Name: easy manipulation of architectures in protein-based hydrogels for cell culture applications
Uploaded: 2017-08-04T11:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Easy Manipulation of Architectures in Protein-based Hydrogels for Cell Culture Applications at JoVE.com

Os autores gostaria de agradecer seu apoio financeiro no quadro "Síntese de Material Bioinspirada" (BioMatS-14) Stiftung Baden-Württemberg.

1. hidrogel preparação
<ol>
	<li>Misture 200 mg de BSA com 1 mL de deionizada H2O para criar ações de BSA de 20% (p/v) (solução estoque A).</li>
	<li>Mix de 165 µ l da solução THPC (134 mg/mL) com 4,835 mL de água deionizada para criar THPC solução (solução B).</li>
	<li>Pesar 1 mg de peptídeo (1,111.1 g/mol) de KCSSGKSRGDS (ou um equivalente do celular-adesivo peptide) e diluí-la em 100 µ l de estéril H2O para obter uma solução de 10 mg/mL (solução C). Nota: Este passo é...

<ol>
	<li>Geckil, H., Xu, F., Zhang, X., Moon, S., Demirki, U. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Engineering+hydrogels+as+extracellular+matrix+mimics.">Engineering hydrogels as extracellular matrix mimics.</a> Nanomedicine. 5 (3), 469-484 (2011).</li><li>Liu, Y., Chan-Park, M. B. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+biomimetic+hydrogel+based+on+methacrylated+dextran-graft-lysine+and+gelatin+for+3D+smooth+muscle+cell+culture.">A biomimetic hydrogel based on methacrylated dextran-graft-lysine and gelatin for 3D smooth muscle cell culture.</a> Biomaterials. 31 (6), 1158-1170 (2010).</li><li>Raic, A., R&#246;dling, L., Kalbacher, H., Lee-Thedieck, C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Biomimetic+macroporous+PEG+hydrogels+as+3D+scaffolds+for+the+multiplication+of+human+hematopoietic+stem+and+progenitor+cells.">Biomimetic macroporous PEG hydrogels as 3D scaffolds for the multiplication of human hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells.</a> Biomaterials. 35 (3), 929-940 (2014).</li><li>Wong Po Foo, C. T. S., Lee, J. S., Mulyasasmita, W., Parisi-Amon, A., Heilshorn, S. C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Two-component+protein-engineered+physical+hydrogels+for+cell+encapsulation.">Two-component protein-engineered physical hydrogels for cell encapsulation.</a> Proc Nat Acad Sci USA. 106 (52), 22067-22072 (2009).</li><li>Zhu, J., Marchant, R. E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Design+properties+of+hydrogel+tissue-engineering+scaffolds.">Design properties of hydrogel tissue-engineering scaffolds.</a> Expert Rev Med Devic. 8 (5), 607-626 (2011).</li><li>Samaryk, V., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Versatile+Approach+to+Develop+Porous+Hydrogels+with+a+Regular+Pore+Distribution+and+Investigation+of+their+Physicomechanical+Properties.">Versatile Approach to Develop Porous Hydrogels with a Regular Pore Distribution and Investigation of their Physicomechanical Properties.</a> J Appl Polym Sci. 114 (4), 2204-2212 (2009).</li><li>Li, X. J., Valadez, A. V., Zuo, P., Nie, Z. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Microfluidic+3D+cell+culture:+potential+application+for+tissue-based+bioassays.">Microfluidic 3D cell culture: potential application for tissue-based bioassays.</a> Bioanalysis. 4 (12), 1509-1525 (2012).</li><li>Park, H., Guo, X., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Effect+of+Swelling+Ratio+of+Injectable+Hydrogel+Composites+on+Chondrogenic+Differentiation+of+Encapsulated+Rabbit+Marrow+Mesenchymal+Stem+Cells+In+Vitro.">Effect of Swelling Ratio of Injectable Hydrogel Composites on Chondrogenic Differentiation of Encapsulated Rabbit Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells In Vitro.</a> Biomacromolecules. 10 (3), 541-546 (2010).</li><li>Stokols, S., Tuszynski, M. H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+fabrication+and+characterization+of+linearly+oriented+nerve+guidance+scaffolds+for+spinal+cord+injury.">The fabrication and characterization of linearly oriented nerve guidance scaffolds for spinal cord injury.</a> Biomaterials. 25 (27), 5839-5846 (2004).</li><li>Sung, K. E., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Understanding+the+Impact+of+2D+and+3D+Fibroblast+Cultures+on+In+Vitro+Breast+Cancer+Models.">Understanding the Impact of 2D and 3D Fibroblast Cultures on In Vitro Breast Cancer Models.