Name: dissection and culture of mouse embryonic kidney
Uploaded: 2017-05-17T15:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Dissection and Culture of Mouse Embryonic Kidney at JoVE.com

Yazarlar Leif Oxburgh&#39;a ve Derek Adams&#39;a, teknik destekleri için Stefan Wölfl ve Ulrike Müller ve teknik destekleri için Saskia Schmitteckert, Julia Gobbert, Sascha Weyer ve Viola Mayer&#39;e yardım etmek için el yazmalarına yararlı yorumlar için Leif Oxburgh&#39;u cömertçe paylaşmaktan dolayı teşekkür ederler. laboratuvarı. Bu çalışma Biyologlar Şirketi Geliştirme (CP) tarafından desteklendi .

Fareler, İsveç yönetmeliklerine ve Avrupa Birliği mevzuatına (2010/63 / AB) göre korunmuştur. Bütün prosedürler İsveç Etik Komitesinin talimatlarına (C79 / 9, C248 / 11 ve C135 / 14 izinlerine) uygun olarak gerçekleştirildi. Heidelberg Üniversitesi&#39;ndeki hayvan konularını içeren prosedürler Regierungspräsidium Karlsruhe ve Heidelberg Üniversitesi&#39;nden Hayvan Refahı Memurları tarafından onaylanmıştır. 1. Kültür için Reaktiflerin ve Materyallerin Hazırlanm...

<ol>
	<li>Sax&#233;n, L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=.">.</a> Organogenesis of the kidney. Developmental and Cell Biology Series. 19, (1987).</li><li>Lindstr&#246;m, N. O., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Integrated+&#946;-catenin,+BMP,+PTEN,+and+Notch+signalling+patterns+the+nephron.">Integrated &#946;-catenin, BMP, PTEN, and Notch signalling patterns the nephron.</a> eLife. 4, e04000 (2015).</li><li>Peuckert, C., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Multimodal+Eph/Ephrin+signaling+controls+several+phases+of+urogenital+development.">Multimodal Eph/Ephrin signaling controls several phases of urogenital development.</a> Kidney Int. 90 (2), 373-388 (2016).</li><li>Pasquale, E. B. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Eph+receptor+signalling+casts+a+wide+net+on+cell+behaviour.">Eph receptor signalling casts a wide net on cell behaviour.</a> Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 6 (6), 462-475 (2005).</li><li>Bonanomi, D., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Ret+Is+a+Multifunctional+Coreceptor+that+Integrates+Diffusible-+and+Contact-Axon+Guidance+Signals.">Ret Is a Multifunctional Coreceptor that Integrates Diffusible- and Contact-Axon Guidance Signals.</a> Cell. 148 (2), 568-582 (2012).</li><li>Brown, A. C., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Isolation+and+Culture+of+Cells+from+the+Nephrogenic+Zone+of+the+Embryonic+Mouse+Kidney.">Isolation and Culture of Cells from the Nephrogenic Zone of the Embryonic Mouse Kidney.</a> J Vis Exp. (50), e2555 (2011).</li><li>Grobstein, C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Inductive+interaction+in+the+development+of+the+mouse+metanephros.">Inductive interaction in the development of the mouse metanephros.</a> J Exp Zool. 130, 319-340 (1955).</li><li>Sax&#233;n, L., Toivonen, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=.">.</a> Primary Embryonic Induction. , (1962).</li><li>Sax&#233;n, L., Koskimies, O., Lahti, A., Miettinen, H., Rapola, J., Wartiovaara, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Differentiation+of+kidney+mesenchyme+in+an+experimental+model+system.">Differentiation of kidney mesenchyme in an experimental model system.</a> Adv Morphog. 7, 251-293 (1968).</li><li>Dudley, A. T., Godin, R. E., Robertson, E. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Interaction+between+FGF+and+BMP+signaling+pathways+regulates+development+of+metanephric+mesenchyme.">Interaction between FGF and BMP signaling pathways regulates development of metanephric mesenchyme.</a> Genes Dev. 13, 1601-1613 (1999).</li><li>Per&#228;l&#228;, N., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Sema4C-Plexin+B2+signalling+modulates+ureteric+branching+in+developing+kidney.">Sema4C-Plexin B2 signalling modulates ureteric branching in developing kidney.</a> Differentiation. 81 (2), 81-91 (2011).</li><li>Thesleff, I., Ekblom, P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Role+of+transferrin+in+branching+morphogenesis,+growth+and+differentiation+of+the+embryonic+kidney.">Role of transferrin in branching morphogenesis, growth and differentiation of the embryonic kidney.</a> J Embryol exp Morph. 82, 147-161 (1984).</li><li>Watanabe, T., Costantini, F. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Real-time+analysis+of+ureteric+bud+branching+morphogenesis.">Real-time analysis of ureteric bud branching morphogenesis.</a> Dev Biol. 271, 98-108 (2004).</li><li>Sebinger, D. D. R., Unbekandt, M., Ganeva, V. V., Ofenbauer, A., Werner, C., Davies, J. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+Novel,+Low-Volume+Method+for+Organ+Culture+of+Embryonic+Kidneys+That+Allows+Development+of+Cortico-Medullary+Anatomical+Organization.">A Novel, Low-Volume Method for Organ Culture of Embryonic Kidneys That Allows Development of Cortico-Medullary Anatomical Organization.</a> PLoS One. 5 (5), e10550 (2010).</li><li>Ekblom, P., Miettinen, A., Virtanen, I., Wahlstr&#246;m, T., Dawnay, A., Sax&#233;n, L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=In+vitro+segregation+of+the+metanephric+nephron.">In vitro segregation of the metanephric nephron.</a> Dev Biol. 84 (1), 88-95 (1981).</li><li>Davies, J. A., Unbekandt, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=siRNA-mediated+RNA+interference+in+embryonic+kidney+organ+culture.">siRNA-mediated RNA interference in embryonic kidney organ culture.</a> Methods Mol Biol. 886, 295-303 (2012).</li><li>Sax&#233;n, L., Lehtonen, E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Embryonic+kidney+in+organ+culture.">Embryonic kidney in organ culture.</a> Differentiation. 36 (1), 2-11 (1987).</li><li>Bard, J. B. L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+development+of+the+mouse+kidney+embryogenesis+writ+small.">The development of the mouse kidney embryogenesis writ small.</a> Curr Opin Genet Dev. 2, 589-595 (1992).</li><li>Davies, J. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+method+for+cold+storage+and+transport+of+viable+embryonic+kidney+rudiments.">A method for cold storage and transport of viable embryonic kidney rudiments.</a> Kidney Int. 70 (11), 2031-2034 (2006).</li><li>Batourina, E., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Distal+ureter+morphogenesis+depends+on+epithelial+cell+remodeling+mediated+by+vitamin+A+and+Ret.">Distal ureter morphogenesis depends on epithelial cell remodeling mediated by vitamin A and Ret.</a> Nat Genet. 32 (1), 109-115 (2002).</li></ol>

