Name: effects of transcranial alternating current stimulation on the primary motor cortex by online combined approach with transcranial magnetic stimulation
Uploaded: 2017-09-23T13:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Effects of Transcranial Alternating Current Stimulation on the Primary Motor Cortex by Online Combined Approach with Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation at JoVE

Denne undersøgelse blev støttet af russisk Science Foundation tilskud (kontrakt antal: 17-11-01273). En særlig tak til Andrey Afanasov og kolleger fra multifunktionelle innovationscenter for tv-Technics (National forskning University, højere School of Economics, Moskva, Rusland) for video-optagelse og redigering af video.

alle procedurer blev godkendt af den lokale forskning etiske komité i den højere School of Economics (HSE), Moskva, med samtykke fra alle deltagere.
 Bemærk: deltagere skal rapportere ingen historie implanterede metal enheder, neurologisk eller psykiatrisk sygdom, stofmisbrug eller alkoholisme. TMS bruges ifølge den seneste sikkerhed retningslinjer 20. Fag skal underrettes fuldt ud om arten af den forskning og tegn en informeret samtykkeerklæring før du starter ...

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Denne tilgang repræsenterer en enestående mulighed for at teste direkte online virkningerne af TAC'er for den primære motor cortex ved at måle corticospinal output gennem MEP'erne optagelse. Men placeringen af TMS spolen over TAC elektrode repræsenterer et afgørende skridt, der skal udføres præcist. Derfor vil vi først og fremmest foreslå eksperimentatorer find et målpunkt af fælles puls TMS, derefter mærke det på hovedbunden og kun efter at placere TAC'er elektrode over hotspot. Desuden understøtter tilg?...

Transkranial elektrisk Stimulation (tES) er en neuromodulatory teknik, som giver mulighed for ændring af neuronal stater gennem forskellige aktuelle bølgeformer1. Blandt forskellige typer af tES muliggør transkranial vekselstrøm Stimulation (TAC) levering af sinusformet eksterne oscillerende potentialer i en bestemt frekvensområde og graduering af fysiologiske neurale aktivitet underliggende perceptuelle, motoriske og kognitive processer2. Ved hjælp af TAC, er det muligt at undersøge mulige årsagssammenhænge mellem endogene oscillerende aktivitet og hjerne processer.
In vivo, har det vist sig at spiking neurale aktivitet synkroniseres ved forskellige drivende frekvenser, hvilket tyder på at neuronal fyring kan være medrives af elektrisk anvendte felter3. I dyremodeller medriver svag sinusformet TAC udledes hyppigheden af udbredt kortikale neuronal swimmingpool4. Hos mennesker, TAC kombineret med online electroencefalografi (EEG) giver mulighed for induktion af de såkaldte "Medrivning" virkning på endogene oscillerende aktivitet ved at interagere med hjerne svingninger i en frekvens-specifik måde5. Men kombinerer TAC'erne med neuroimaging metoder for en bedre forståelse af de mekanismer, der er online er stadig tvivlsom på grund af AC-induceret artefakter6. Derudover er det ikke muligt at optage direkte EEG-signalet over stimuleret målområdet uden at bruge en ring-lignende elektrode, som er en tvivlsom løsning7. Således mangler systematiske undersøgelser om dette emne.
Indtil videre er der ingen klare beviser om de varige virkninger af TAC'er efter stimulation ophør. Kun få studier har vist svage og uklare eftervirkningerne af TAC på det motoriske system8. Derudover er EEG beviser stadig ikke klart om eftervirkningerne af TAC'er9. På den anden side de fleste TAC'er undersøgelser viste fremtrædende online virkninger10,11,12,13,14,15,16 , 17 , 18, som er vanskelige at måle på en fysiologisk niveau på grund af tekniske begrænsninger. Det overordnede mål med vores metode er således, at give en alternativ tilgang for at teste online og frekvens-afhængige effekter af TAC på den motoriske cortex (M1) ved at levere enkelt puls transkranial magnetisk Stimulation (TMS). TMS gør det muligt for forskere at "sonde" den fysiologiske tilstand af menneskers motoriske cortex19. Derudover ved at optage Motor fremkaldte potentialer (MEP) på fagets kontralaterale side, kan vi undersøge virkningerne af de igangværende TAC'er11. Denne fremgangsmåde lader os nøjagtigt overvåge ændringer i corticospinal ophidselse ved at måle MEP amplitude under online elektrisk stimulation leveret ved forskellige frekvenser i en artefakt-fri mode. Derudover kan denne tilgang også teste online virkningerne af eventuelle andre bølgeform af tES.
For at demonstrere effekterne kombineret TAC-TMS, vil vi vise protokollen ved at anvende 20 Hz AC stimulation over den primære motor cortex (M1) mens online neuronavigated enkelt puls TMS er leveret afbrudt af tilfældige intervaller fra 3 til 5 s for at teste M1 kortikal ophidselse.