</a> PLoS One. 8 (10), 1-13 (2013).</li><li>Tsai, E. C., Dalton, P. D., Shoichet, M. S., Tator, C. H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Synthetic+hydrogel+guidance+channels+facilitate+regeneration+of+adult+rat+brainstem+motor+axons+after+complete+spinal+cord+transection.">Synthetic hydrogel guidance channels facilitate regeneration of adult rat brainstem motor axons after complete spinal cord transection.</a> J Neurotrauma. 21 (6), 789-804 (2004).</li><li>Shoichet, M. S., Li, R. H., White, M. L., Winn, S. R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Stability+of+hydrogels+used+in+cell+encapsulation:+An+in+vitro+comparison+of+alginate+and+agarose.">Stability of hydrogels used in cell encapsulation: An in vitro comparison of alginate and agarose.</a> Biotechnol Bioeng. 50 (4), 374-381 (1996).</li><li>Chiu, Y. -. C., Kocag&#246;z, S., Larson, J. C., Brey, E. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Evaluation+of+physical+and+mechanical+properties+of+porous+poly+(ethylene+glycol)-co-(L-lactic+acid)+hydrogels+during+degradation.">Evaluation of physical and mechanical properties of porous poly (ethylene glycol)-co-(L-lactic acid) hydrogels during degradation.</a> PloS One. 8 (4), e60728 (2013).</li><li>Jonker, A. M., L&#246;wik, D. W. P. M., van Hest, J. C. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Peptide-+and+Protein-Based+Hydrogels.">Peptide- and Protein-Based Hydrogels.</a> Chem Mater. 24 (5), 759-766 (2012).</li><li>Bodenberger, N., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Beyond+bread+and+beer:+whole+cell+protein+extracts+from+baker's+yeast+as+a+bulk+source+for+3D+cell+culture+matrices.">Beyond bread and beer: whole cell protein extracts from baker's yeast as a bulk source for 3D cell culture matrices.</a> Appl Microbiol Biot. 101 (5), 1-11 (2016).</li><li>Bodenberger, N., Paul, P., Kubiczek, D., Walther, P., Gottschalk, K. E., Rosenau, F. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+novel+cheap+and+easy+to+handle+protein+hydrogel+for+3D+cell+culture+applications+a+high+stability+matrix+with+tunable+elasticity+and+cell+adhesion+properties.">A novel cheap and easy to handle protein hydrogel for 3D cell culture applications a high stability matrix with tunable elasticity and cell adhesion properties.</a> Chem Sel. 1 (7), 1353-1360 (2016).</li><li>Agarwal, S., Wendorff, J. H., Greiner, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Use+of+electrospinning+technique+for+biomedical+applications.">Use of electrospinning technique for biomedical applications.</a> Polymer. 49 (26), 5603-5621 (2008).</li><li>Hong, J., deMello, A. J., Jayasinghe, S. N. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Bio-electrospraying+and+droplet-based+microfluidics:+control+of+cell+numbers+within+living+residues.">Bio-electrospraying and droplet-based microfluidics: control of cell numbers within living residues.</a> Biome Mater. 5 (2), 21001 (2010).</li><li>Jayasinghe, S. N., Irvine, S., McEwan, J. R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Cell+electrospinning+highly+concentrated+cellular+suspensions+containing+primary+living+organisms+into+cell-bearing+threads+and+scaffolds.">Cell electrospinning highly concentrated cellular suspensions containing primary living organisms into cell-bearing threads and scaffolds.</a> Nanomedicine. 2 (4), 555-567 (2007).</li><li>Selimovi&#263;, &. #. 3. 5. 2. ;., Oh, J., Bae, H., Dokmeci, M., Khademhosseini, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Microscale+strategies+for+generating+cell-encapsulating+hydrogels.">Microscale strategies for generating cell-encapsulating hydrogels.</a> Polymers. 4 (3), 1554-1579 (2012).</li><li>Annabi, N., Nichol, J. W., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Controlling+the+porosity+and+microarchitecture+of+hydrogels+for+tissue+engineering.">Controlling the porosity and microarchitecture of hydrogels for tissue engineering.</a> Tissue Eng Part B Rev. 16 (4), 371-383 (2010).</li><li>Lee, J., Cuddihy, M. J., Kotov, N. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Three-dimensional+cell+culture+matrices:+state+of+the+art.">Three-dimensional cell culture matrices: state of the art.</a> Tissue Eng Part B Rev. 14 (1), 61-86 (2008).</li><li>Bodenberger, N., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Evaluation+of+methods+for+pore+generation+and+their+influence+on+physio-chemical+properties+of+a+protein+based+hydroge.">Evaluation of methods for pore generation and their influence on physio-chemical properties of a protein based hydroge.</a> Biotech Rep. 12, 6-12 (2016).</li><li>Raja, S. T. K., Thiruselvi, T., Mandal, A. B., Gnanamani, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=pH+and+redox+sensitive+albumin+hydrogel:+A+self-derived+biomaterial.">pH and redox sensitive albumin hydrogel: A self-derived biomaterial.</a> Sci Rep. 5, 15977 (2015).</li><li>Hennink, W. E., van Nostrum, C. F. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Novel+crosslinking+methods+to+design+hydrogels.">Novel crosslinking methods to design hydrogels.</a> Adv Drug Deliver Rev. 64, 223-236 (2012).</li><li>Chung, C., Lampe, K. J., Heilshorn, S. C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Tetrakis(hydroxymethyl)+phosphonium+chloride+as+a+covalent+cross-linking+agent+for+cell+encapsulation+within+protein-based+hydrogels.">Tetrakis(hydroxymethyl) phosphonium chloride as a covalent cross-linking agent for cell encapsulation within protein-based hydrogels.</a> Biomacromolecules. 13 (12), 3912-3916 (2008).</li><li>Cal&#243;, E., Khutoryanskiy, V. V. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Biomedical+applications+of+hydrogels:+A+review+of+patents+and+commercial+products.">Biomedical applications of hydrogels: A review of patents and commercial products.</a> Eur Polym J. 65, 252-267 (2015).</li><li>Huang, H., Herrera, A. I., Luo, Z., Prakash, O., Sun, X. S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Structural+transformation+and+physical+properties+of+a+hydrogel-forming+peptide+studied+by+NMR,+transmission+electron+microscopy,+and+dynamic+rheometer.">Structural transformation and physical properties of a hydrogel-forming peptide studied by NMR, transmission electron microscopy, and dynamic rheometer.</a> Biophys J. 103 (5), 979-988 (2012).</li><li>Draghi, L., Resta, S., Pirozzolo, M. G., Tanzi, M. C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Microspheres+leaching+for+scaffold+porosity+control.">Microspheres leaching for scaffold porosity control.</a> J Mater Sci. 16 (12), 1093-1097 (2005).</li><li>Whang, K., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Engineering+Bone+Regeneration+with+Bioabsorbable+Scaffolds+with+Novel+Microarchitecture.">Engineering Bone Regeneration with Bioabsorbable Scaffolds with Novel Microarchitecture.</a> Tissue Eng. 5 (1), 35-51 (1999).</li><li>Ziv, K., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+tunable+silk-alginate+hydrogel+scaffold+for+stem+cell+culture+and+transplantation.">A tunable silk-alginate hydrogel scaffold for stem cell culture and transplantation.</a> Biomaterials. 35 (12), 3736-3743 (2014).</li><li>Butruk-Raszeja, B. A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Athrombogenic+hydrogel+coatings+for+medical+devices--Examination+of+biological+properties.">Athrombogenic hydrogel coatings for medical devices--Examination of biological properties.</a> Colloid Surface B. 130, 192-198 (2015).</li><li>L&#252;, S., Li, B., Ni, B., Sun, Z., Liu, M., Wang, Q. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Thermoresponsive+injectable+hydrogel+for+three-dimensional+cell+culture:+chondroitin+sulfate+bioconjugated+with+poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)+synthesized+by+RAFT+polymerization.">Thermoresponsive injectable hydrogel for three-dimensional cell culture: chondroitin sulfate bioconjugated with poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) synthesized by RAFT polymerization.</a> Soft Matter. 7 (22), 10763 (2011).</li><li>Ruoslahti, E., Pierschbacher, M. D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=New+perspectives+in+cell+adhesion:+RGD+and+integrins.">New perspectives in cell adhesion: RGD and integrins.</a> Science. 238 (4826), 491-497 (1987).</li></ol>