Bu el yazması, fare embriyosundan gelişen metanefrik anlagen&#39;in izole edilmesi ve organ öncüllerinin kültürlenmesi için bir yöntem açıklamaktadır. Bu yöntem, Grobstein 8 ve Saxén 9 , 10 tarafından geliştirilen standart bir tekniktir ve diğerleri 11 , 12 tarafından uyarlanmış ve değiştirilmiştir. Yöntemin başarısı, eksplantların sağkalımı ve endük...

The mammalian kidney is derived from two primordial structures with mesodermal origin: the tubular epithelial ureteric bud and the metanephric mesenchyme. During nephrogenesis, the ureteric bud invades the metanephric mesenchyme and branches to form the collecting system. The metanephric mesenchyme gives rise to the epithelial elements of the nephrons. These processes occur in a precisely timed and spatially coordinated manner and are initiated by reciprocal inductive mechanisms. Both tissue components communicate and affect the other's cell morphogenesis. 
In the 1920s, it was Boyden who performed the in vivo obstruction of the mesonephric duct in chicken, providing the first indication of inductive interactions as separated nephric blastema fail to differentiate1. At about the same time, the first successful attempts to culture chicken nephric rudiments in a hanging drop were published. Subsequently, the organ culture was developed to study tissue interactions in mammalian organogenesis. In the 1950s, Grobstein developed a technique in which metanephric rudiments could be cultured on a filter. This technique was modified by Sax&#233;n, who placed the filter on a Trowell-type screen in a culture dish1. Over the years, many modifications and applications for organ culture have emerged. The method described here is based on Sax&#233;n's technique but is simplified, as the filters float free on the medium and the diameter of the culture well only slightly exceeds the diameter of the filter, limiting unwanted movement of the filter.
Whole-organ culture is a classical, cheap, and simple but powerful tool to investigate cellular processes and intercellular communication during organogenesis. Organ culture allows for treatment with biological agents, such as growth factors, antibodies, antisense oligonucleotides, viruses, and peptides, as well as with pharmaceutical compounds and other chemicals. Also, gene function may be studied using explants derived from genetically modified mice or using inducible gene inactivation technology, such as the Cre-loxP system. This allows for the study of genetic mutations that cause embryonic lethality prior to the development of the kidney. Organ culture can also be combined with fluorescent tagging for gene function or lineage tracing and modern imaging techniques, which enable real-time monitoring of cell behavior2.
In the specific example provided here, the effect of EphrinB2-activated Eph-receptor signaling on the branching morphology of the ureteric bud was investigated. The morphology of the EphA4/EphB2 double-knockout mice suggested several severe defects in kidney development, which were detectable as early as embryonic day 11 (E11) and involved the ureteric bud, the ureter, and the common nephric duct3. Signaling via Eph receptors requires the clustering of the ligand-receptor dimer4. To over-activate Eph signaling, the kidney rudiments from E11.5 mouse embryos were cultured in the presence of clustered recombinant EphrinB2-Fc. EphrinB2 is a known ligand for the EphA4 receptor, which is expressed in the ureteric bud tips3.

