coccygeus muscle via one of the dorsal incisions just distal to the sacrotuberous ligament, and expose the guide wire through the vaginal incision. Grasp the dorsal arm of the mesh and pull the mesh out, keeping the arm tension free.Transfer the second arm of mesh to the other side of the animal as just demonstrated, and adjust the mesh position by flattening and applying tension to both arms, while keeping the mesh tension free. Using simple interrupted three oh polypropylene sutures in the middle of the caudal borders, secure the mesh to the surrounding connective tissue. Then cut the arms at the skin, and use simple interrupted three oh poliglecaprone sutures to close all of the skin incisions, followed by a running three oh poliglecaprone suture to close the vaginal incision.In this experimental animal, the cranial arms were passed through the caudal aspect of the obturator foramen. The entry point of the trocar was at the tendonous arc of the levator ani two to 2.5 centimeters caudal to the obturator canal and the obturator vessels and nerve. The gracilis muscle was moved medially to display the course of the cranial arm through the semi tendinosis and the abductor magnus muscles.The caudal arms were passed one centimeter to caudal to the caudal aspect of the broad sacrotuberous ligament, right through the coccygeus muscle. The central part of the mesh was placed flat with its cranial section stretching retroperitoneally under the caudal end of the cul-de-sac, and its caudal section down along the recto vaginal septum. Once mastered, this type of operation can be completed in 40 minutes.Before attempting this procedure, it is important to remember to become familiar with the ovine pelvic anatomy and to obtain surgical skills, such as blunt and sharp dissection and hemostatic techniques. Following this procedure other methods like native tissue repair can be performed. After its development this technique paved the way for researchers in the field of urogynecology to explore implant augmented pelvis organ prolapse repair in an ovine model for vaginal surgery.After watching this video you should have a good understanding of how to dissect the ovine recto vaginal septum to insert a flat rectangular implant and to use trocars to guide the insertion of an arm anchored implant. Don't forget that working with sharp objects, such as scalpels or needles may cause accidental injury or infection and that precautions such as paying full attention during the surgery should always be taken while performing this procedure.

transvaginal-mesh-insertion-in-the-ovine-model

Research

JoVE Journal

Medicine

Ovine Lumbar Intervertebral Disc Degeneration Model Utilizing a Lateral Retroperitoneal Drill Bit Injury

Intervertebral disc degeneration is a significant contributor to the development of back pain and the leading cause of disability worldwide. Numerous animal models of intervertebral disc degeneration have been developed. The ideal animal model should closely mimic the human intervertebral disc with regard to morphology, biomechanical properties and the absence of notochordal cells. The sheep lumbar intervertebral disc model fulfils these criteria. We present an ovine model of intervertebral disc degeneration utilizing a drill bit injury through a lateral retroperitoneal approach. The lateral approach significantly reduces the incision and potential morbidity associated with the traditional anterior approach to the ovine spine. Utilization of a drill-bit method of injury affords the ability to produce a consistent and reproducible injury, of precise dimensions, that initiates a consistent degree of intervertebral disc degeneration. The focal nature of the annular and nucleus pulposus defect more closely mimics the clinical condition of focal intervertebral disc herniation. Sheep recover rapidly following this procedure and are typically mobile and eating within the hour. Intervertebral disc degeneration ensues and sheep undergo necropsy and subsequent analysis at periods from eight weeks. We believe that the drill bit injury model of intervertebral disc degeneration offers advantages over more conventional annular injury models.

Intervertebral disc degeneration is a significant contributor to back pain and a leading cause of disability worldwide. Numerous animal models of intervertebral disc degeneration exist. We demonstrate an ovine model of intervertebral disc degeneration, utilizing a drill bit, which achieves a consistent disc injury and reproducible level of disc degeneration.

양측 Retroperitoneal 드릴 비트 손상을 활용하여 양의 요추 추간판 퇴화 모델

Intervertebral disc degeneration is a significant contributor to the development of back pain and the leading cause of disability worldwide. Numerous ...

