Name: isolation of murine adipose tissue-derived microvascular fragments as vascularization units for tissue engineering
Uploaded: 2017-04-30T13:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Isolation of Murine Adipose Tissue-derived Microvascular Fragments as Vascularization Units for Tissue Engineering at JoVE.com

Мы благодарны за отличную техническую помощь Джанин Беккера, Кэролайн Бикельманн и Рут Никелс. Это исследование финансировалось за счет гранта Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG - Немецкий фонд исследований) - LA 2682 / 7-1.

Все процедуры были выполнены в соответствии с Национальным институтом здравоохранения руководящих принципов для использования подопытных животных и следовали институциональные рекомендации (Landesamt für Soziales, Gesundheit унд Verbraucherschutz, Abt. Lebensmittel- унд Veterinärwesen, Zentralstelle, Саарбрюккен, Германия). </p...

<ol>
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R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Characterization+and+multilineage+potential+of+cells+derived+from+isolated+microvascular+fragments.">Characterization and multilineage potential of cells derived from isolated microvascular fragments.</a> J Surg Res. 192 (1), 214-222 (2014).</li><li>Nakano, M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Effect+of+autotransplantation+of+microvessel+fragments+on+experimental+random-pattern+flaps+in+the+rat.">Effect of autotransplantation of microvessel fragments on experimental random-pattern flaps in the rat.</a> Eur Surg Res. 30 (3), 149-160 (1998).</li><li>Nakano, M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Successful+autotransplantation+of+microvessel+fragments+into+the+rat+heart.">Successful autotransplantation of microvessel fragments into the rat heart.</a> Eur Surg Res. 31 (3), 240-248 (1999).</li><li>Shepherd, B. R., Hoying, J. B., Williams, S. K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Microvascular+transplantation+after+acute+myocardial+infarction.">Microvascular transplantation after acute myocardial infarction.</a> Tissue Eng. 13 (12), 2871-2879 (2007).</li><li>Pilia, M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Transplantation+and+perfusion+of+microvascular+fragments+in+a+rodent+model+of+volumetric+muscle+loss+injury.">Transplantation and perfusion of microvascular fragments in a rodent model of volumetric muscle loss injury.</a> Eur Cell Mater. 28, 11-23 (2014).</li><li>Laschke, M. W., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Adipose+tissue-derived+microvascular+fragments+from+aged+donors+exhibit+an+impaired+vascularisation+capacity.">Adipose tissue-derived microvascular fragments from aged donors exhibit an impaired vascularisation capacity.</a> Eur Cell Mater. 28, 287-298 (2015).</li><li>Okabe, M., Ikawa, M., Kominami, K., Nakanishi, T., Nishimune, Y. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term='Green+mice'+as+a+source+of+ubiquitous+green+cells.">'Green mice' as a source of ubiquitous green cells.</a> FEBS Lett. 407 (3), 313-319 (1997).</li><li>Honek, J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Modulation+of+age-related+insulin+sensitivity+by+VEGF-dependent+vascular+plasticity+in+adipose+tissues.">Modulation of age-related insulin sensitivity by VEGF-dependent vascular plasticity in adipose tissues.</a> Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 111 (41), 14906-14911 (2014).</li><li>Cho, C. H., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Angiogenic+role+of+LYVE-1-positive+macrophages+in+adipose+tissue.">Angiogenic role of LYVE-1-positive macrophages in adipose tissue.</a> Circ Res. 100 (4), e47-e57 (2007).</li><li>Han, S., Sun, H. M., Hwang, K. C., Kim, S. W. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Adipose-Derived+Stromal+Vascular+Fraction+Cells:+Update+on+Clinical+Utility+and+Efficacy.">Adipose-Derived Stromal Vascular Fraction Cells: Update on Clinical Utility and Efficacy.</a> Crit Rev Eukaryot Gene Expr. 25 (2), 145-152 (2015).</li><li>Chen, Y. 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В этом исследовании мы представляем устоявшийся протокол для выделения ад-м.ф.. Получение ад-MVF из мышиной жировой ткани является простой процедурой с нескольких важных шагов. Мыши проявляют различные подкожные и внутрибрюшные жировые отложения. Как было описано выше для крыс, наиболе?...