<table border="1" fo:keep-together.within-page="1" fo:keep-with-next.within-page="always">
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>DMEM/F-12</td>
			<td>Thermo Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>21331020</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Penicillin-Streptomycin (10,000 U/mL)</td>
			<td>Thermo Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>15140148</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>GlutaMAX Supplement</td>
			<td>Thermo Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>35050061</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>DPBS, calcium, magnesium</td>
			<td>Thermo Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>14040117</td>
			<td>use for dissection</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>holo-Transferrin human</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>T0665</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Insulin-Transferrin-Selenium (ITS -G) (100X)</td>
			<td>Thermo Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>41400045</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Paraformaldehyde</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>158127</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Amphotericin B solution</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>A2942</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Triton X-100</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>X100</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Sodium azide</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>S8032</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Thimerosal</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>T5125</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Propyl gallate</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>2370</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Mowiol 4-88</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>81381</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Glycerol</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>G5516</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Biotinylated Dolichorus Biflorus Agglutinin</td>
			<td>Vector Laboratories</td>
			<td>B-1035</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Alexa488 conjugated Streptavidin</td>
			<td>Jackson Immuno Research</td>
			<td>016-540-084</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Recombinant Mouse Ephrin-B2 Fc Chimera Protein, CF</td>
			<td>R&#38;D Systems</td>
			<td>496-EB</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Recombinant Human IgG1 Fc, CF</td>
			<td>R&#38;D Systems</td>
			<td>110-HG-100</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Goat Anti-Human IgG Fc Antibody</td>
			<td>R&#38;D Systems</td>
			<td>G-102-C</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Phosphate buffered saline tablets</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>P4417</td>
			<td>use for fixation and immunostaining</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Dumont #5, biologie 
			tips, INOX, 11cm</td>
			<td>agnthos.se</td>
			<td>0208-5-PS</td>
			<td>2 pairs of forceps are needed</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Iris scissors, straight, 12cm</td>
			<td>agnthos.se</td>
			<td>03-320-120</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Dressing Forceps, 
			straight, delicate, 13cm</td>
			<td>agnthos.se</td>
			<td>08-032-130</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Petri dishes Nunclo Delta treated</td>
			<td>Thermo Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>150679</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>TMTP01300 Isopore Membrane Filter, polycarbonate, Hydrophilic, 5.0 &#181;m, 13 mm, white, plain</td>
			<td>MerckMillipore</td>
			<td>TMTP01300</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Nunclon Multidishes 
			4 wells, flat bottom</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>D6789-1CS</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Microscope cover glass24x50mm thickn. No.1.5H 0.17+/-0.005mm</td>
			<td>nordicbiolabs</td>
			<td>107222</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Cover glasses No.1.5, 18x18mm</td>
			<td>nordicbiolabs</td>
			<td>102032</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Slides ~76x26x1, 1/2-w. ground plain</td>
			<td>nordicbiolabs</td>
			<td>1030418</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>VWR Razor Blades</td>
			<td>VWR</td>
			<td>55411-055</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>50 mL centrifuge tubes</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>CLS430828</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>15 mL centrifuge tubes</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>CLS430055</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Whatman prepleated qualitative filter paper, Grade 113V, creped</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>WHA1213125</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Fixed stage research mircoscope</td>
			<td>Olympus</td>
			<td>BX61WI</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Black 6 inbred mice, male, C57BL/6NTac</td>
			<td>Taconic</td>
			<td>B6-M</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Black 6 inbred mice,female, C57BL/6NTac</td>
			<td>Taconic</td>
			<td>B6-F</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Greenough Stereo Microscope</td>
			<td>Leica</td>
			<td>Leica S6 E</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