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			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:213px;">BrainStim, high-resolution transcranial stimulator</td>
			<td style="width:136px;">E.M.S., Bologna, Italy</td>
			<td style="width:123px;">EMS-BRAINSTIM</td>
			<td style="width:157px;"></td>
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			<td height="63" style="height:63px;width:213px;">Pair of 1,5m cables for connection of conductive silicone electrodes</td>
			<td style="width:136px;">E.M.S., Bologna, Italy</td>
			<td style="width:123px;">EMS-CVBS15</td>
			<td style="width:157px;"></td>
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			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:213px;">Reusable conductive silicone electrodes 50x50mm</td>
			<td style="width:136px;">E.M.S., Bologna, Italy</td>
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			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:213px;">Reusable spontex sponge for electrode 50x100mm</td>
			<td style="width:136px;">E.M.S., Bologna, Italy</td>
			<td style="width:123px;">FIA-PG916S</td>
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			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:213px;">Rubber belts &#8211; 75 cm</td>
			<td style="width:136px;">E.M.S., Bologna, Italy</td>
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			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:213px;">Plastic non traumatic button</td>
			<td style="width:136px;">E.M.S., Bologna, Italy</td>
			<td style="width:123px;">FIA-PG905/99</td>
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			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:213px;">Brainstim</td>
			<td style="width:136px;">E.M.S., Bologna, Italy</td>
			<td style="width:123px;"></td>
			<td style="width:157px;"></td>
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			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:213px;">MagPro X100 MagOption - transcranial magnetic stimulator</td>
			<td style="width:136px;">MagVenture, Farum, Denmark</td>
			<td style="width:123px;">9016E0731</td>
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			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:213px;">8-shaped coil MC-B65-HO-2</td>
			<td style="width:136px;">MagVenture, Farum, Denmark</td>
			<td style="width:123px;">9016E0462</td>
			<td style="width:157px;"></td>
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			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:213px;">Chair with neckrest</td>
			<td style="width:136px;">MagVenture, Farum, Denmark</td>
			<td style="width:123px;">9016B0081</td>
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			<td height="63" style="height:63px;width:213px;">Localite TMS Navigator - Navigation platform, Premium edition</td>
			<td style="width:136px;">Localite, GmbH, Germany</td>
			<td style="width:123px;">21223</td>
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			<td height="84" style="height:84px;width:213px;">Localite TMS Navigator - MR-based software, import data for morphological MRI (DICOM, NifTi)</td>
			<td style="width:136px;">Localite, GmbH, Germany</td>
			<td style="width:123px;">10226</td>
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			<td height="57" style="height:57px;width:213px;">MagVenture 24.8 coil tracker, Geom 1</td>
			<td style="width:136px;">Localite, GmbH, Germany</td>
			<td style="width:123px;">5221</td>
			<td style="width:157px;"></td>
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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:213px;">Electrode wires for surface EMG</td>
			<td style="width:136px;">&#160;EBNeuro, Italy&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:123px;">6515</td>
			<td style="width:157px;"></td>
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			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:213px;">Surface Electrodes for EEG/EMG</td>
			<td style="width:136px;">&#160;EBNeuro, Italy&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:123px;">6515</td>
			<td style="width:157px;"></td>
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		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:213px;">BrainAmp ExG amplifier - bipolar amplifier&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:136px;">Brain Products, GmbH, Germany</td>
			<td style="width:123px;"></td>
			<td style="width:157px;"></td>
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		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:213px;">&#160;BrainVision Recorder 1.21.0004&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:136px;">Brain Products, GmbH, Germany</td>
			<td style="width:123px;"></td>
			<td style="width:157px;"></td>
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			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:213px;">Nuprep Skin Prep Gel&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:136px;">Weaver and Company, USA</td>
			<td></td>
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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:213px;">Syringes</td>
			<td style="width:136px;"></td>
			<td style="width:123px;"></td>
			<td style="width:157px;"></td>
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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:213px;">Sticky tape</td>
			<td style="width:136px;"></td>
			<td style="width:123px;"></td>
			<td style="width:157px;"></td>
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		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:213px;">NaCl solution</td>
			<td style="width:136px;"></td>
			<td style="width:123px;"></td>
			<td style="width:157px;"></td>
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effects of transcranial alternating current stimulation on the primary motor cortex by online combined approach with transcranial magnetic stimulation

