Name: a novel mammary fat pad transplantation technique to visualize the vessel generation of vascular endothelial stem cells
Uploaded: 2017-08-03T13:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about A Novel Mammary Fat Pad Transplantation Technique to Visualize the Vessel Generation of Vascular Endothelial Stem Cells at JoVE.com

这项工作得到了中国国家自然科学基金（31530045和YAZ 31371500，QCY 31401245），中国科学技术部（2014CB964800），中国科学院（XDB19000000〜YAZ）和中国科学院细胞生物学学会（QCY早期职业奖学金）。

实验程序由中国科学院上海生物化学与细胞生物学研究所动物保护与使用委员会批准，经批准协议SIBCB-NAF-15-002-S335-003批准。 从小鼠乳腺中分离VESCs <ol><li> 乳腺收获和组织消化。 <ol><li>使用8周龄的Actin-GFP成熟的原始记录小鼠，重量范围在20至25g之间，作为组织供体。 注意：源自供体的细胞可以通过GFP表达轻易追踪。 </li><li>在RPMI1640中制备由5％胎牛血?...

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A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Identification+of+blood+vascular+endothelial+stem+cells+by+the+expression+of+protein+C+receptor.">Identification of blood vascular endothelial stem cells by the expression of protein C receptor.</a> Cell Res. 26 (10), 1079-1098 (2016).</li><li>Rios, A. C., Fu, N. Y., Lindeman, G. J., Visvader, J. E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=In+situ+identification+of+bipotent+stem+cells+in+the+mammary+gland.">In situ identification of bipotent stem cells in the mammary gland.</a> Nature. 506, 322-327 (2014).</li><li>Barker, N., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Identification+of+stem+cells+in+small+intestine+and+colon+by+marker+gene+Lgr5.">Identification of stem cells in small intestine and colon by marker gene Lgr5.</a> Nature. 449, 1003-1007 (2007).</li><li>Wang, D. S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Identification+of+multipotent+mammary+stemcells+by+protein+C+receptor+expression.">Identification of multipotent mammary stemcells by protein C receptor expression.</a> Nature. 517, 81-U201 (2015).</li><li>Stahl, A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+Mouse+Retina+as+an+Angiogenesis+Model.">The Mouse Retina as an Angiogenesis Model.</a> Invest Ophth Vis Sci. 51 (6), 2813-2826 (2010).</li><li>Mammoto, T., Mammoto, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Implantation+of+Fibrin+Gel+on+Mouse+Lung+to+Study+Lung-specific+Angiogenesis.">Implantation of Fibrin Gel on Mouse Lung to Study Lung-specific Angiogenesis.</a> J. Vis. Exp. 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血管生成测定法是研究血管动力学的一个很好的实验方法。已经被证明是研究血管生成的有吸引力的模型12 ，鼠后视网膜脉管系统。尽管它相对易于使用，但在视网膜血管床内的实际操作是相当困难的。到目前为止，最佳描述的体内移植是插塞测定法，其将细胞包围在基底膜基质块内，并在接受者小鼠的侧翼皮下手术植入/注射。这种血管生成测定在测试嵌入细胞的再生潜...

在发育和体内平衡过程中，根据器官生长和修复，血管生长和重塑真实地发生。血管生成描述了从先前存在的血管产生新血管，并被认为是介导这些动态血管变化的主要力量。每个血管内衬一层内皮细胞​​（ECs），它们似乎是血管结构的基础。长期以来，在稳态期间补充EC池的机制尚不清楚，并且提出血管周转是否是成熟的EC增殖的结果，还是血管干/祖细胞活性的贡献。由于缺乏直接的生理学证据，血管内皮细胞（VESCs）的存在和细胞同一性也是有争议的。 用于验证干细胞行为的最常用方法之一是通过transplan将推定的干细胞置于受体小鼠中。该方法测量候选干细胞在体内的干细胞潜能。移植首先应用于骨髓干细胞研究1 ，有助于建立造血系统的分层特征2 。在内皮区域，皮下插入侧腹皮下的基底膜基质（ 例如，基质胶）栓塞已经是用于解决移植的ECs的血管形成能力的标准体内血管生成测定法。多种实验方法，包括在3D培养系统和移植的集落形成，都建议潜在EC祖细胞/ VESC群3，4，5，6。然而，由于嵌入基底膜基质中的ECs相对分开周围组织，这不能提供充分探索移植细胞的血管生成潜力所需的最佳利基环境。结果，在矩阵塞内形成的血管主要是毛细血管样的，并且在功能上是不可测量的。 乳腺发育成熟，其中最强劲的生长发生在青春期和怀孕期间。在青春期阶段，乳腺上皮经历快速扩张，占据整个乳腺脂肪垫，伴随着周围血管结构的有效重塑。因此，乳腺为血管生成研究提供了极好的模型。它从生长的乳腺上皮提供空间，基质和丰富的血管生成刺激因素，因此是评估外源细胞血管生成潜力的理想的嫁接部位。此外，乳腺脂肪垫允许形成的外源血管与宿主循环系统整合，进一步促进f手术评估，代表皮下移植的优势。 虽然体外培养和移植测定作为研究细胞群的再生特性的有效方法，但是已知当细胞从其天然栖息地中取出时，这种测定可以刺激可塑性，并且当细胞从他们的生理环境7 。因此，获得细胞命运的直接体内证据是推进目前对内皮细胞群体行为的理解的关键方法。 遗传命运映射（ 即，体内谱系追踪）对于鉴定VESCs和调查其在体系中的性质是至关重要的，因为它可以在其生理环境中揭示体内干细胞行为，并且实际的干性可以是评估。沿袭traci提供了候选VESCs的长期持续性（ 即自我更新）及其产生组织的细胞类型（ 即分化能力）的能力的直接证据。 该方案描述了一种新型乳腺脂肪移植技术和谱系追踪方法来观察VESCs的血管生成能力。这些技术克服了当前可用测定的缺点，并提供了一种新的方法来最佳评估VESCs的干细胞特性。这些方法是可用于评估内皮群体的行为和血管形成性质以及确定病理环境中的血管细胞效力改变的有效工具。