dissection and culture of mouse embryonic kidney

Bu protokolün amacı, fare metanfrizik temellerinin diseksiyonu, izolasyonu ve kültürü için bir yöntem tanımlamaktır. Memeli böbrek gelişimi sırasında iki progenitör doku, üreterik tomurcuk ve metanefrik mezenşim, hücrenin mekanizmalarını birbirleriyle iletişim kurar ve karşılıklı olarak toplayıcı sistemi ve böbreğin nefronlarını oluştururlar. Memeli embriyolar intrauterin olarak büyür ve bu nedenle gözlemci tarafından erişilemez olduğundan, bir organ kültürü geliştirilmiştir. Bu yöntemle böbrek organogenezi sırasında epitelial mezenkimal etkileşimler ve hücresel davranışları incelemek mümkündür. Ayrıca konjenital böbrek ve ürogenital sistem malformasyonlarının kökeni de araştırılabilir. Dikkatle diseksiyon yapıldıktan sonra, metanfrrik temeller, kültür ortamında yüzen ve birkaç gün süreyle bir hücre kültürü inkübatöründe tutulabilen bir filtreye aktarılır. Bununla birlikte, koşullarınYapay ve dokudaki metabolizmayı etkileyebilir. Ayrıca, eksplantda bulunan ekstrasellüler matriks ve bazal membran nedeniyle test maddelerinin penetrasyonu sınırlı olabilir. Organ kültürünün en önemli avantajlarından biri, deneycinin organa doğrudan erişebilmesidir. Bu teknoloji ucuz, basittir ve biyolojik açıdan aktif maddelerin eklenmesi, genetik varyantların incelenmesi ve gelişmiş görüntüleme teknikleri gibi çok sayıda değişikliğe izin verir.

Metanefrik böbrek anlagen E11.5 gebe Black-6 yakın cinsinden farelerden türetilmiş ve kültürlenmiştir. Üç gün sonra üreter tomurcuğu 5 kez dallandı ve başlangıçta T şeklindeki üreter tomurcuğunun dalgalanmasına neden oldu. Her eksplant fotoğraflandı ve dallanma nesillerini belirlemek ve dal başına bitiş noktalarının sayısını hesaplamak için bölümlerin ve uç noktaların sayıları nicelleştirildi ( Şekil 1 ). Image 4. nesil, ...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Dissection and Culture of Mouse Embryonic Kidney at JoVE.com

Dissection and Culture of Mouse Embryonic Kidney

Bu protokol, fare embriyolarından metanefrik temelleri izole etmek ve kültürlemek için bir yöntem açıklamaktadır.

Fare Embriyonik Böbreklerinin Diseksiyonu ve Kültürü

The goal of this protocol is to describe a method for the dissection, isolation, and culture of mouse metanephric rudiments. 
During mammalian kidney ...

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Transkripsiyonal Analiz Büyük ölçekli Zebra balığı Embriyonik Kalp Diseksiyon

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Culture of Embryonic Mouse Cochlear Explants and Gene Transfer by Electroporation

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Auditory hair cells located within the mouse organ of Corti detect and transmit sound information to the central nervous system. The mechanosensory hair ...

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Neural Differentiation of Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells in Serum-free Monolayer Culture

Serum serbest Tek tabakalı Kültüründe Fare Embriyonik Kök Hücre Sinir Farklılaşma

The ability to differentiate mouse embryonic stem cells (ESC) to neural progenitors allows the study of the mechanisms controlling neural specification as ...

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Transcriptome Profiling of In-Vivo Produced Bovine Pre-implantation Embryos Using Two-color Microarray Platform

Transcriptome Profil<em&gt; In-vivo</emİki renkli Mikroarray Platformu Kullanma&gt; Üretilen Sığır pre-implantasyon Embriyolar

Early embryonic loss is a large contributor to infertility in cattle. Moreover, bovine becomes an interesting model to study human preimplantation embryo ...

Culture of Murine Embryonic Metatarsals: A Physiological Model of Endochondral Ossification

Fare Embriyonik metatarsallara Kültürü: endokondral Kemikleşmenin bir Fizyolojik Modeli

The fundamental process of endochondral ossification is under tight regulation in the healthy individual so as to prevent disturbed development and/or ...

Dissection and Coronal Slice Preparation of Developing Mouse Pituitary Gland

Diseksiyon ve fare hipofiz bezi geliştirme koronal dilim hazırlık

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Organotypic Culture Method to Study the Development Of Embryonic Chicken Tissues

Embriyonik tavuk doku gelişimi çalışmaya Organotypic kültür yöntemi

The embryonic chicken is commonly used as a reliable model organism for vertebrate development. Its accessibility and short incubation period makes it ...

Dissection, Culture and Analysis of Primary Cranial Neural Crest Cells from Mouse for the Study of Neural Crest Cell Delamination and Migration

Nöral Krest Hücre Delaminasyonu ve Göçü Çalışması İçin Fareden Birincil Kranial Nöral Krest Hücrelerinin Diseksiyonu, Kültürü ve Analizi

Over the past several decades there has been an increased availability of genetically modified mouse models used to mimic human pathologies. However, the ...

Efficient Neural Differentiation using Single-Cell Culture of Human Embryonic Stem Cells

İnsan Embriyonik Kök Hücrelerinin Tek Hücre Kültürünü Kullanarak Etkin Nöral Farklılaşma

In vitro differentiation of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) has transformed the ability to study human development on both biological and molecular ...