Transkranial vekselstrøm Stimulation (TAC) er en neuromodulatory teknik at handle gennem sinusformet elektriske bølgeformer i en bestemt frekvens og igen modulere igangværende kortikale oscillerende aktivitet. Denne neurotool giver mulighed for etablering af en årsagssammenhæng mellem endogene oscillerende aktivitet og adfærd. De fleste af TAC'er undersøgelserne har vist online effekter af TAC'er. Dog er lidt kendt om de underliggende handling mekanismer af denne teknik på grund af de AC-induceret artefakter på electroencefalografi (EEG) signaler. Her viser vi en unik tilgang til at undersøge online fysiologiske frekvens-specifikke effekter af TAC'er for den primære motor cortex (M1) ved hjælp af fælles puls transkranial magnetisk Stimulation (TMS) for at sonde kortikal ophidselse ændringer. I vores setup, er TMS spolen placeret over TAC elektrode mens Motor Evoked Potentials (MEP'erne) indsamles for at afprøve virkningerne af de igangværende M1-TAC'er. Denne tilgang har hidtil primært brugt at studere de visuelle og motoriske systemer. Men de nuværende TAC-TMS opsætning kan bane vejen for fremtidige undersøgelser af kognitive funktioner. Derfor, vi giver en trin for trin manual og video retningslinjer for proceduren.

Det første vidnesbyrd om en TAC/TMS kombineret tilgang var vist af Kanai et al. i 2010. I denne undersøgelse, forfatterne anvendes TAC over den primære visuelle cortex (V1) og demonstreret en frekvens-specifikke graduering af visuelle kortikal ophidselse målt ved online TMS-induceret phosphene perception15. En mere raffineret udgave af protokollen blev vedtaget for at undersøge en fysiologisk graduering af den motoriske hjernebark ophidselse af Feurra...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Effects of Transcranial Alternating Current Stimulation on the Primary Motor Cortex by Online Combined Approach with Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation at JoVE

Effects of Transcranial Alternating Current Stimulation on the Primary Motor Cortex by Online Combined Approach with Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation

Transkranial vekselstrøm Stimulation (TAC) giver mulighed for modulering af kortikal ophidselse i en frekvens-specifikke mode. Her viser vi en unik tilgang, som kombinerer online TAC'erne med enkelt puls transkranial magnetisk Stimulation (TMS) for at "sonde" kortikal ophidselse ved hjælp af Motor Evoked Potentials.

Virkningerne af transkranial vekselstrøm Stimulation på den primære Motor Cortex af Online kombineret tilgang med transkranial magnetisk Stimulation

Transcranial Alternating Current Stimulation (tACS) is a neuromodulatory technique able to act through sinusoidal electrical waveforms in a specific ...

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A Novel Approach for Documenting Phosphenes Induced by Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation

Stimulation of the human visual cortex produces a transient perception of light, known as a phosphene. Phosphenes are induced by invasive electrical ...

Combining Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation and fMRI to Examine the Default Mode Network

The default mode network is a group of brain regions that are active when an individual is not focused on the outside world and the brain is at "wakeful ...

Electrode Positioning and Montage in Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation

Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a technique that has been intensively investigated in the past decade as this method offers a ...

The Use of Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy as a Tool for the Measurement of Bi-hemispheric Transcranial Electric Stimulation Effects on Primary Motor Cortex Metabolism

Brug af Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy som et værktøj til måling af Bi-halvkugleformet Transkranial Electric Stimulation Virkninger på Primary Motor Cortex Metabolisme

Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a neuromodulation technique that has been increasingly used over the past decade in the treatment of ...

Remotely Supervised Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation: An Update on Safety and Tolerability

Fjernt overvåget transkranial direkte nuværende Stimulation: En opdatering på sikkerheden og tolerabiliteten

The remotely supervised tDCS (RS-tDCS) protocol enables participation from home through guided and monitored self-administration of tDCS treatment while ...

Online Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Protocol for Measuring Cortical Physiology Associated with Response Inhibition

Online transkranial magnetisk Stimulation protokol til måling af kortikal fysiologi tilknyttet svar hæmning

We describe the development of a reproducible, child-friendly motor response inhibition task suitable for online Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) ...

Combined Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation and Electroencephalography of the Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex

Kombinerede transkranial magnetisk Stimulation og electroencefalografi i den Dorsolateral præfrontale Cortex

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a non-invasive method that produces neural excitation in the cortex by means of brief, time-varying magnetic ...

The Combined Use of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation and Robotic Therapy for the Upper Limb

Den kombinerede brug af transkranial direkte nuværende Stimulation og robot terapi for overekstremiteterne

Neurologic disorders such as stroke and cerebral palsy are leading causes of long-term disability and can lead to severe incapacity and restriction of ...

Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) in Mice

Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation tDCS in Mice

Transkranial jævnstrøm Stimulation (TDC'er) i mus

Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a non-invasive neuromodulation technique proposed as an alternative or complementary treatment for ...

Stimulation Location Determination using a 3D Digitizer with High-Definition Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation

Stimulering placering bestemmelse ved hjælp af en 3D digitizer med high-definition Transcranial direkte strøm stimulering

The abundance of neuroimaging data and rapid development of machine learning has made it possible to investigate brain activation patterns. However, ...