Тканевая инженерия фокусируется на изготовлении тканей и органов заменителей , которые поддерживают, восстанавливают или усиливают функцию неработоспособных в естественных условиях аналогов 1, 2. Судьба инженерных конструкций ткани в решающей степени зависит от адекватной васкуляризации 3. Микрососудистые сети внутри этих конструкций должны быть организованы иерархически , с артериол, капилляров и венул , чтобы обеспечить эффективное кровоснабжение после сращивания на сосудистую систему получателя 4. Поколение таких сетей является одной из ключевых проблем в тканевой инженерии. Для этого, широкий спектр экспериментальных стратегий васкуляризации было введено за последние два десятилетия 5, 6. Ангиогенные подходы стимулируют прорастание микрососудов реципиентов в сконструированный TISSЕЭС посредством структурной модификации или физико - химической строительных лесов, таких как включение факторов роста 7. Тем не менее, для васкуляризации больших трехмерных конструкций, зависимого от ангиогенеза стратегия заметно ограничена медленными темпами роста развивающихся микрососудов 8. В противоположность этому , понятие prevascularization стремится к генерации функциональных микрососудистых сетей в пределах ткани конструкций до их имплантации 9. Обычное prevascularization включает совместное культивирование сосудов , образующие клетки, такие как эндотелиальные клетки, Mural клетки или стволовые клетки 10, в пределах каркасов. После образования микрососудистой сети, то prevascularized конструкция может быть затем имплантирована в тканевые дефекты. Стоит отметить, что этот подход prevascularization трудно применять в клинических условиях, так как она основана на сложной и трудоемкой в пробирке &lt;/ EM&gt; процедуры, которые ограничены основными регулирующими барьерами 9. Соответственно, все еще существует необходимость в разработке новых стратегий prevascularization, которые более пригодны для широкого клинического применения. Такая стратегия prevascularization может быть применение полученных из жировой ткани микрососудистых фрагментов (Ad-MVF). ад-MVF представляют собой мощные васкуляризации единицы , которые могут быть собраны в больших количествах из жировой ткани крыс 11, 12 и 13 мышей. Они состоят из артериол, капилляром и венул сегментов сосудов, которые обладают физиологической морфологии микрососудов с просветом и стабилизирующих периваскулярных клеток 14, 15. Эта уникальная функция позволяет сразу же имплантацию рекламы MVF посеяны подмостей в тканевые дефекты без precultivation. Там, объявление-MVF быстро собрать вфункциональные микрососудистые сети. Кроме того, объявления-MVF представляет собой богатый источник мезенхимальных стволовых клеток 16, которые могут дополнительно способствовать их поразительной регенерационной способности. Соответственно, ад-MVF все шире используются в различных областях тканевой инженерии , 14, 15, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21. Изоляция ад-м.ф. первоначально была создана у крыс 11, 12. Здесь мы опишем протокол, который позволяет стандартизированную изоляцию мышиного ада-м.ф. из придатка жировых. Это может обеспечить более полное представление о молекулярных механизмах, лежащих в основе функции ад-MVF с помощью трансгенных моделей мыши.