The production of macroporous matrices can be beneficial to many different fields. It has high technical and economic potential due to the defined structure of the hydrogel and the ability to control and tune specific material properties. However, the introduction of supramolecular structural elements, such as pores or channels, to a 3D template might influence the overall properties of a material, such as the swelling ratio or the stiffness. This can result in the undesired decomposition, degradation, or breakdown of th...

Hidrogel é materiais que formam redes 3D insolúveis capaz de ligação a grandes quantidades de água. Tais materiais podem fornecer excelentes condições ambientais para as células vivas. Atualmente, existe uma crescente interesse na geração de estruturas tridimensionais de hidrogel e no desenvolvimento de processos para adequar suas propriedades químicas e físicas. Uma vez que este é alcançado, um modelo para o crescimento das células e a manipulação do comportamento celular pode ser gerado1,2,3,4. Estas estruturas 3D não só criam um ambiente mais natural e realista do que abordagens convencionais bidimensionais, mas eles também revelar novas possibilidades para o crescimento de células-tronco ou tumor modelos5. Diferentes materiais possuem uma gama de características que principalmente depende do tamanho dos poros do gel de6. Os poros desempenham um papel crucial em aplicações de cultura de células, a engenharia de tecidos e o crescimento direcionado de células-tronco. Por exemplo, oxigênio e nutrientes difundem pela matrix, e quantidades adequadas devem ser capazes de atingir as células7. Por outro lado, metabólitos prejudiciais devem ser removidos logo que possível, e espaço suficiente para o crescimento da célula deve ser disponível7. Consequentemente, as propriedades do material e, portanto, o tamanho dos poros, influenciam severamente os potencial benefício e possível aplicações da matriz. Dependendo as propriedades do material, processos de crescimento de células diferentes podem ocorrer em cultura de células 3D, incluindo a formação de estruturas neuronais; o crescimento e diferenciação das células da pele ou osso; e o crescimento direcionado de linhas de células-tronco especiais, como hepatócitos ou fibroblastos2,3,8,9,10,11. Outro ponto crucial, influenciando a possível aplicação de um material é a sua estabilidade no sentido de estímulos externos12. Por exemplo, o hidrogel deve manter sua integridade mecânica em meios de cultura celular ou o corpo humano.
Nos últimos anos, pesquisas sobre cultura de células 3D hidrogel intensificou-se, e muitos estudos foram realizados para resolver as arquiteturas 3D dos sistemas13. Hidrogel composto por componentes quimicamente sintetizados mais comumente é investigados, porque podem ser facilmente sintetizados e quimicamente modificados e eles apresentam alta estabilidade (veja Zhu et al, 2011 para uma revisão)5. No entanto, as proteínas têm muitas propriedades benéficas: tão chamados "polímeros de precisão", eles são biocompatíveis; Eles têm um comprimento definido; Eles são relativamente fáceis de modificar; e eles têm um grande número de sites de destino14,15. A este respeito, estruturas inovadoras, altamente específicas podem ser geradas para aplicação em muitos campos. Neste estudo, um hidrogel à base de proteína de16 foi usado para demonstrar a capacidade de bem estabelecidos métodos para influenciar a arquitetura 3D do material. Além disso, a capacidade de e aplicabilidade para geração de poros também foi investigada.
Muitas técnicas diferentes estão disponíveis para modificar estruturas 3D, incluindo ambos os métodos simples e técnicas sofisticadas, altamente especializadas de diferentes áreas da ciência de materiais. Uma técnica comum é o uso de eletrofiação para gerar estruturas bem definidas17. Carregada de fibras são puxadas a partir de uma solução por um campo elétrico e em seguida solidificam após a exposição ao oxigênio. Desta forma, podem ser produzidas fibras no intervalo de vários nanômetros até alguns mícrons. Técnicas adicionais para ajustar o tamanho, estrutura e distribuição dos poros dentro da matriz são macia litografia, fotolitografia, focalização hidrodinâmica, electro-pulverização e bio-imprimir18,19,20. Uma desvantagem significativa dessas técnicas é sua dependência específico, caros equipamentos e produtos químicos especiais ou materiais. Além disso, a experiência com estas técnicas, muitas vezes não é diretamente transferível para materiais à base de proteínas, e muitos dos produtos químicos e métodos não são celulares compatíveis.
Por outro lado, muitas técnicas não se baseará equipamento especial, tornando-os mais fácil e mais barato para aplicar e reproduzir. Um método generalizado para manipulação de estrutura é solvente fundição21,22,23. As partículas são adicionadas antes da reação de polimerização e são distribuídas homogênea até para saturar a solução. Após a polimerização, uma mudança de condições, tais como uma diluição ou uma alteração de pH, leva para a solvatação das partículas, enquanto os poros permanecem dentro do material. Os produtos químicos utilizados nestas técnicas, tais como sal, açúcar, parafina, gelatina e giz, são baratas e prontamente disponíveis. Na liofilização, hidrogel inchadas está congelados. A sublimação subsequente das fases líquidas sob um vácuo é então realizada23,24,25. Sublimação da água da rede é suficientemente suave para manter as estruturas 3D específicas do material. Em gás de espuma, uma solução é transmitida com um gás durante a polimerização ocorre, deixando os poros dentro do gel de21. O tamanho e a distribuição dos poros podem ser ajustadas dependendo do fluxo de gás.
Para formar a proteína hidrogel, BSA é reagido com cloreto de tetrakis (hidroximetil) do phosphonium (THPC) em uma reação de Mannich-tipo para permitir a formação de ligações covalentes entre aminas primárias e os grupos hidroxi de 4 braços vinculador molécula26. Possíveis intermediários prejudiciais são removidos por lavagem excessiva do material, depois que a reação ocorre.
Este estudo demonstra a possibilidade de tratar de um material à base de BSA com diferentes técnicas para manipular e ajustar o tamanho dos poros. Cada uma das técnicas pode ser usada em qualquer laboratório em todo o mundo, como nenhum equipamento especial é necessário. Além disso, diferentes parâmetros, tais como inchaço ratio, degradabilidade enzimática, estabilidade do pH e sensibilidade à temperatura, foram examinados e comparados uns aos outros, especialmente respeitam à influência das diferentes técnicas na geração de arquiteturas 3D. Finalmente, os materiais foram acrescidos com peptídeos de célula-adesivo para investigar a possível aplicação dos materiais para cultura de células. Utilizaram-se duas linhas de célula diferente modelo: A549 e MCF7.

