Name: a mouse 5/6th nephrectomy model that induces experimental uremic cardiomyopathy
Uploaded: 2017-11-07T12:30:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about A Mouse 5/6th Nephrectomy Model That Induces Experimental Uremic Cardiomyopathy at JoVE.com

Bu eser NIH R15 1R15DK106666-01A1 (için J. Liu) ve NIH RO1 HL071556 (için J.I. Shapiro) tarafından desteklenmiştir.

tüm hayvan bakımı ve deneyler Marshall Üniversitesi Kurumsal hayvan bakımı ve kullanımı Komitesi (IACUC) uygun olarak Ulusal kurumları Sağlık (NIH) Kılavuzu tarafından bakım ve laboratuvar hayvanlarının kullanım için onaylanmıştır. Erkek C57BL/6 fare (10-12 haftalık) bir patojen ücretsiz hayvan tesiste 12 h açık/koyu döngüsü altında saflaştırılmış hava tedarik kafesleri belirlenmiş odalarda yer alan. Yiyecek ve su vardı sağlanan ad libitum.
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Sıçan 5/6inci PNx modeli yaygın CKD çalışma için kullanılmıştır. Çok daha küçük böbrek boyutu nedeniyle Mouse, klasik arter ligasyonu ve Kutup rezeksiyon mümkün yüksek mortalite oranları ve beklenmedik kanama/kan kaybı ile fare modellerinde çok zor.
Kutup ligasyonu kanamayı/kan kaybı üstesinden gelmek için bir fare PNx modeliyle evlat edindik. Bu PNx modeli geliştirilmiş sağkalım oranı ve yüksek tekrarlanabilirlik ile daha kısa sürer. Bu kutup ligas...

CKD, olarak da bilinen kronik böbrek yetmezliği, böbrek fonksiyon ilerici kaybı sonunda kalıcı böbrek yetmezliği gelişir zaman sona erdi. Son aşama böbrek hastalığı (ESRD), erken aşamada böbrek hastalığı devletlerden CKD kardiyovasküler hastalık ve ölüm için büyük bir risk faktörüdür ve giderek "üremik kardiyomiyopati"1, adlı klinik fenotip geliştirir 2,3. Üremik kardiyomiyopati CKD veya ESRD olan hastalarda kardiyovasküler anormallikler, özellikle aşırı sol ventrikül (LV) basınç ve/veya LV hipertrofisi (SVH), LV dilatasyon ve LV sistolik disfonksiyon4 giden birim, neden ile ilişkilidir ,5,6. Kardiyak fibrozis başka bir ortak patolojik kalp uyum LV diyastolik disfonksiyonu kaynaklanan azaltır üremik kardiyomiyopati sürecidir. Ciddi kardiyak fibrozis ani kardiyak ölüm kardiyak belirtiler7olmayanlar içinde bile yol açabilir.
5/6inci PNx böbrek yetmezliği, üremik kardiyomiyopati ve hipertansiyon hayvan çalışmaları için yaygın olarak kullanılan CKD hayvan modeli olduğunu. PNx 5/6 böbrek parankimi ablasyon tarafından sağlanır. Fare modeli başlangıçta en yaygın iki ile geliştirilmiş iletişim kuralları istihdam cerrahi rezeksiyon veya enfarktüsü olmak. Sıçan PNx modeli ile kan basıncı, kalp hipertrofisi ve Engelli diyastolik fonksiyon önemli yükselmeler üremik kardiyomiyopati çalışmaya son derece yararlı bir modeldir. Daha sonra fare PNx modelleri, benzer teknikleri ile fare modeli olarak işletilen geniş yer ve genetik manipülasyon fare sisteminde yapma kolaylığı nedeniyle geliştirilmiştir.
İyi belgelenmiş sistemik oksidan stres her iki klinik ve deneysel üremik kardiyomiyopati8,9sabit bir özelliktir. Ayrıca, oksidan stres üremik Sendromu10' a katkıda bulunur ve üremik kardiyomiyopati11,12,13' te görülen kalp anormallikleri patogenezinde kritik bir rol oynamaktadır. Şu ana kadar biz bu göstermiştir kemirgen 5/6inci PNx modelinin belirsizleşmesine neden olur fizyolojik, morfolojik ve biyokimyasal özellikleri üremik kardiyomiyopati14,15,16, 17. burada açıklanan fare PNx modelde PNx ile çalışan fareler önemli oksidatif stres, en azından kısmen aracılı Na/K-ATPaz deneysel üremik kardiyomiyopati PNx-aracılı önemlidir fonksiyonlu tarafından geliştirilmiştir. Na/K-ATPaz sinyal zayıflama sadece oksidatif amplifikasyon azaltır, ama aynı zamanda PNx-aracılı deneysel üremik kardiyomiyopati18phenotypical değişimler matlaşmış.