연구

의학

In Vitro Assays to Assess Blood-brain Barrier Mesh-like Vessel Formation and Disruption

Blood-brain barrier (BBB) coverage plays a central role in the homeostasis of the central nervous system (CNS). The BBB is dynamically maintained by astrocytes, pericytes and brain endothelial cells (BECs). Here, we detail methods to assess BBB coverage using single cultures of immortalized human BECs, single cultures of primary mouse BECs, and a humanized triple culture model (BECs, astrocytes and pericytes) of the BBB. To highlight the applicability of the assays to disease states, we describe the effect of oligomeric amyloid-&#946; (oA&#946;), which is an important contributor to Alzheimer&#39;s disease (AD) progression, on BBB coverage. Further, we utilize the epidermal growth factor (EGF) to illuminate the drug screening potential of the techniques. Our results show that single and triple cultured BECs form meshwork-like structures under basal conditions, and that oA&#946; disrupts this cell meshwork formation and degenerates the preformed mesh structures, but EGF blocks this disruption. Thus, the techniques described are important for dissecting fundamental and disease-relevant processes that modulate BBB coverage.

In Vitro Assays to Assess Blood-brain Barrier Mesh-like Vessel Formation and Disruption

Maintaining blood-brain barrier coverage is key for the homeostasis of the central nervous system. This protocol describes in vitro techniques to delineate the fundamental and pathological processes that modulate blood-brain barrier coverage.

혈액 뇌 장벽 메쉬와 유사한 혈관 형성 및 분열을 평가하기위한 In vitro 시험 법

Blood-brain barrier (BBB) coverage plays a central role in the homeostasis of the central nervous system (CNS). The BBB is dynamically maintained by ...

Isometric Contractility Measurement of the Mouse Mesenteric Artery Using Wire Myography

The wire myograph technique is used to assess the contractility of vascular smooth muscles in response to depolarization, GPCR agonists/inhibitors and drugs. It is widely used in many studies on the physiological functions of vascular smooth muscle, the pathogenesis of vascular diseases such as hypertension, and the development of smooth muscle relaxant drugs. The mouse is a widely used model animal with a large pool of disease models and genetically modified strains. We introduced this method to measure the isometric contraction of mouse mesenteric artery in detail. A 1.4-mm segment of mouse mesenteric resistance artery was isolated and mounted on a myograph chamber by passing two steel wires through its lumen. After equilibration and normalization steps, the vessel segment was potentiated by a high-K+ solution twice prior to the contraction assay. As an example of the application of this method in drug development, we measured the relaxant effect of a novel natural substance, neoliensinine, isolated from a Chinese herb, embryos of the lotus seed (Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn.) on mouse mesenteric arteries. The vessel segments mounted on the myograph chamber were stimulated with a high-K+ solution. When the force tension reached a stable sustained phase, cumulative doses of neoliensinine were added to the chamber. We found that neoliensinine had a dose-dependent relaxant effect on smooth muscle contraction, thus suggesting that it bears potential activity against hypertension. In addition, as the vessel segment can survive at least 4 hours after mounting and maintain contractility induced by the high-K+ solution for many times, we suggest that the wire myograph system may be used for the time-consuming process of drug screening.

The wire myograph technique is used to investigate vascular smooth muscle functions and screen new drugs. We report a detailed protocol for measuring the isometric contractility of the mouse mesenteric artery and for screening new relaxants of vascular smooth muscle.

Myography 와이어를 사용 하 여 마우스 Mesenteric 동맥의 isometric 수축 측정

The wire myograph technique is used to assess the contractility of vascular smooth muscles in response to depolarization, GPCR agonists/inhibitors and ...