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="1102">
	<tbody>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:479px;">Phosphate Buffered Saline (PBS)</td>
			<td style="width:253px;">Thermo Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">10010023</td>
			<td style="width:228px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Dulbecco&#8217;s modified Eagle&#8217;s medium (high glucose)</td>
			<td>Life Technologies / Thermo Fisher&#160;</td>
			<td>11140-050</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Fetal Bovine Serum (FBS)</td>
			<td>Life Technologies / Thermo Fisher&#160;</td>
			<td>10270-106</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Penicillin-Streptomycin</td>
			<td>Life Technologies / Thermo Fisher&#160;</td>
			<td>15140122</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">MEM Nonessential Amino Acid Solution</td>
			<td>Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td>M7145-100ML</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Trypsin EDTA 0.05 % Phenol Red</td>
			<td>Thermo Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>25300062</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Ethanol 99.8 %, verg&#228;llt</td>
			<td>&#214;lfabrik Schmidt</td>
			<td>2133</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">NaCl&#160;</td>
			<td>Carl Roth&#160;</td>
			<td>9265.1</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Albumin Fraction V</td>
			<td>Carl Roth&#160;</td>
			<td>3854.2</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">THPC</td>
			<td>Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td>404861-100ML</td>
			<td>Toxic</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">0.1 % Triton X 100</td>
			<td>Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td>X100-100ML</td>
			<td>Slightly toxic</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Phalloidin-rhodamine&#160;</td>
			<td>Life Technologies / Thermo Fisher&#160;</td>
			<td>R415</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">3.7 % Formaldehyde&#160;</td>
			<td>Life Technologies / Thermo Fisher&#160;</td>
			<td>F8775-25ML</td>
			<td>Toxic</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Rhodamine B</td>
			<td>Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td>81-88-9</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Filtropur S 0.2,&#160;</td>
			<td>Sarsted Ag und Co.</td>
			<td>2 83.1826.001&#160;&#160;&#160;</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">&#181; slide 8 well</td>
			<td>Ibidi GmbH</td>
			<td>80826</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">KCSSGKSRGDS peptide</td>
			<td>UPEP Ulm</td>
			<td>Custom sysnthesis</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Ethanol 99.8 %, verg&#228;llt</td>
			<td>Carl Roth&#160;</td>
			<td>K928.5</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Falcon 5 ml Polysterene Round-Bottom Tube&#160;</td>
			<td>Sarsted Ag und Co.</td>
			<td>62.547.254&#160; &#160;&#160;</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Tubes 50 ml&#160;</td>
			<td>Sarsted Ag und Co.</td>
			<td>62.547.254&#160; &#160;&#160;</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Tubes 1,5 ml&#160;&#160;</td>
			<td>Sarsted Ag und Co.</td>
			<td>72,690,001</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Tubes 2 ml&#160;&#160;</td>
			<td>Sarsted Ag und Co.</td>
			<td>72,691</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">CELL CULTURE MICROPLATE, 96 WELL, PS, F-BOTTOM</td>
			<td>Greiner</td>
			<td>655073</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">FreezeDryer Epsilon 1-6D,&#160;</td>
			<td>Christ, Osterode am Harz, Germany</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Confocal Laser Scanning Microscope&#160;</td>
			<td>Carl Zeiss AG, Oberkochen, Germany</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Zen Software Version 2012 Sp1, black edition, 407 version 8,1,0,484</td>
			<td>Carl Zeiss AG, Oberkochen, Germany</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">GSA Imaga Analyzer Software, GSA Image Analyzer, GSA, Version 419 3.8.7</td>
			<td>GSA GmbH</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

easy manipulation of architectures in protein-based hydrogels for cell culture applications