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a mouse 5/6th nephrectomy model that induces experimental uremic cardiomyopathy

Kronik böbrek hastalığı (CKD) kardiyovasküler hastalık ve ölüm için büyük bir risk faktörüdür ve giderek "üremik kardiyomiyopati" denilen klinik fenotip geliştirir. Burada dört hafta ameliyat sonrası, üremik kardiyomiyopati geliştirilen kutup ligasyonu ile 5/6inci kısmi nefrektomi (PNx) adında bir deneme CKD fare modeli açıklar. Bu PNx model iki aşamalı cerrahi ile gerçekleştirildi. Adım-bir ameliyatta her iki Polonyalılar sol böbrek tane. 7 gün sonra adım-bir ameliyat gerçekleştirildi, adım iki ameliyatta sağ böbrek kaldırıldı. Sham ameliyat için aynı cerrahi prosedürler yapıldı ama olmadan ligasyonu sol böbrek veya sağ böbrek kaldırılması kutup. Cerrahi işlemler diğer yöntemlerine göre daha kolay ve daha az zaman alıcı. Ancak, kalan fonksiyonel renal kitle kolayca renal arter ligasyonu kontrol edilmez. Dört hafta sonra ameliyat, sham çalışan fareler karşılaştırıldığında PNx fareler geliştirilen bozulmuş böbrek fonksiyonu, anemi, kalp hipertrofisi, kardiyak fibrozis ve kalp sistolik ve diyastolik fonksiyonu azalmıştır.

Bu değiştirilmiş verileri belirtilen 5/6inci kutup ligasyonu tarafından PNx modelidir üremik kardiyomiyopati araştırmak için basit ve etkili bir model. Dört hafta ameliyat sonrası, bu PNx modeli sunar bozulmuş böbrek fonksiyonu, anemi, kalp hipertrofisi, kardiyak fibrozis ve kalp sistolik ve diyastolik fonksiyonu azalmıştır. Sonuçları aşağıda özetlenmiştir.
Dört hafta ameliyat s...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about A Mouse 5/6th Nephrectomy Model That Induces Experimental Uremic Cardiomyopathy at JoVE.com

A Mouse 5/6th Nephrectomy Model That Induces Experimental Uremic Cardiomyopathy

Bu el yazması fare 5/6inci kısmi nefrektomi (PNx) kutup ligasyonu ile gerçekleştirmek için detaylı iki aşamalı cerrahi işlem sağlar. Dört hafta sonra ameliyat, fareler, sham işletilen ile karşılaştırıldığında PNx fareler geliştirilen bozulmuş böbrek fonksiyonu, anemi, kalp hipertrofisi, kardiyak fibrozis ve kalp sistolik ve diyastolik fonksiyonu azalmıştır.

Deneysel üremik kardiyomiyopati indükler bir fare 5/6inci nefrektomi modeli

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a great risk factor for cardiovascular disease events and mortality, and progressively develops to the clinical phenotype ...