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="1265">
	<tbody>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:407px;">0.05% Trypsin-Ethylene Diamine Tetraacetic Acid(EDTA) (1X)</td>
			<td style="width:263px;">Gibco (Life Technologies)</td>
			<td style="width:208px;">25300-062</td>
			<td style="width:387px;">0.05% Trypsin</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">0.22 &#181;m Filter Unit</td>
			<td>Merck Millipore Ltd.</td>
			<td>SLGP033RB</td>
			<td>0.22 &#181;m Filter</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">2-Methylbutanol-2, ReagentPlus</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>24, 048-6</td>
			<td>Tert Amyl Alcohol</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">222, Tribromethanol</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>T48402-25g</td>
			<td>222, Tribromethanol</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">4&#39;,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole(DAPI)</td>
			<td>Invitrogen</td>
			<td>D1306</td>
			<td>DAPI</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">70 &#181;m Cell Strainer</td>
			<td>BD FAL</td>
			<td>352350</td>
			<td>70 &#181;m Cell Strainer</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Adhesion Microscope Slides</td>
			<td>CITOGLAS</td>
			<td>188105</td>
			<td>Glass slides</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Anti-mouse CD105 APC</td>
			<td>eBioscience</td>
			<td>17-1051-82, clone MJ7/18</td>
			<td>for FACS analusis use at 1 &#181;g/mL</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Anti-mouse CD201 Biotin</td>
			<td>eBioscience</td>
			<td>13-2012-82</td>
			<td>for FACS analusis use at 2.5 &#181;g/mL</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Anti-mouse CD31 PE-Cyanine 7</td>
			<td>eBioscience</td>
			<td>25-0311-82, clone 390</td>
			<td>for FACS analusis use at 1 &#181;g/mL</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">BD FACSJazz Cell Sorter</td>
			<td>BD Biosciences</td>
			<td>655489</td>
			<td>FACS</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Bovine Serum Albumin</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>100190332</td>
			<td>BSA</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Centrifuge</td>
			<td>Eppendorf</td>
			<td>5810R</td>
			<td>Centrifuge</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Collagenase type 3</td>
			<td>Worthington-Biochem</td>
			<td>#LS004183</td>
			<td>Collagenase III</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Confocal microscopy</td>
			<td>Leica</td>
			<td>sp8</td>
			<td>Confocal</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Deoxyribonuclease I from bovine pancreas</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>D2463-5VL</td>
			<td>Dnase I</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Donkey anti-Rat Cy3</td>
			<td>Jackson ImmunResearch</td>
			<td>712-165-150</td>
			<td>Secondary antibody, use at 0.5 &#181;g/mL</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Dumont Forceps</td>
			<td>WPI</td>
			<td>500342</td>
			<td>Froceps</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Dumont Forceps - Micro-Blunted Tips</td>
			<td>FST</td>
			<td>11253-20</td>
			<td style="width:387px;">Forceps</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Fetal Bovine Serum</td>
			<td>Hyclone</td>
			<td>SH30396.03</td>
			<td>FBS</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">FITC Ms CD3/Gr1/CD11b/CD45R(B220)/Ter-119</td>
			<td>BioLegend</td>
			<td>78022</td>
			<td>Blood lineage cocktail for FACS analysis, use at 25 &#181;l per test</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Glycerol</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>G6279</td>
			<td>Glycerol</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Iscov&#39;s Modified Dulbecco&#39;s Medium</td>
			<td>Gibco (Life Technologies)</td>
			<td>12440-053</td>
			<td>IMDM</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Isolectin GS-IB4 from Griffonia Simplicifolia, Alexa Fluora&#160; 647</td>
			<td>Invitrogen</td>
			<td>Z32450</td>
			<td>Isolectin-647</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Matrigel&#160; Matrix (growth factor reduced)</td>
			<td>BD</td>
			<td>356231</td>
			<td>Matrigel</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Mouse strain (Actin-GFP)</td>
			<td>Jax Laboratories</td>
			<td>3773</td>
			<td>Actin-GFP</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Mouse strain (C57BL/6)</td>
			<td>SLAC</td>
			<td>C57BL/6</td>
			<td>C57BL/6</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Mouse strain&#160; (BALB/c nude)</td>
			<td>SLAC</td>
			<td>BALB/c nude</td>
			<td>Nude mice</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Paraformaldehyde</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>P6148</td>
			<td>PFA</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Penicilin Streptomycin</td>
			<td>Gibco (Life Technologies)</td>
			<td>5140-122</td>
			<td>Pen/Strep</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Phosphate Buffered Saline (pH7.2) 1X</td>
			<td>Gibco (Life Technologies)</td>
			<td>c20012500BT</td>
			<td>PBS</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">PRIM1640</td>
			<td>Gibco (Life Technologies)</td>
			<td>c11875500CP</td>
			<td>PRIM1640</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">ProLong Gold antifade reagent</td>
			<td>Life Technologies</td>
			<td>P36934</td>
			<td>Mounting Medium</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Rat anti CD144</td>
			<td>BD Biosciences</td>
			<td>550548</td>
			<td>for whole-mount analysis, anti-VE-Cadherin / Cdh5 antibdy for endothelial tight junction, use at 2.5 &#181;g/mL</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Rat anti CD31-biotin</td>
			<td>BD Biosciences</td>
			<td>553371</td>
			<td>for whole-mount analusis, anti-CD31/PECAM1 antibody for endothelial surface adhesion molecule, use at 10 ug/mL</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Red Cell Lysis Buffer</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>R7767-100ML</td>
			<td>Red blood cell lysing buffer</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Straight/Sharp-Blunt/10cm</td>
			<td>FST</td>
			<td>14028-10</td>
			<td>Fine Scissors</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Streptavidin eFluor 450</td>
			<td>eBioscience</td>
			<td>48-4317-82</td>
			<td>for FACS analysis use at 0.5 &#181;g/mL</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Tamoxifen</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>101551374</td>
			<td>TAM</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Triton X-100</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>T8787-250ML</td>
			<td>TritonX</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Wax Coated Braided Silk (Size 5-0 USP (1 Metric), 18 inches (45 cm) BLACK on C-1 Needle)</td>
			<td>COVIDIEN</td>
			<td>S1173</td>
			<td>Suture&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Sterile Disposable Scaplels</td>
			<td>Swann Morton</td>
			<td>#10</td>
			<td>Scalpel</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Betadine</td>
			<td>Yifeng Medical</td>
			<td align="right">20160101</td>
			<td>Antiseptic solution</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