Hidrogel é reconhecidos como materiais promissores para aplicações de cultura de células devido à sua capacidade para fornecer ambientes de célula altamente hidratado. O campo de modelos 3D está a aumentar devido à semelhança potencial desses materiais para a matriz extracelular natural. Hidrogel à base de proteínas é particularmente promissor, porque pode facilmente ser acrescidas e pode atingir estruturas definidas com propriedades físico-químicas ajustáveis. No entanto, a produção de modelos 3D de se para aplicações de cultura de células utilizando materiais naturais é muitas vezes limitada pela suas propriedades mecânicas mais fracas em comparação com as de materiais sintéticos. Aqui, diferentes métodos foram avaliados para produzir se albumina de soro bovino (BSA)-com base em sistemas de hidrogel, com tamanhos de poros ajustável na faixa de 10 a 70 µm no raio. Além disso, estabeleceu-se um método para gerar canais neste material à base de proteínas que são vários cem mícrons longos. Os diferentes métodos para produzir os poros, bem como a influência do tamanho dos poros em propriedades materiais, tais como inchaço ratio, pH, estabilidade de temperatura e comportamento de degradação enzimática, foram analisados. Tamanho dos poros foram investigado no estado nativo, inchado do hidrogel usando laser confocal, microscopia eletrônica de varredura. A viabilidade para aplicações de cultura de células foi avaliada com célula-adesivo RGD peptídeo modificação do sistema de proteína e duas linhas de célula modelo: células de câncer de mama humano (A549) e adenocarcinomic alveolares basais epiteliais células humanas (MCF7).

Hydrogel development has become one of the most prominent fields in material research-related biological studies, with thousands of entries indexed in scientific research archives. Although the behavior of many systems is well studied, the manipulation of 3D networks, especially of sensitive protein-based materials, is often a major issue in material science. Another commonly underestimated challenge is the correct measurement of the native structure of a material using cryo electron micr...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Easy Manipulation of Architectures in Protein-based Hydrogels for Cell Culture Applications at JoVE.com

Easy Manipulation of Architectures in Protein-based Hydrogels for Cell Culture Applications

Diferentes métodos para manipular a arquitetura tridimensional em hidrogel à base de proteínas são avaliados aqui com respeito a propriedades do material. As redes se são acrescidas com um peptídeo de célula-adesivo, e sua viabilidade na cultura de pilha é avaliada usando duas linhas de células de modelo diferente.

Fácil manipulação das arquiteturas em hidrogel à base de proteínas para aplicações de cultura de células

Hydrogels are recognized as promising materials for cell culture applications due to their ability to provide highly hydrated cell environments. The field ...