Laparoscopic Repair of Para-Esophageal Hernia Using Absorbable Biosynthetic Mesh

Para-esophageal hernia repairs are challenging procedures and there is no consensus on the optimal approach to repair. Mesh reinforcement has been associated with lesser hernia recurrence when compared to the primary suture repair. The type of mesh that is most appropriate is still debatable. Synthetic and biosynthetic materials have been studied in the literature. It is well documented that a synthetic mesh is associated with esophageal erosion and migration into the stomach. Though there are limited long-term data on biosynthetic mesh, the short-term results are excellent and promising.
This paper illustrates how a biosynthetic prosthesis can be safely used with fibrin glue fixation and anterior Dor fundoplication to repair any para-esophageal defect. The absorbable biosynthetic mesh has been shown to produce good long-term patient satisfaction outcomes and low recurrence rates compared to conventional methods including repair with synthetic mesh. This technique also avoids the risk of esophageal erosion whilst strengthening the repair. Tacks that are still widely used to secure the mesh can be abandoned due to the associated risk of developing cardiac tamponade, or other disastrous consequences. This repair method, also, highlights how the prosthesis can be fashioned into a V-shape and easily placed in an onlay fashion behind the esophagus. The protocol demonstrates an alternative and safer method for mesh fixation using fibrin glue.

Presented here is a protocol of para-esophageal hernia repair. Use of absorbable biosynthetic mesh avoids the risk of erosion through the esophagus whilst reinforcing the repair. Glue fixation is preferred to avoid the risk of trauma such as bleeding or cardiac tamponade, which are associated with stitches or tacks.

흡수성 생합성 메쉬를 사용하여 파라식도 탈장의 복강경 수리

Para-esophageal hernia repairs are challenging procedures and there is no consensus on the optimal approach to repair. Mesh reinforcement has been ...

The Lower Body Positive Pressure Treadmill for Knee Osteoarthritis Rehabilitation

Here, based on a clinician&rsquo;s point-of-view, we propose a two-model lower body positive pressure (LBPP) protocol (walking and squatting models) in addition to a clinical, functional assessment methodology, including details for further encouragement of the development of non-drug surgical intervention strategies in knee osteoarthritis patients. However, we only present the effect of LBPP training in improvement of pain and knee function in one patient through three-dimensional gait analysis. The exact, long-term effects of this approach should be explored in future studies.

Here, based on a clinician&#8217;s point-of-view, we propose a two-model lower body positive pressure (LBPP) protocol (walking and squatting models) in addition to a clinical, functional assessment methodology, including details for further encouragement of the development of non-drug surgical intervention strategies in knee osteoarthritis patients. However, we only present the effect of LBPP training in improvement of pain and knee function in one patient through three-dimensional gait analysis. The exact, long-term effects of this approach should be explored in future studies.

무릎 관절염 재활을위한 하체 양압 러닝 머신

Here, based on a clinician&rsquo;s point-of-view, we propose a two-model lower body positive pressure (LBPP) protocol (walking and squatting models) in ...

Intravitreal Injections in the Ovine Eye

There are several methods for the delivery of therapeutic agents to the retina, including intravitreal (IVT), subretinal, suprachoroidal, periocular, or topical administration. IVT drug delivery involves an injection into the vitreous humor of the eye, a gelatinous substance that fills the posterior chamber of the eye and maintains the shape of the eye globe. Although the IVT route is less specifically targeted than subretinal delivery, it is much less invasive and is widely used in clinical settings for a range of ocular diseases. 
We previously demonstrated the efficacy of intravitreal delivery of an adeno-associated virus (AAV)-mediated gene therapy product (AAV9.CLN5) in sheep with a naturally occurring CLN5 form of neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (NCL). Affected sheep received IVT gene therapy in one eye, with the other untreated eye serving as an internal control. Retinal structure and function were maintained in the treated eye up to 15 months after treatment, while the untreated eye displayed progressively declining function and severe atrophy during postmortem examination. Based on the sheep studies, the CLN5 gene therapy product was cleared as a candidate investigational new drug (IND) by the United States Food and Drug Administration in September 2021. This paper details the surgical protocol for IVT delivery of a therapeutic viral vector to the ovine eye.

Intravitreal injections were performed in the sheep eye with the aim of delivering viral-mediated gene therapy to the retina.