The overall goal of this procedure is to set up a simple mouse five-sixth partial nephrectomy model with pole ligation with a better survival rate than traditional models. This method can help answer key questions in the chronic kidney disease field about the development and potential therapeutic treatment of uremic cardiomyopathy. The main advantage of this technique is that it is an easy and consistently reproducible animal model that mimics the pathology of chronic kidney disease in human patients.Generally, individuals new to this method will struggle because of the much smaller kidneys, blood vessels, and ureters in the mouse. Begin by confirming the appropriate level of sedation by a lack of response to toe pinch and applying lubricant to the mouse's eyes. Place the mouse on a warming pad and insert a rectal thermometer to maintain the body temperature around 37 degrees Celsius during the procedure.Then, place the animal onto its right side and shave the hair over the surgical area. Remove any remaining hair with depillatory cream and disinfect the exposed skin with polyhydroxy dine solution and 70%ethanol. Align an autoclave surgical linen over the surgery site.And make an approximately one-centimeter lumbar incision through the skin and muscle tissue. Using the scalpel and forceps, separate the muscle and fascia to expose the left kidney. Then, use small blunt forceps to gently pull on the perirenal fat to extract the kidney from the abdominal cavity.Gently tease the connective tissue and adrenal gland from the superior end of the kidney towards the middle pylorus of the organ where the blood vessels enter and exit the renal tissue. Isolate the ureter around the inferior half of the kidney within the connective tissue, and gently separate the connective tissue from the kidney to ensure that the ureter is not ligated. It is essential to separate the connective tissue carefully so that the ureter is not damaged and does not bleed.Isolate the ureter around the inferior half of the kidney within the connective tissue. Then, use three zero silk suture strings to ligate the kidney approximately 0.4 centimeters from the superior portion, toward the middle of the pylorus and 0.4 centimeters from the inferior portion towards the pylorus. When tightening the sutures, apply just enough tension to compromise the blood supply to the distal portion of the kidney without causing bleeding on either side.If no bleeding is observed after two minutes, gently return the kidney to its original anatomic location, and use four zero and three zero sutures to close the muscle and skin layers respectively. Then, apply antibiotic ointment to the surgical area and house the mouse individually with a heat lamp and monitoring until sternal recumbency. Seven days after the polar ligation, expose the right kidney as just demonstrated.Use blunt forceps to clear the surrounding fat and connective tissue, and loosely place two three zero silk sutures around the renal artery and vein. Gently tease the connective tissue and adrenal gland from the superior end of the kidney towards the middle pylorus. Gently displacing the ureter from the inferior end of the tissue, untie all of the vessels together without causing bleeding.Next, move one loose ligature knot toward the abdominal aorta side, and the second loose ligature toward the kidney side. And tie off the abdominal aorta ligature with double knots. A solid knot will change the color of the right kidney.Tie off the second ligature knot with double knots, leaving spaces between the knots so the vessels can be cut, and cut the renal vessels. After removing the kidney, close the muscle and skin layers as just demonstrated. Then, dry the kidney with sterile gauze and weigh the harvested renal tissue.At four weeks post-surgery, the partial nephrectomy mice demonstrate significantly increased levels of cyctatin C, creatinine, and blood urea nitrogen in the plasma compared to sham surgery animals. Partial nephrectomy stimulated anemia is also apparent, as evidenced by the significantly lower hematocrit levels in the polar ligated animals. Cardiac hypertrophy and diastolic dysfunction in the partially nephrectomized mice are indicated by an increased heart-to-body-weight ratio and by transthoracic echocardiography analysis which reveals significant increases in the posterior and anterior wall thicknesses, the myocardial performance index, and the left ventricle mass index.Partial nephrectomy mediated cardiac fibrosis is also demonstrated by increases in type 1 collagen expression in left ventricle homogenates and left remnant kidney homogenates. Further, oxidant stress places an important role in the experimental uremic cardiomyopathy, significantly stimulating direct protein carbonylation modification of multiple proteins and proto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase activation in the left ventricle homogenates. Once mastered, this technique can be completed in 40 minutes if it is performed properly.While attempting this procedure, it's important to remember to check the respiration rate of the animal and to adjust the isofluranes as appropriate. Following this procedure, other experiments like comparing the effects of specific drug treatments on partial nephrectomy recovery can be performed to answer traditional questions about specific therapeutic treatments of interest. After its development, this technique paved the way for researchers in the field of chronic kidney disease to explore the pathology of and potential drug screening in uremic cardiomyopathy.After watching this video, you should have a good understanding of how to set up a partial nephrectomy model in the mouse.