The overall goal of this methodology is to create macroporous hydrogels with varying pore sizes for cell culture applications. This method can help answer key questions in the field of 3D cell culture such as the principle feasibility of a novel hydrogel material for 3D cell culture applications. The main advantage of this methodology is that it offers a range of techniques to optimize and adjust a novel material to the requirements of different types of cells.To begin, dilute one milligram of the RGD peptide or an equivalent cell adhesive peptide in 100 microliters of sterile water to obtain the 10 milligram per milliliter solution. Next, remove the bottom of a 96 well plate and replace it with removal plastic wrap. Mix 100 microliters of BSA stock solution and 100 microliters of THPC stock solution in the 96 well plate to obtain 200 microliters of the hydrogel.Mix the components by pipetting up and down at least five times to guarantee a uniform hydrogel after polymerization. Place the 96 well plate at room temperature for about 10 minutes until all hydrogels are properly polymerized. Following polymerization, carefully and slowly remove the plastic wrap from the bottom of the plate.Press the hydrogels out of the 96 well plate using a small stab and transfer them to 1.5 milliliter tubes with sterile PBS pH 7.4. Store the hydrogels in phosphate buffered saline at four degrees Celsius for up to several months. To freeze-dry the hydrogels, first fill 1.5 milliliter tubes with 500 microliters of sterile deionized water and remove the caps.Transfer the hydrogels to the 1.5 milliliter reaction tubes using forceps. Wrap the 1.5 milliliter tubes tightly with paraffin film using at least three layers for each vial. Use a needle to pierce small holes in the film to enable gas release from the tubes.To guarantee that the water and hydrogel completely freeze, transfer the vial to liquid nitrogen solution for five minutes. Immediately after removal from the liquid nitrogen, transfer the vials to the freeze-dryer to prevent the material from thawing. As an alternative freezing step, keep the vials at minus 20 degrees Celsius overnight to slowly freeze the hydrogels.Immediately after removal from minus 20 degrees Celsius, transfer the vials to the freeze-dryer to prevent the material from thawing. After 24 hours and the complete evaporation of the water in and around the hydrogel, thaw the material by removing it from the freeze-dryer. For particle leaching, mix the components of the hydrogel as before.Following mixing, immediately add sodium chloride until saturation occurs. Add salt until salt crystals can be seen in the solution as a white precipitate. Pore sizes can be altered by grinding the salt crystals prior to use.Transfer the 96 well plate to a shaker and shake until polymerization takes place. After about 10 minutes, remove the hydrogels from the plate as before. Incubate the hydrogels for at least 24 hours at room temperature in sterile water on a rotator to elute all salt from the hydrogel template.Store the hydrogels at four degrees Celsius in PBS for up to several months. For gentle formation, prepare hydrogels as described. Then remove a hydrogel from solution using a pincer.Remove the excess water with highly absorbent paper and place it on top of a block of dry ice. Freeze the hydrogel for 30 seconds and carefully remove it from the block. Do not damage the hydrogel.Carefully use a spatula to scrape it off the block. Transfer the hydrogel to a 1.5 milliliter tube and dry it overnight at 37 degrees Celsius. Prepare a Rhodamine B stock solution as well as serial dilutions as described in the text protocol.Remove the hydrogel from the stored solution and transfer it to a 1.5 milliliter tube with one milliliter of 0.01 milligram per milliliter Rhodamine B solution. Stain the hydrogel overnight in Rhodamine B solution at room temperature. The next day, transfer the hydrogel that is to be visualized to 10 milliliters of PBS and wash for at least three hours.Cut small slices out of the hydrogel using a blade. Then transfer the hydrogel onto an eight well microscopic slide and cover it with PBS. Using a confocal laser scanning microscope, visualize the hydrogel at a wavelength of 514 nanometers.Sterile filter all stock solutions with a 0.45 micron filter. Begin preparation of the hydrogel and include the cell adhesive peptide prior to hydrogel polymerization. After mixing the components, immediately pipette the mixture into an eight well microscopic slide until the bottom is completely covered.Transfer the cells into pre-warmed sterile DMEM cell culture medium supplemented with fetal bovine serum, penicillin streptomycin, and nonessential amino acid solution. After counting the cells with a Neubauer counting chamber, carefully pipette 200 microliters of the desired number of cells onto the hydrogel surface. Cover the eight well microscopic slide with a lid and transfer it to an incubator.After at least four hours of cellular attachment, wash the cells twice with 200 microliters of sterile cell culture PBS. Next, fix the cells with 200 microliters of 3.7%formaldehyde for 10 minutes at room temperature and wash twice with PBS. Permeabilize the cells with 200 microliters of 0.1%Triton X for five minutes before washing twice more with PBS.Stain the cells with Toluidine Rhodamine by mixing five microliters of methanolic stock with 195 microliters of PBS and adding it to the cells at room temperature. Stain the cells for 20 minutes in the dark before washing twice with PBS. Investigate the cell adhesion properties using a confocal microscope at 514 nanometers.Analyze the hydrogel properties as described in the text protocol. As shown here, the polymerized and stained hydrogels have no distinctive architectures. After freeze-drying the hydrogels at different temperatures, the average size of the pores within the hydrogel can be extended up to 60 microns.Salt leaching results in uniform networks with pore sizes of about 10 microns. The size can be further adjusted by grinding salt crystals prior to use. The use of a gradient freezing approach on a block of dry ice leads to the formation of channels with a diameter of about 20 microns and a length of several hundreds of microns.Prior to functionalization with the cell adhesive moiety, cells cannot adhere to the surface of the hydrogel and show a round morphology. Only after providing the material with the cell adhesive peptide, the cells find focal adhesion points which enable a proper adhesion of the cell onto a material. This is crucial for use of novel materials in 3D cell culture applications.After watching this video, you should have a good understanding of how to manipulate a hydrogel's architecture with simple methods. This method can be applied for most novel hydrogel systems to learn about the use in cell culture and to optimize the hydrogel's architecture depending on the intended use.