난소 눈의 유리체 내 주사

There are several methods for the delivery of therapeutic agents to the retina, including intravitreal (IVT), subretinal, suprachoroidal, periocular, or ...

Laparoscopic Non-Mesh Cerclage Pectopexy for Pelvic Organ Prolapse

Pelvic organ prolapse (POP) is widespread among the female population and significantly impairs the patient's quality of life. It is important to restore apical support for treating POP. Sacrocolpopexy and pectopexy are indicated for apical prolapse. Using a synthetic mesh in these techniques increases success by enhancing apical support. However, the implantation of synthetic mesh is associated with mesh-related complications. In addition, the exorbitant cost of synthetic mesh and lack of universal access limit the popularity of these procedures. The current study develops a unique technique known as laparoscopic non-mesh cerclage pectopexy (LNMCP), in which permanent cervical cerclage sutures are embedded in the round ligament until the iliopectineal ligament. The iliopectineal ligament was sutured, resulting in a firm cervical suspension. The procedure was successfully performed in 16 cases in the hospital. The surgical duration was 67.8 min &plusmn; 15.5 min, and the blood loss was 73.1 mL &plusmn; 51.1 mL. No procedural complications were seen. LNMCP is associated with an objective success rate of 100% and a subjective success rate of 93.8%. LNMCP for patients with apical prolapse obviates the need for a mesh, thereby avoiding complications associated with mesh erosion and reducing medical costs. In addition, it is easy to perform even in resource-poor areas without access to synthetic mesh.

The present pilot study describes the development of laparoscopic non-mesh cerclage pectopexy to treat pelvic organ prolapse. The procedure can be used to prevent any complications associated with the use of mesh.

골반 장기 탈출증에 대한 복강경 Non-Mesh Cerclage Pectopexy

Pelvic organ prolapse (POP) is widespread among the female population and significantly impairs the patient's quality of life. It is important to restore ...

Neuronavigation and Laparoscopy Guided Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt Insertion for the Treatment of Hydrocephalus

Hydrocephalus is a common adult neurosurgical condition typically requiring treatment with a cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) shunt, of which the ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt is the most common type. Unfortunately, the failure rates of VP shunts are alarmingly high, with up to 50% of patients requiring revision surgery within 2 years. VP shunt failure may occur due to infection, or catheter mispositioning, migration, and occlusion. We undertook a joint neurosurgery and general surgery collaboration in a 7-year prospective non-randomized consecutive quality improvement cohort study to reduce the rates of ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt failures in 224 adult patients at a tertiary care institution. The initiative combined the use of electromagnetic stereotactic neuronavigation to guide the placement of the proximal catheter and laparoscopy to place the distal catheter under direct visualization. With laparoscopic assistance, the distal catheter was anchored through a small hole created in the falciform ligament and placed into the right retrohepatic space, free from the omentum, adhesions, or bowel that might obstruct the catheter tip. The surgeries were performed using a shunt infection prevention protocol to reduce the risk of shunt infections. Here, we present an intraoperative video of the surgical procedure. Compliance with shunt infection reduction strategies and the combined utilization of neuronavigation and laparoscopy techniques in adult VP shunt surgery resulted in a 44% reduction in the risk of overall shunt failure. The significant positive impact with regard to shunt-failure-free patient outcomes among patients who underwent VP shunt surgery using this strategy underscores the value associated with the use of these modern intraoperative techniques and cross-specialty collaboration during VP shunt surgery.

Patient outcomes of ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt surgery, the mainstay treatment for hydrocephalus in adults, are poor due to high shunt failure rates. We present intraoperative footage of VP shunt insertion using neuronavigation and laparoscopy guidance, with the goal to reduce the risks of proximal and distal shunt catheter failures, respectively.

신경 내비게이션 및 복강경 수두증의 치료를위한 유도 심실 복막 션트 삽입

Hydrocephalus is a common adult neurosurgical condition typically requiring treatment with a cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) shunt, of which the ...