Research

JoVE Journal

Biology

A Mouse 5/6th Nephrectomy Model That Induces Experimental Uremic Cardiomyopathy

In vivo Imaging and Therapeutic Treatments in an Orthotopic Mouse Model of Ovarian Cancer

In vivo Imaging and Therapeutic Treatments in an Orthotopic Mouse Model of Ovarian Cancer

In vivo Görüntüleme ve Yumurtalık Kanseri Ortotopik Fare Modeli Tedavi Tedaviler

Human cancer and response to therapy is better represented in orthotopic animal models.  This paper describes the development of an orthotopic mouse model ...

Biyoloji

Oct4GiP Reporter Assay to Study Genes that Regulate Mouse Embryonic Stem Cell Maintenance and Self-renewal

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An Analytical Tool that Quantifies Cellular Morphology Changes from Three-dimensional Fluorescence Images

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The most common software analysis tools available for measuring fluorescence images are for two-dimensional (2D) data that rely on manual settings for ...

Strategies for Tracking Anastasis, A Cell Survival Phenomenon that Reverses Apoptosis

Takip inişi, Apoptosisi tersine Cep Survival Fenomeni için Stratejiler

Anastasis (Greek for &#8220;rising to life&#8221;) refers to the recovery of dying cells. Before these cells recover, they have passed through important ...

Trans-inner Cell Mass Injection of Embryonic Stem Cells Leads to Higher Chimerism Rates

Trans-iç hücre embriyonik kök hücrelerin kitle enjeksiyon daha yüksek Chimerism oranları için yol açar.

In an effort to increase efficiency in the creation of genetically modified mice via ES Cell methodologies, we present an adaptation to the current ...

A Mouse Model of Intestinal Partial Obstruction

Bağırsak kısmi tıkanıklık bir fare modeli

Intestinal obstructions, that impede or block peristaltic movement, can be caused by abdominal adhesions and most gastrointestinal (GI) diseases including ...

Purification of Platelets from Mouse Blood

Fare kan trombosit arıtma

Platelets are purified from whole blood to study their functional properties, which should be free from red blood cells (RBC), white blood cells (WBC), ...

A Laser Capture Microdissection Protocol That Yields High Quality RNA from Fresh-frozen Mouse Bones

Taze Dondurulmuş Fare Kemiklerinden Yüksek Kaliteli RNA Veren Lazer Yakalama Mikrodisksiyon Protokolü

RNA yield and integrity are decisive for RNA analysis. However, it is often technically challenging to maintain RNA integrity throughout the entire laser ...

Mass Spectrometry Analysis to Identify Ubiquitylation of EYFP-tagged CENP-A (EYFP-CENP-A)

Mass Spectrometry Analysis to Identify Ubiquitylation of EYFP-tagged CENP-A EYFP-CENP-A

EYFP etiketli CENP-A (EYFP-CENP-A) Ubiquitylation tanımlamak için Kütle Spektrometresi Analizi

Studying the structure and the dynamics of kinetochores and centromeres is important in understanding chromosomal instability (CIN) and cancer ...

Skeletal Phenotype Analysis of a Conditional Stat3 Deletion Mouse Model

Skeletal Phenotype Analysis of a Conditional Stat3 Deletion Mouse Model

Koşullu Stat3 Silme Fare Modelinin İskelet Fenotip Analizi

Transgenic mouse models are powerful for understanding the critical genes controlling osteoclast differentiation and activity, and for studying mechanisms ...