Research

JoVE Journal

Biochemistry

Preparation of Homogeneous MALDI Samples for Quantitative Applications

Preparação de Amostras de MALDI homogênea para Aplicações quantitativas

This protocol demonstrates a simple sample preparation to reduce spatial heterogeneity in ion signals during matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization ...

Bioquímica

Single-molecule Manipulation of G-quadruplexes by Magnetic Tweezers

Manipulação de único-molécula de G-quadruplexes por pinça magnética

Non-canonical nucleic acid secondary structure G-quadruplexes (G4) are involved in diverse cellular processes, such as DNA replication, transcription, RNA ...

A Fluorogenic Peptide Cleavage Assay to Screen for Proteolytic Activity: Applications for coronavirus spike protein activation

Um ensaio de clivagem de peptídeo Fluorogenic para triagem de atividade proteolítica: aplicações para coronavirus spike ativação de proteína

Enveloped viruses such as coronaviruses or influenza virus require proteolytic cleavage of their fusion protein to be able to infect the host cell. Often ...

Study on the Metabolism of Six Systemic Insecticides in a Newly Established Cell Suspension Culture Derived from Tea (Camellia Sinensis L.) Leaves

Study on the Metabolism of Six Systemic Insecticides in a Newly Established Cell Suspension Culture Derived from Tea Camellia Sinensis L. Leaves

Estudo sobre o metabolismo de seis inseticidas sistêmicas em uma cultura de suspensão celular recém-estabelecida derivada do chá (Camellia sinensis L.) Folhas

A platform for studying insecticide metabolism using in vitro tissues of tea plant was developed. Leaves from sterile tea plantlets were induced to form ...

Cell Culture on Silicon Nitride Membranes and Cryopreparation for Synchrotron X-ray Fluorescence Nano-analysis

Cultura celular em membranas de nitreto de silício e criopreparação para a fluorescência de raios-X synchrotron Nano-análise

Very little is known about the distribution of metal ions at the subcellular level. However, those chemical elements have essential regulatory functions ...

Quantitative Analysis of the Cellular Lipidome of Saccharomyces Cerevisiae Using Liquid Chromatography Coupled with Tandem Mass Spectrometry

Quantitative Analysis of the Cellular Lipidome of Saccharomyces Cerevisiae Using Liquid Chromatography Coupled with Tandem Mass Spectrometry

Análise Quantitativa do Lipidome Celular de Saccharomyces Cerevisiae Usando Cromatografia Líquida Juntamente com Espectrometria de Massa de Tandem

Lipids are structurally diverse amphipathic molecules that are insoluble in water. Lipids are essential contributors to the organization and function of ...

Transverse Sectioning of Mature Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Kernels for Scanning Electron Microscopy Imaging Using Pipette Tips as Immobilization Support

Transverse Sectioning of Mature Rice Oryza sativa L. Kernels for Scanning Electron Microscopy Imaging Using Pipette Tips as Immobilization Support

Secção Transversa de Arroz Maduro (Oryza sativa L.) Kernels para digitalização de imagens de microscopia eletrônica usando dicas de pipeta como suporte à imobilização

Starch granules (SGs) exhibit different morphologies depending on the plant species, especially in the endosperm of the Poaceae family. Endosperm ...

Quantitative Metabolomics of Saccharomyces Cerevisiae Using Liquid Chromatography Coupled with Tandem Mass Spectrometry

Quantitative Metabolomics of Saccharomyces Cerevisiae Using Liquid Chromatography Coupled with Tandem Mass Spectrometry

Metabolômica Quantitativa de Saccharomyces Cerevisiae Usando cromatografia líquida juntamente com espectrometria de massa tandem

Metabolomics is a methodology used for the identification and quantification of many low-molecular-weight intermediates and products of metabolism within ...

Continuous Fluorescence-Based Endonuclease-Coupled DNA Methylation Assay to Screen for DNA Methyltransferase Inhibitors

Ensaio de metilação de DNA acoplado à endonuclease à base de fluorescência contínua para triagem de inibidores da DNA metiltransferase

DNA methylation, a form of epigenetic gene regulation, is important for normal cellular function. In cells, proteins called DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs) ...

A Triple Primary Cell Culture Model of the Human Blood-Brain Barrier for Studying Ischemic Stroke In Vitro

A Triple Primary Cell Culture Model of the Human Blood-Brain Barrier for Studying Ischemic Stroke In Vitro

Um Modelo de Cultura de Células Primárias Triplas da Barreira Hematoencefálica Humana para o Estudo do Acidente Vascular Cerebral Isquêmico In Vitro