<table border="1" fo:keep-together.within-page="1" fo:keep-with-next.within-page="always">
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>1.5-mL conical microcentrifuge tube</td>
			<td>VWR, Kelsterbach, Germany</td>
			<td>700-5239</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>100-&#181;L precision pipette</td>
			<td>Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany</td>
			<td>4920000059</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>10-mL measuring pipette</td>
			<td>Costar, Corning Inc., New York, USA</td>
			<td>4488</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>14-mL PP tubes</td>
			<td>Greiner bio-one, Frickenhausen, Germany</td>
			<td>187261</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>1-mL precision pipette</td>
			<td>Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany</td>
			<td>4920000083</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>500-&#181;m filter (pluriStrainer 500 &#181;m)</td>
			<td>HISS Diagnostics, Freiburg, Germany</td>
			<td>43-50500-03</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>50-mL conical centrifuge tube</td>
			<td>Greiner bio-one, Frickenhausen, Germany</td>
			<td>227261</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>50-mL Erlenmeyer flask</td>
			<td>VWR, Kelsterbach, Germany</td>
			<td>214-0211</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>96-well plate</td>
			<td>Greiner bio-one, Frickenhausen, Germany</td>
			<td>65518</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>cell detachment solution (Accutase)</td>
			<td>eBioscience, San Diego, CA USA</td>
			<td>00-4555-56</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>C57BL/6 mice</td>
			<td>Charles River, Cologne, Germany</td>
			<td>027</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>C57BL/6-Tg(CAG-EGFP)1Osb/J mice</td>
			<td>The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, USA</td>
			<td>003291</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>CD117-FITC</td>
			<td>BD Biosciences, Heidelberg, Germany</td>
			<td>553373</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>CD31-PE</td>
			<td>BD Biosciences, Heidelberg, Germany</td>
			<td>553354</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Collagenase NB4G&#160;</td>
			<td>Serva Electrophoresis GmbH, Heidelberg, Germany</td>
			<td>17465.02</td>
			<td>Lot tested by manufacturer for enzymatic activity</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Dissection scissors</td>
			<td>Braun Aesculap AG &#38;CoKG, Melsungen, Germany</td>
			<td>BC 601</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>DNA-binding dye (Bisbenzimide H33342)</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich, Taufkirchen, Germany</td>
			<td>B2261</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Dulbecco&#39;s modified Eagle medium (DMEM)&#160;</td>
			<td>PAN Biotech, Rickenbach, Germany</td>
			<td>P04-03600</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Fetal calf serum (FCS)</td>
			<td>Biochrom GmbH, Berlin, Germany</td>
			<td>S0615</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Fine forceps</td>
			<td>S&#38;T AG, Neuhausen, Switzerland</td>
			<td>FRS-15 RM-8</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Fine scissors</td>
			<td>World Precision Instrumets, Sarasota, FL, USA</td>
			<td>503261</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Dermal skin substitute (Integra)</td>
			<td>Integra Life Sciences, Sain Priest, France</td>
			<td>62021</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Ketamine&#160;</td>
			<td>Serumwerk Bernburg AG, Bernburg, Germany</td>
			<td>7005294</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>M-IgG2akAL488&#160;&#160;</td>
			<td>eBioscience, San Diego, CA USA</td>
			<td>53-4724-80</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Octeniderm (disinfecting solution)</td>
			<td>Sch&#252;lke &#38; Mayer, Norderstedt, Germany</td>
			<td>118211</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Penicillin/Streptomycin</td>
			<td>Biochrom, Berlin, Germany</td>
			<td>A2213</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Petri dish</td>
			<td>Greiner bio-one, Frickenhausen, Germany</td>
			<td>664160</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Phosphate-buffered saline (PBS)</td>
			<td>Lonza Group, Basel, Switzerland</td>
			<td>17-516F</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>pluriStrainer 20-&#181;m (20 &#181;m filter)</td>
			<td>HISS Diagnostics, Freiburg, Germany</td>
			<td>43-50020-03</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Rat-IgG2akFITC</td>
			<td>BD Biosciences, Heidelberg, Germany</td>
			<td>553988</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Rat-IgG2akPE</td>
			<td>BD Biosciences, Heidelberg, Germany</td>
			<td>553930</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Small preparation scissors</td>
			<td>S&#38;T AG, Neuhausen, Switzerland</td>
			<td>SDC-15 R-8S</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Surgical forceps</td>
			<td>Braun Aesculap AG &#38;CoKG, Melsungen, Germany</td>
			<td>BD510R</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Tape (Heftpflaster Seide) 1.25 cm</td>
			<td>Fink &#38; Walter GmbH, Mechweiler, Germany</td>
			<td>1671801</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Xylazine&#160;</td>
			<td>Bayer Vital GmbH, Leverkusen, Germany</td>
			<td>1320422</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>&#945;-SMA-AL488</td>
			<td>eBioscience, San Diego, CA USA</td>
			<td>53-9760-82</td>
			<td>Intracellular labeling additionally requires Cytofix/Cytoperm (BD Biosciences, Heidelberg, Germany; #554722)</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

isolation of murine adipose tissue-derived microvascular fragments as vascularization units for tissue engineering

Функциональная сеть микрососудов имеет ключевое значение для выживания и интеграции инженерных конструкций ткани. Для этой цели были созданы несколько кровеносных сосудов и prevascularization стратегии. Тем не менее, большинство клеток на основе подходов включают в себя трудоемкую пробирке шагов для формирования сети микрососудов. Таким образом, они не пригодны для интраоперационных одношаговыми процедур. Полученных из жировой ткани микрососудистых фрагментов (Ad-MVF) представляют собой перспективные единицы васкуляризации. Они легко могут быть выделены из жировой ткани и обладают функциональной морфологии микрососудов. Кроме того, они быстро собрать в новые микрососудистых сети после имплантации в естественных условиях. Кроме того, объявление-MVF было показано, чтобы вызвать лимфангиогенез. И, наконец, они являются богатым источником мезенхимальных стволовых клеток, которые могут дополнительно способствовать их высокому потенциалу васкуляризации. В предыдущих исследованиях мы показали замечательную vascularizatiпо мощности ад-м.ф. в сконструированных костей и кожи заменителя. В настоящее исследовании мы сообщаем о стандартизированном протоколе для ферментативного выделения ад-м.ф. из мышиной жировой ткани.