a novel mammary fat pad transplantation technique to visualize the vessel generation of vascular endothelial stem cells

内皮细胞（ECs）是血管结构的基本组成部分，并介导血管生长和重建，以确保适当的血管发育和体内平衡。然而，由于缺乏获取途径的工具以及直接评价其在体内的行为，对内皮谱系等级的研究仍然难以捉摸。为了解决这个缺点，已经开发了一种使用乳腺脂肪垫研究血管生成的新组织模型。乳腺主要发生在产后阶段，包括青春期和怀孕，在此期间，强壮的上皮细胞增殖伴随着广泛的血管重塑。乳腺脂肪垫从生长的乳腺上皮提供空间，基质和丰富的血管生成刺激。此外，乳腺脂肪垫位于腹腔外部，使得它们是用于评估外源性细胞的血管生成潜力的易于接近的移植部位。这项工作也描述了一种效率使用荧光报告小鼠在体内特异性标记血管内皮干细胞（VESCs）的目标群体的nt追踪方法。这种谱系追踪方法与随后的组织全固定显微镜相结合，能够直接观察目标细胞及其后代，从而可以量化扩增能力，分化承诺可以命运映射。使用这些方法，最近在多个血管系统中鉴定了表达VESCs的双能蛋白C受体（Procr）群体。 Procr + VESCs，引起新的EC和周细胞，积极促进血管生成发育，体内平衡和损伤修复。总的来说，这份手稿描述了一种新的乳腺脂肪移植和体内谱系追踪技术，可用于评估VESCs的干细胞特性。