Application of a New Mesh Fixation Method in Laparoscopic Incisional Hernia Repair

Laparoscopic incisional hernia repair using intraperitoneal onlay mesh (IPOM) is one of the most widely used minimally invasive methods for repairing incisional hernias. The laparoscopic IPOM involves implanting the mesh into the abdominal cavity through laparoscopy to repair an abdominal wall hernia. In the IPOM surgery, after the closure of the hernia ring, an anti-adhesion mesh is placed laparoscopically. The correct placement of this mesh is critical to the success of the method, and surgical skills are required to achieve perfect placement. If the mesh placement is not mastered properly, the operation and anesthesia time will be prolonged. In addition, improper placement of the mesh can lead to serious consequences, such as intestinal obstruction and mesh infection. A "contraposition and alignment" mesh fixation method is described in this study, which involves pre-marking the fixation position of the mesh to reduce the difficulty of mesh placement. A properly placed mesh is completely flat on the peritoneum, the edges are not curled or wrapped, and the mesh is adhered firmly such that there is no displacement after removing the pneumoperitoneum pressure. The "contraposition and alignment" mesh fixation technique offers the advantages of reliable placement of the mesh and fewer complications than other techniques, and it is easy to learn and master. It also allows for positioning the nail gun in advance based on the anatomy of the incisional hernia. This enables the use of the minimum number of nails possible while still ensuring good fixation, which can reduce the occurrence of complications and reduce the cost of surgery. Thus, the mesh fixation method described here is highly suitable for clinical applications based on the aforementioned advantages.

Presented here is a method for improving the mesh placement in laparoscopic incisional hernia repair, which can shorten the time required for mesh fixation and reduce the occurrence of postoperative chronic pain.

복강경 절개 탈장 수리에 새로운 메쉬 고정 방법 적용

Laparoscopic incisional hernia repair using intraperitoneal onlay mesh (IPOM) is one of the most widely used minimally invasive methods for repairing ...

Chronic Ovine Model of Right Ventricular Failure and Functional Tricuspid Regurgitation

The pathophysiology of severe functional tricuspid regurgitation (FTR) associated with right ventricular dysfunction is poorly understood, leading to suboptimal clinical results. We set out to establish a chronic ovine model of FTR and right heart failure to investigate the mechanisms of FTR. Twenty adult male sheep (6-12 months old, 62 &#177; 7 kg) underwent a left thoracotomy and baseline echocardiography. A pulmonary artery band (PAB) was placed and cinched around the main pulmonary artery (PA) to at least double the systolic pulmonary artery pressure (SPAP), inducing right ventricular (RV) pressure overload and signs of RV dilatation. PAB acutely increased the SPAP from 21 &#177; 2 mmHg to 62 &#177; 2 mmHg. The animals were followed for 8 weeks, symptoms of heart failure were treated with diuretics, and surveillance echocardiography was used to assess for pleural and abdominal fluid collection. Three animals died during the follow-up period due to stroke, hemorrhage, and acute heart failure. After 2 months, a median sternotomy and epicardial echocardiography were performed. Of the surviving 17 animals, 3 developed mild tricuspid regurgitation, 3 developed moderate tricuspid regurgitation, and 11 developed severe tricuspid regurgitation. Eight weeks of pulmonary artery banding resulted in a stable chronic ovine model of right ventricular dysfunction and significant FTR. This large animal platform can be used to further investigate the structural and molecular basis of RV failure and functional tricuspid regurgitation.

Right ventricular failure and functional tricuspid regurgitation are associated with left-sided heart disease and pulmonary hypertension, which contribute significantly to morbidity and mortality in patients. Establishing a chronic ovine model to study right ventricular failure and functional tricuspid regurgitation will help in understanding their mechanisms, progression, and possible treatments.

우심실 부전 및 기능적 삼첨판 역류의 만성 소 모델

The pathophysiology of severe functional tricuspid regurgitation (FTR) associated with right ventricular dysfunction is poorly understood, leading to ...