В настоящем исследовании мы провели шесть процедур изоляции ад-MVF с жировой ткани от 7- до 12-месячного мужчины дикого типа C57BL 6 мышей (средний вес тела: 35 ± 1 г) /. На рисунке 1 показана заготовка мышиных придатка жировых с последующей механической и ферментативно?...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Isolation of Murine Adipose Tissue-derived Microvascular Fragments as Vascularization Units for Tissue Engineering at JoVE.com

Isolation of Murine Adipose Tissue-derived Microvascular Fragments as Vascularization Units for Tissue Engineering

Мы представляем протокол для выделения полученных из жировой ткани фрагменты микрососудистой, которые представляют собой перспективные единицы васкуляризации. Они могут быть быстро изолированы, не требуют обработки в лабораторных условиях и, таким образом, могут быть использованы для одностадийного prevascularization в различных областях тканевой инженерии.

Выделение мышиных полученных из жировой ткани микрососудистых Фрагментов как васкуляризация единицы для тканевой инженерии

A functional microvascular network is of pivotal importance for the survival and integration of engineered tissue constructs. For this purpose, several ...

The overall goal of this procedure is to isolate microvascular fragments from murine adipose tissue for the generation of vascularization units for tissue engineering. This method can help answer key questions in the field of tissue engineering about the in vivo vascularization of tissue substitues. An advantage of this technique is that it yields fully functional microvascular segments without complex in vitro processing that can be seeded onto scaffolds and implanted into tissue defects.This method can also be applied to other systems such as in vitro angiogenesis assays to unravel molecular mechanisms underlying microvascular network formation and remodeling. Begin by placing an anesthetized male wild type C57 black six mouse in the supine position under a surgical stereomicroscope and confirm a lack of response to toe pinch. Immobilize the paws with tape and disinfect the abdomen.Next, use dissecting scissors to separate the abdominal layer from the underlying muscle tissue and make a midline laparotomy. Laterally unfold the flaps of the abdominal wall and bilaterally identify the testes, epididymus and the epididymal fat pads. Then use small preparation scissors and fine forceps to harvest the fat pads, taking care not to collect any epididymal tissue and place the fat pads into a petri dish containing 15 ml of 37 degrees celsius DMEM.In a laminar flow hood, wash the fat pads in three separate petri dishes containing 15 ml of PBS and place the washed fat into an empty 14 ml polypropylene tube. Use a tube scale to determine the volume of harvested fat. Then use fine scissors to mechanically mince the fat tissue.When a homogenous tissue suspension is obtained, use a 10 mL measuring pipet to transfer the minced tissue with two volumes of collaginase NB 4G into a 50 mL erlenmeyer flask containing a 25 millimeter stir bar. Place the flask in a cell culture incubator for 10 minutes under vigorous stirring. Then, observe 10 mcL of the digested tissue under a microscope.The most difficult step in this isolation procedure is identifying the appropriate time to stop the digestion. Digesting the fat pads for too long will result in a single cell suspension without any microvascular fragments. If the digestate contains free adipose tissue derived microvascular fragments next to single cells, neutralize the enzyme with two volumes of PBS supplemented with 20%FCS and transfer the cell vessel suspension into new polypropylene tubes.Incubate the solution for five minutes at 37 degrees celsius to separate the microvascular fragments from the remaining fat by gravity. Then, use a one mL precision pipet to carefully remove one mL of the main fat supernatent followed by the use of a 100 mcL precision pipet to remove the rest of the supernatent until the suspension appears to be fat free. When all of the fat has been removed, use a 10 mL measuring pipet to filter the cell vessel suspension through a 50 micron strainer over a 50 mL conical tube and transfer the filtered suspension into a new 14 mL polypropylene tube for each individual microvascular fragment isolate.Collect the microvascular fragment pellets by centrifugation and remove all but the last one mL of supernatent from each tube. Resuspend the pellets in the remaining supernatents. Then, transfer each suspension into individual 1.5 mL conical microcentrifuge tubes and pellet the microvascular fragments again for resuspension in the appropriate final volume of PBS and 20%FCS for the planned downstream analysis.Here, the length distribution of freshly isolated microvascular fragments from six, seven to twelve month old wild type C57 black six mice is shown, with a mean average length of approximately 42 micrometers observed. As this representative cell vessel suspension smear demonstrates, large, medium and small microvascular fragments as well as single cells are observed when the fat tissue has been sufficiently digested. Higher magnification reveals that the microvascular fragments exhibit a mature microvessel morphology with hierarchical microvessel segments.Characterization of the microvascular fragments by flow cytometry indicates that they contain CD31 positive endothelial cells, alpha smooth muscle acton positive paravascular cells and CD117 positive mesenchymal stem cells, marker expressing cells. After seeding on a dermal skin substitute, larger microvascular fragments are mainly localized on the implant's surface with some capillary vessel segments detected within the implant cores. Immunohystochemical staining of the seeded microvascular fragments further reveals physiological microvessel configurations with arteriolar, venular and capillary like fragments.Once mastered, this technique can be completed in two hours if performed properly. After watching this video, you should have a good understanding of how to isolate microvascular fragments from murine adipose tissue as vascularization units for tissue engineering.