乳腺VESCs分离： 为了分离内皮细胞以进行随后的移植测定，收获成熟（8周龄）的原始小鼠乳腺作为供体材料。使用基于抗体的细胞分选技术分离内皮细胞。在8周龄的C57BL / 6乳腺EC中，VESC群体的FACS分析的代表性图示于图1 （图中已经允许从Yu 等 8获得）。 <p class="jove_step" fo:keep-toge...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about A Novel Mammary Fat Pad Transplantation Technique to Visualize the Vessel Generation of Vascular Endothelial Stem Cells at JoVE.com

A Novel Mammary Fat Pad Transplantation Technique to Visualize the Vessel Generation of Vascular Endothelial Stem Cells

这项工作展示了一种新的方法来评估通过乳腺脂肪移植移植血管内皮细胞（VESCs）的增殖，分化和血管形成潜力，然后进行全面的组织制备用于显微镜观察。还提出了研究VESCs 体内行为的谱系追踪策略。

新型乳腺脂肪移植技术可视化血管内皮干细胞的血管生成

Endothelial cells (ECs) are the fundamental building blocks of the vascular architecture and mediate vascular growth and remodeling to ensure proper ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Developmental Biology

Isolation of Murine Embryonic Hemogenic Endothelial Cells

小鼠胚胎Hemogenic内皮细胞的分离

The specification of hemogenic endothelial cells from embryonic vascular endothelium occurs during brief developmental periods within distinct tissues, ...

科研

发育生物学

An Efficient Method to Obtain Dedifferentiated Fat Cells

一个有效的方法获取反分化脂肪细胞

Tissue engineering and cell therapy hold great promise clinically. In this regard, multipotent cells, such as mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), may be used ...

Transfer of Mammary Gland-forming Ability Between Mammary Basal Epithelial Cells and Mammary Luminal Cells via Extracellular Vesicles/Exosomes

通过细胞外囊泡/外来体转移乳腺基质上皮细胞和乳腺腔细胞之间的乳腺形成能力

Cells can communicate via exosomes, ~100-nm extracellular vesicles (EVs) that contain proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. Non-adherent/mesenchymal ...

Horizontal Whole Mount: A Novel Processing and Imaging Protocol for Thick, Three-dimensional Tissue Cross-sections of Skin

水平整体安装：厚三维组织横截面皮肤的新型加工和成像方案

Processing a tissue of interest to generate a microscopic image that supports a scientific argument can be challenging. The acquisition of high-quality ...

Computational Analysis of the Caenorhabditis elegans Germline to Study the Distribution of Nuclei, Proteins, and the Cytoskeleton

Computational Analysis of the Caenorhabditis elegans Germline to Study the Distribution of Nuclei, Proteins, and the Cytoskeleton

秀丽线虫生殖的计算分析研究细胞核、蛋白质和细胞骨架的分布

The Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) germline is used to study several biologically important processes including stem cell development, apoptosis, and ...

Generation of 3D Skin Organoid from Cord Blood-derived Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

从脐带血源性多能干细胞中提取三维皮肤有机细胞

The skin is the body&#8217;s largest organ and has many functions. The skin acts as a physical barrier and protector of the body and regulates bodily ...

In Vitro Generation of Somite Derivatives from Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

人诱导多能干细胞体外生成体细胞衍生物的研究

In response to signals such as WNTs, bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), and sonic hedgehog (SHH) secreted from surrounding tissues, somites (SMs) give ...

Generation of Induced Neural Stem Cells from Peripheral Mononuclear Cells and Differentiation Toward Dopaminergic Neuron Precursors for Transplantation Studies

从外周单核细胞生成诱导神经干细胞,分化至多巴胺能神经元前体,用于移植研究

Parkinson&#39;s disease (PD) is caused by degeneration of dopaminergic (DA) neurons at the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) in the ventral ...

Assessment of Oxidative Damage in the Primary Mouse Ocular Surface Cells/Stem Cells in Response to Ultraviolet-C (UV-C) Damage

Assessment of Oxidative Damage in the Primary Mouse Ocular Surface Cells/Stem Cells in Response to Ultraviolet-C UV-C Damage

评估原小鼠眼部表面细胞/干细胞对紫外线-C （UV-C） 损伤的反应

The ocular surface is subjected to regular wear and tear due to various environmental factors. Exposure to UV-C radiation constitutes an occupational ...

Isolation of Endocardial and Coronary Endothelial Cells from the Ventricular Free Wall of the Rat Heart

从鼠心心室自由壁分离内膜细胞和冠状内皮细胞

It has been shown that endocardial endothelial cells (EECs) and coronary endothelial cells (CECs) differ in origin, development, markers, and functions. ...