Research

JoVE Journal

Bioengineering

Elastomeric PGS Scaffolds in Arterial Tissue Engineering

Эластомерные PGS Строительные леса в Артериальная тканевой инженерии

Cardiovascular disease is one of the leading cause of mortality in the US and especially, coronary artery disease increases with an aging population and ...

Postproduction Processing of Electrospun Fibres for Tissue Engineering

Озвучка обработка волокна Electrospun для тканевой инженерии

Electrospinning is a commonly used and versatile method to produce  scaffolds (often biodegradable) for 3D tissue engineering.1, 2, 3 Many tissues in vivo ...

Engineering Skeletal Muscle Tissues from Murine Myoblast Progenitor Cells and Application of Electrical Stimulation

Инженерные скелетных мышечных тканей из мышиных миобластов клеток-предшественников и применения электрической стимуляции

Engineered muscle tissues can be used for several different purposes, which include the production of tissues for use as a disease model in vitro, e.g. to ...

Tissue Engineering of the Intestine in a Murine Model

Tissue Engineering кишечника в мышиной модели

Tissue-engineered small intestine (TESI) has successfully been used to rescue Lewis rats after massive small bowel resection, resulting in return to ...

Capillary Force Lithography for Cardiac Tissue Engineering

Капиллярная сила Литография для сердечной тканевой инженерии

Cardiovascular disease remains the leading cause of death worldwide1. Cardiac tissue engineering holds much promise to deliver groundbreaking medical ...

Engineering 3D Cellularized Collagen Gels for Vascular Tissue Regeneration

Инженерные 3D Cellularized Коллаген Гели для сосудистой регенерации ткани

Synthetic materials are known to initiate clinical complications such as inflammation, stenosis, and infections when implanted as vascular substitutes. ...

Preparation of Thermoresponsive Nanostructured Surfaces for Tissue Engineering

Приготовление Thermoresponsive наноструктурированных поверхностей для тканевой инженерии

Thermoresponsive poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PIPAAm)-immobilized surfaces for controlling cell adhesion and detachment were fabricated by the ...

Tissue Engineering by Intrinsic Vascularization in an In Vivo Tissue Engineering Chamber

Tissue Engineering by Intrinsic Vascularization in an In Vivo Tissue Engineering Chamber

Тканевая инженерия по искробезопасности васкуляризации<em&gt; В Vivo</em&gt; Tissue Engineering палата

In reconstructive surgery, there is a clinical need for an alternative to the current methods of autologous reconstruction which are complex, costly and ...

A Microfluidic Platform for High-throughput Single-cell Isolation and Culture

Микрожидком Платформа с высокой пропускной способностью изоляции одноклеточные и культуры

Studying the heterogeneity of single cells is crucial for many biological questions, but is technically difficult. Thus, there is a need for a simple, yet ...

Two Methods for Decellularization of Plant Tissues for Tissue Engineering Applications

Два метода для Decellularization растительных тканей для приложений, инженерия тканей

The autologous, synthetic, and animal-derived grafts currently used as scaffolds for tissue replacement have limitations due to low availability, poor ...